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External sources (not reviewed)

Efforts at development of human capacities in least developed countries have been affected by high incidence of poverty, mass unemployment, high population growth rates, poor health and nutrition outcomes, as evidenced by high child and maternal morbidity and mortality rates and the high burden of undernutrition, the prevalence of communicable diseases, including HIV/AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis and polio, and the growing burden of non-communicable diseases.

The European Union believed that a more determined effort must be made to fight poverty and HIV/AIDS, which were synonymous with denial of rights; the economic, social and cultural rights must be more vigorously promoted through legislation; torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment had to be firmly condemned; and all human rights defenders, whom it hailed for working in the face of considerable risk, should be strongly supported.

Changing demographics and poor technological and socio-economic conditions, unplanned urbanization, development within high-risk zones, underdevelopment and poor infrastructure, weak adaptive capacity, environmental degradation, climate variability, climate change, exposure to geological hazards, competition for scarce resources, and the impact of epidemics such as HIV/AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis all increase the vulnerability of least developed countries to natural hazards.

Reference was also made to the lack of legislation to protect lesbians, gays, bisexual and transgender people, with a negative impact on important HIV-prevention work.

It is noteworthy that programmes implemented by the Office in the area education focused on the following strategic areas of support, all directly responding to strategies and results contained in Kenya Education Sector Support Programme (KESSP), the education sector’s plan to materialize Vision 2030: strengthening the planning, monitoring and evaluation of the education system through EMIS; enhancing the education sector responses to HIV and AIDS; improving the quality of education for peace programme; and strengthening literacy development through advocacy and technical support to strategic planning.

Achievements include: consolidated national commitment toward EFA; wide dissemination of EFA Global Monitoring Reports (Farsi version) to stimulate public awareness and policy debates on quality education; establishment of a dialogue mechanism with the national parliament on education and sciences; production and dissemination of learning and training materials in Farsi for teachers on inclusive education; consultation on drug abuse and HIV/AIDS; high-level policy dialogue, exchanges and training on cultural diversity and human rights; capacity-building in journalism and reