| 单词 | 药物学 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 | 药物学 noun —pharmacognosy nExamples:药物学家—pharmacologist See also:药物 n—drugs pl • medicine n • veterinary drug n • cure n 药物—pharmaceuticals • medicaments 物学 adj—biological adj 物学 n—microbiology n • molecular biology n
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同时，硕士研究生项目也向医学和药 物学专业高等学府的毕业生开放。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Master’s postgraduate studies are also open for the graduates [...] from medical and pharmaceutical higher institutions. daccess-ods.un.org |
安第斯大学药物学学生社 区服务协调联络员(2008-2010 年)；安第斯大学化 学分析师(2000-2002 年)。 daccess-ods.un.org | Coordinator and Facilitator of the Pharmacology Students Community Service, Universidad de los Andes (2008-2010); Chemical Analyst, Universidad de los Andes (2000-2002). daccess-ods.un.org |
在公斤实验室和中试车间，会生产几百克到几公斤的产物，用来进行新药 的 药物学 研 发、安全研究及早期的病理测试。 vacuubrand.com | In kilo labs and pilot plants, materials are produced in quantities of a few [...] hundred grams to several [...] kilograms for pharmaceutical development, safety studies and early clinical trials for new drugs. vacuubrand.com |
参加的会议 多次出席专业会议和讨论会，包括拉丁美洲毒理学大会的几次会议；调查和 健康第二届全国大会(2002 年)；哥伦比亚加勒比地区空中安全大会(2001 年)； 第七届哥伦比亚药物学和治疗学大会和第一次国际专题研讨会“作为新药物来源 的生物多样性”(2001 年)；哥伦比亚麦德林毒理学和环境保护全国大会(1999 年)。 daccess-ods.un.org | Participation in numerous professional conferences and seminars, including several meetings of the Latin American Congress of Toxicology; Second National Congress, Investigation and Health (2002); Congress of Aerial Security in the Colombian Caribbean Area (2001); Seventh Colombian Congress of Pharmacology and Therapeutics and first international symposium on “Biodiversity as source of new drugs” (2001); National Congress of Toxicology and Environmental Protection, Medellín, Colombia (1999). daccess-ods.un.org |
教育法》规定，除医学和药物学专业 外，其他专业的高等教育一律分两 个周期：第一个周期：领取从业许可证的本科阶段；第二个周期：硕士研究生阶 段。 daccess-ods.un.org | According to the Law on Education, study except the [...] studies in medicine and pharmacy, takes place in two [...]cycles: the 1st cycle – Licentiate’s [...]undergraduate studies; 2nd cycle – Master’s postgraduate studies. daccess-ods.un.org |
土著人民的传统知识覆盖广泛领域，包括自然科学(生物学、植物学、动物 [...] 学)、天文学、地理学、地质学和气象学、自然疗法、 医 学 、 药物学 、 生态学、 生物多样性管理、可持续发展与间种、农林、生态系统管理、林业管理、流域管 [...] 理、动植物物种目前及潜在的使用、土壤和矿物，有用物种的加工和储存及不同 成分配方等。 daccess-ods.un.org | The traditional knowledge of indigenous peoples takes in a wide range of [...] subjects, including [...] natural sciences (biology, botany, zoology), [...]astronomy, geography, geology and meteorology, natural healing, medicine, pharmacology, ecology, biodiversity management, sustainable development and associated crops, agroforestry, ecosystems management, [...]forestry management, watershed management, current and potential uses of plant and animal species, soil and minerals, and the processing and storage of useful species and diverse ingredient formulations. daccess-ods.un.org |
学历意大利卡利亚里大学，医学和外科系及药剂系，药理和 药 物 治 疗 学教授(1980 年)；美国，贝塞斯达，美国国立卫生研究院， 化 学药物学 实 验 室，博士后研究 员(1971-1973 年)；卡利亚里大学医学和外科学院医学与外科学位，成绩优异 (1970 年)。 daccess-ods.un.org | Professor of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery and Faculty of Pharmacy, [...] University of Cagliari, Italy (1980); postdoctoral fellow, Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, [...]United States of America (1971-1973); degree in medicine and surgery, summa cum laude, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Cagliari (1970). daccess-ods.un.org |
然而，提名的候选人在技术上是否 是医生、化学家或药物学家并 非至关重要，因为麻管局拥有世界卫生组织提名的 [...] 科学成员，因而总能得益于有这种资格的成员。 daccess-ods.un.org | It is not essential, however, that the candidates so nominated [...] be technically qualified as medical [...] doctors, chemists or pharmacists, as INCB will always [...]have at its command the benefit [...]of such qualifications, thanks to the presence of its scientific members nominated by WHO. daccess-ods.un.org |
中国医学科学院北京协和医学院药用 植 物研究所 北京100094(彭勇;肖伟);北京中医药大学中药学院 北京100102(刘勇);中国医学科学院北京协和医学 院 药 用 植 物研究所 北京100094北京中医药大学中药学院北京100102(肖培根) 肖培根（1932—），中国工程院院士，主要从事中药资源与传 统 药物学 方 面 的研究工作。 int-tm.com | Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking [...] Union Medical College [...] of Beijing Medicinal Plant Research Institute Beijing 100094 ( Peng Yong; Xiao Wei; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102 ) ( Liu Yong ); Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College of Beijing Medicinal Plant Research Institute Beijing 100094 Beijing University of Chinese Medicine College of traditional Chinese medicine Beijing 100102 ( Xiao Peigen ) Xiao Peigen ( 1932 -), academician of Chinese Academy of engineering, the main engaged in traditional Chinese medicine resources and traditional pharmacology research. en.int-tm.com |
实用的、以 [...] 用户为导向的研讨会项目也会讲授如何在 化学、药学、物理和 医学领域正确使用真 空泵和真空系统等题目。 vacuubrand.com | The hands-on and user-oriented seminar programme also [...] teaches topics such as the correct application of vacuum pumps and systems [...] in chemistry, pharmacy, physics and medicine. vacuubrand.com |
Anderson博士的研究丰富了人体皮肤光 生 物学 、 药物 光 敏机制、人体组织光学和激光－人体组织相互作用方面的基础知识。 tipschina.gov.cn | Dr. Anderson's research has advanced the basic knowledge of [...] human skin photobiology, drug photosensitization [...]mechanisms, tissue optics, and laser-tissue interactions. tipschina.gov.cn |
Kiril 和 Metodij 大学，药物分析 控制专业(2002-2006 年)；斯科普里美国学院 国际商业管理和市场营销硕士项目学习(2006-2007 年)。 daccess-ods.un.org | Kiril and Metodij, Skopje (2002-2006); Master’s study in International Business Management and Marketing, American College in Skopje (2006-2007). daccess-ods.un.org |
73 另外，有证据表明新型药品的反向工艺本质上在 生 物 制 药学 领 域 要比在 传统处理的化学领域更加困难。 iprcommission.org | Moreover, if the necessary investment is only triggered by the availability of a compulsory licence, there will [...] inevitably be long delays [...] before the drug actually reaches the intended patients.73In addition, there is some evidence that reverse engineering of new medicines is intrinsically [...]more difficult in [...]biopharmaceuticals than in traditional process chemistry. iprcommission.org |
哥伦比亚经济学院成员；弗里德里希·埃伯特基金会拉丁美洲和加勒比有组 [...] 织犯罪观察站成员(自 2008 年)；美利坚合众国，德州大学，Lozano Long 拉丁美 洲研究所，Tinker 访问教授(2009 年)；罗萨尼奥大学药物和犯 罪研究与监测中 心创始成员、所长，波哥大(2004 年 7 月至 2007 年 12 月)；安第斯大学国际研究 中心教授、主任，波哥大(1994 [...]年 10 月至 1995 年 12 月)。 daccess-ods.un.org | Member of the Colombian Academy of Economic Sciences; member of the Organized Crime Observatory for Latin America and the Caribbean, Friedrich Ebert Foundation (since 2008); Tinker Visiting Professor, Lozano Long [...] Institute for Latin [...] American Studies, University of Texas, United States of America (2009); founder and Director, Research and Monitoring Center on Drugs and Crime (CEODD), [...]Universidad del [...]Rosario, Bogotá (July 2004-December 2007); Professor and Director, Centre for International Studies, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá (October 1994-December 1995). daccess-ods.un.org |
在其题为“改进世界毒品问题数据的收集、报告和分析质量和建设监测能 [...] 力及关于这一问题的政策对策”的第 54/9 号决议中，麻醉药品委员会关切地注 意到秘书处关于药物滥用世界形势的 2011 年报告（E/CN.7/2011/2），该报告对 目前缺乏有关大多数流行病学药物使 用 指标的信息表示关切，造成这种情况的 原因是，世界一些地方缺乏持久的药物信息和监测系统，从而阻碍了对不断变 化和层出不穷的趋势的监测，难以实施循证对策，而且评价这些对策有效性的 [...]能力也受到了限制。 daccess-ods.un.org | 1. In its resolution 54/9, entitled “Improving quality and building monitoring capacity for the collection, reporting and analysis of data on the world drug problem and policy responses to it”, the Commission on Narcotics Drugs noted with concern the 2011 report of the Secretariat on the [...] world situation with [...] regard to drug abuse (E/CN.7/2011/2), which raised concern about the lack of current information on most of the epidemiological indicators on drug use, caused [...]by a lack of sustainable [...]drug information and monitoring systems in some parts of the world, thus hindering the monitoring of changing and emerging trends, the implementation of evidence-based responses and the ability to assess the effectiveness of those responses. daccess-ods.un.org |
关切地注意到秘书处 2011 年关于世界药物滥用形势的报告44 ，其中对目前 缺乏有关大多数流行病学药物使用 指标的信息这一现实情况提出关切，这种情 况的原因是在世界一些地方缺乏持久的药物信息和监测系统，从而阻碍了对不 断变化和层出不穷的趋势的监测，难以实施循证对策，而且评估这些对策有效 性的能力也受到了限制 daccess-ods.un.org | the 2011 report of the Secretariat on the world situation with regard to drug abuse,44 which raises concern about the fact that there is a lack of current information on most of the epidemiological indicators on drug use, caused by a lack of sustainable drug information and monitoring systems in some parts of the world, which hinders the monitoring of changing and emerging trends, the implementation of evidence-based responses and the ability to assess the effectiveness of those responses, 1. daccess-ods.un.org |
这一技术的应用包括药学研究与开 发、其它医学、生物学和考古学研究以及微型机械部件的工业生产。 unesdoc.unesco.org | Applications of this technology include pharmaceutical research and development, other [...] medical, biological, and archeological [...]research, and industrial production of micro-mechanical components. unesdoc.unesco.org |
在梅嫩德斯·佩拉约国际大学主持名为“双重病理学：科学还是谎言”的讨 论会(2010 年)和“药物：其他观点”的讨论会(2009 年)；马德里康普斯顿大学 药物依赖研究所讲师。 daccess-ods.un.org | Led seminars entitled “Dual pathology: science or fiction” (2010) and “Drugs: other views” (2009) at the [...] Menéndez Pelayo International University; [...] lectured at the Drug Dependence Institute of the Complutense University of Madrid. daccess-ods.un.org |
过敏症是一种严重的过敏性反应，当敏感体质者接触到外来 化 学物 质 ， 包括咬伤和蜇伤、 植 物 或 药物 时 ，便会出现过敏症。 studyinaustralia.gov.au | Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that can occur in [...] sensitive individuals from [...] exposure to any chemicals foreign to the body, including bites and stings, plants, or medications. studyinaustralia.gov.au |
取得的成果包括：实现全民教育的综合国家承诺；广泛宣传波斯语版本的《全民教育 全球监测报告》，以激发关于素质教育的公共意识和政策辩论；建立起有关教育和科学的国 民议会对话机制；用波斯语为教师编制和宣传包容性教育 的 学 习 培训资料；就滥 用 药物 与艾 滋病毒/艾滋病问题进行磋商；就文化多样性和人权进行高级别政策对话、交流和培训；在 新闻行业开展能力建设，以及报告与性别、环境恶化、防灾减灾以及艾滋病毒和艾滋病有关 [...] 的敏感问题。 unesdoc.unesco.org | Achievements include: consolidated national commitment toward EFA; wide dissemination of EFA Global Monitoring Reports (Farsi version) to stimulate public awareness and policy debates on quality education; establishment of a dialogue mechanism with the [...] national parliament on [...] education and sciences; production and dissemination of learning and training materials in Farsi for teachers on inclusive education; consultation on drug abuse and HIV/AIDS; [...]high-level policy [...]dialogue, exchanges and training on cultural diversity and human rights; capacity-building in journalism and reporting on sensitive issues related to gender, environmental degradation, disaster preparedness and mitigation, and HIV/AIDS. unesdoc.unesco.org |
这些因素包括：受害人 与行为人之间的共同生活安排，接触的频率助长紧张关系、冲突和虐待行为；社 [...] 会隔离，这可以增加家庭压力和降低问题能见度或减少干预机会；受害人或行为 [...] 人患有失智症，其粗暴行为和难于相处的症状可以促使照护人实行虐待或报复受 到的虐待；行为人方面的病理学因素 ， 药物 滥 用 ，精神疾病或人格障碍可以引起 愤怒或不满情绪，及减少对实施虐待行为的抑制。 daccess-ods.un.org | These include: shared living arrangements between victim and perpetrator, with the frequency of contact serving to flame tension, conflict and abuse; social isolation, which can increase family stress and decrease problem visibility or intervention; dementia on the part of either the victim or perpetrator, with its symptoms of aggressive and difficult behaviours, which can foster abuse or retaliation against abuse by [...] the caregiver; and pathology on the part of the [...] perpetrator, where substance abuse, mental illness [...]or personality disorders [...]can provoke anger or frustration and reduce inhibitions for abuse occurrence. daccess-ods.un.org |
目前缺乏有关大多数流行病学药物使 用指 标的信息。 daccess-ods.un.org | There is a lack of current information on most of [...] the epidemiological indicators of drug use. daccess-ods.un.org |
其他相关专业经验：药物依赖性、注射 吸毒和减少艾滋病毒风险培训资源开发团队顾问(美国加州大学洛杉矶分校，美 国和全印度医学科学院项目)(2005 年至今)；药物依赖 性技术准则和培训资源开 发团队顾问(加州大学洛杉矶分校、美国和联合国毒品和犯罪问题办事处(禁毒 办)，维也纳)(2005-2006 年)；减少南亚年轻吸毒者冒险行为网络项目研究和政 策顾问(禁毒办)(2004-2005 年)；将艾滋病毒/艾滋病问题纳入不断减少南亚毒品 [...] 需求主流项目研究和政策顾问(印度政府和禁毒办联办项目，)(2003-2004 [...] 年)； 印度政府国家药物滥用管制规划方案修改工作技术顾问(卫生和家庭福利 部)(2003 年)。 daccess-ods.un.org | Other relevant professional experience: Consultant to the team to develop resources for training in drug dependence, [...] injection drug use and HIV [...] risk reduction (University of California, Los Angeles, USA and AIIMS project) (2005ongoing); consultant to the team to develop technical guidelines and resources for training in drug dependence (UCLA, [...]USA and United Nations [...]Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), Vienna) (2005-2006); Research and Policy Adviser for project Networking for Reducing Risk Taking Behaviour amongst Young Drug Users in South Asia (UNODC) (2004-2005); Research and Policy Adviser for project on mainstreaming HIV/AIDS concerns in ongoing drug demand reduction in South Asia (A Project of the Government of India and UNODC) (2003-2004); Technical Resource person to modify the National Drug Abuse Control Programme of the Government (Ministry of Health and Family Welfare) (2003). daccess-ods.un.org |
安理会还在关于“恐怖主义行为对国际和平与安全造成的威胁”的第 1373/2001 号决议(安理会“关切地注意到国际恐怖主义与跨国有组织犯罪、非法 药物、洗 钱、非法贩运军火、非法运送核、 化 学 、 生 物 和 其他潜在致命材料之间 的密切联系”和关于“非洲和平与安全”的主席声明(S/PRST/2009/32)(“安理 [...] 会关切地注意到，贩毒和相关的跨国有组织犯罪在一些情况下对包括非洲在内的 [...] 世界不同区域的国际安全构成严重威胁”)中，从较广泛的角度审议了该问题)。 daccess-ods.un.org | It also considered the issue from a more general point of view in resolution 1373 (2001) on threats to international peace and security caused by terrorist acts (the Council “[noted] with concern the close connection between international terrorism and [...] transnational organized [...] crime, illicit drugs, money-laundering, illegal arms-trafficking, and illegal movement of nuclear, chemical, biological and other potentially [...]deadly materials”) [...]and in the presidential statement (S/PRST/2009/32) on peace and security in Africa (“the Security Council notes with concern the serious threats posed in some cases by drug trafficking and related transnational organized crime to international security in different regions of the world, including in Africa”). daccess-ods.un.org |
(v) 对于希望获得戒烟知识和实践技能，并将提供戒烟支持作为他们工作一部分的医务工作者需 要学 习——烟草控制；尼古丁成瘾；戒烟指南；尼古丁依赖评估；可用、可获得、可负担、性价比高的戒 烟 药物 治疗 ；设定一个戒烟日；行为支持；安排随访；识别尼古丁戒断症状；诱发吸烟的因素；烟草使用的奖赏行 为；相关的基本解剖学和生 理学知识，尤其是大脑内涉及奖赏和依赖的区域，肺脏和心血管系统；证实自我 报告戒烟真实性的可行方法；治疗终点，特别是七天的时点戒烟率及持续戒烟率；保持戒烟状态，复杂病例 的建议；对特殊人群的风险效益评估。 globalsmokefreepartnership.org | (v) Cessation support for health staff who want to gain a knowledge base in cessation and gain the practical skills to provide cessation support as part of their rolea - tobacco control; nicotine addiction; cessation guidelines; assessing [...] nicotine dependence; [...] available, accessible, affordable, cost-effective cessation pharmacotherapy; setting a quit date; behavioural support; arranging follow-up support; identifying symptoms of nicotine withdrawal; cues that trigger urges to smoke; tobacco use compensation behaviour; basic relevant anatomy and physiology, particularly the areas of the brain involved in reward [...]and dependence, [...]the lungs, and the cardiovascular system; available methods of verifying self-reported abstinence; treatment endpoints, in particular seven-day point prevalence and continuous abstinence; maintaining abstinence, seeking advice on complex cases; and risk-benefit assessment of specific population groups. globalsmokefreepartnership.org |
(a) 在国家层面，合作机构将包括三十多所提供生物技术相关研究方面的博士课程的 大学、部际部门和联邦生物技术机构（特别是国家 生 物 技 术 开发署、Sheda 综合 科技大厦、国家药学研究 与开发研究所和国家热带农业研究所），以及积极参与 生物技术政策制定和研究的地区生物技术中心（其中一个中心位于恩苏卡的尼日 [...] 利亚大学）。 unesdoc.unesco.org | (a) At the national level, cooperating institutes will include over thirty universities offering doctoral programmes in biotechnology-related research, interministerial departments and federal biotechnology agencies, in [...] particular the National [...] Biotechnology Development Agency, the Sheda Science and Technology Complex, the National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development [...]and the International [...]Institute of Tropical Agriculture, zonal biotechnology centres (one of which is located at the University of Nigeria, Nsukka) among others that are active in biotechnology policymaking and research. unesdoc.unesco.org |
同时制定并实施了一系列行业标准：《对受艾滋病毒感染人群保守治疗标 准》(2001 年)、《针对受艾滋病毒感染人群的抗转录酶病 毒 药物 治 疗和防止艾滋 病毒的母婴传播和职业感染的标准》(2001 年和 2003 年)、《艾滋病毒感染的流 行病学监测 标准》(2002 年)、《艾滋病、肝炎和其他病毒感染实验室与诊断机构 组织实施抗击流行病计划操作指南》(2004 [...] 年)、《艾滋病毒母婴传播》单元 (2004 年)、《艾滋病毒检测咨询前后的方法指导》(2005 年)。 daccess-ods.un.org | Sector standards have been developed and implemented: [...] “Palliative treatment of [...] the persons infected with HIV and AIDS” (2001), “Treatment with antiretroviral medicine specific for persons infected with HIV and AIDS and the prophylaxis of transmission [...]of the mother-child [...]HIV infection, professional exposure” (2001 and 2003), “Epidemiologic supervision of the HIV/AIDS infection” (2002); Instructions on the organisation of the antiepidemiologic programme in the AIDS, hepatitis and other viral infections laboratories and diagnosis sections” (2004), The module “HIV and AIDS infections with mother-child transmission” (2004), Methodological Guide “Before and after HIV test counselling” (2005). daccess-ods.un.org |
一项符合世界卫生组织要求的计划获批有助于吸引许多重要的国际捐助机 构：日内瓦防治肺结核合作组织下属全球抗肺结核 类 药物 基 金 会、全球艾滋病、 肺结核、疟疾防治基金会、美国国际开发署、卢森堡博爱基金会、荷兰皇家肺结 核防治协会、保健管理科学协会 (SUA)、世界卫生组织绿灯委员会，它们一致决 定为实施规划的活动提供必要资助。 daccess-ods.un.org | Approval of a programme in conformity with the WHO requirements allowed the attraction of [...] an important number of [...] donors: “Global TB Drug Facility” of the Stop TB Partnership of Geneva, the Global AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria Fund, USA Development Agency (USAID), “Caritas Luxemburg”, Netherlands Royal Association of Tuberculosis [...]Control [...](NRATC), MSH (SUA), Green Light Committee of the WHO, which determined the supply of a very important support to implement the planned activities. daccess-ods.un.org |
在各种国际会议上发言，包括：维也纳国际艾滋病大会：题为“在马来西亚 减少药物滥用及危害”(2010 年)；维也纳第十八届国际艾滋病大会：题为“受访 者主导的抽样调查——让社区参与”(2010 [...] 年)；全球卫生中心：题为“马来西亚 的艾滋病毒预防”，由哥伦比亚大学在哈萨克斯坦阿拉木图举行(2010 [...] 年)；第十 三届亚洲和太平洋地区艾滋病国际大会(ICAAP)：题为“印尼：扩大在马来西亚 减少危害的工作”(2009 年)；第 20 届澳大利亚艾滋病毒医药学会年会(2008 年)； 吉隆坡第 13 届国际感染性疾病大会(2008 年)；中国西安第十届国际药物依赖 问 题会议：题为“减害伤害国际经验”(2008 年)。 daccess-ods.un.org | Speaker at various international conferences, including: International AIDS Conference: “Substance Abuse and Harm Reduction in Malaysia”, Vienna (2010); XVIII International AIDS Conference: “Respondent Driven Sampling — Involving the Community”, Vienna (2010); Global Health Centre: “HIV Prevention in Malaysia”, Columbia University, Almaty, Kazakhstan (2010); XIII International Congress of AIDS in Asia and the Pacific (ICAAP): “Indonesia: Scaling up Harm Reduction in Malaysia” (2009); 20th Annual [...] Australian Society for [...] HIV Medicine Conference (2008); 13th International Congress in Infectious Diseases (ICID), Kuala Lumpur (2008); X International Conference of Drug Dependence: [...]“International Experience [...]of Harm Reduction”, Xian, China (2008). daccess-ods.un.org |
(vi) 针对于希望获得戒烟知识和实践技能、将为特殊人群提供强化戒烟支持作为其工作重心的卫生工作者 需要学习3 ——为将提供戒烟支持作为其工作一部分的医务工作者提供的所有内容，加上适用于伴心血管疾病 或合并其它疾病的患者、孕妇、接受精神卫生和成瘾治疗服务的患者（尤其是有严重心理障碍者）的戒 烟药 物；吸烟对多种药物代谢 的作用；在依赖评估和治疗计划上允许并记录的步骤，收集和整理以保证对患者进 行标准监督和服务有效性的戒烟服务数据；使用不止一种有效的行为支持方法；对患者进行不间断的支持； 尼古丁依赖的治疗。 globalsmokefreepartnership.org | (vi) Cessation support for health staff who want to gain a knowledge base in cessation and gain the practical skills to provide intensive cessation support to specific populations as their sole focusa – all of the content for health staff providing cessation support as part of their role, plus cessation medications in clients with cardiovascular disease and other co-existing medical conditions, [...] pregnant women, and [...] users of mental health and addiction treatment services (especially for those with complex psychological disorders) effects of smoking on the metabolism of various medications; allowing and documenting steps in dependence assessment and treatment planning and collecting and collating data on the cessation service provided to allow the [...]standard monitoring [...]of clients and service effectiveness; using more than one effective behavioural support method; ongoing support for clients; and treating nicotine dependence. globalsmokefreepartnership.org |
英汉双解词典包含2273206条英汉词条，基本涵盖了全部常用单词的翻译及用法，是英语学习的有利工具。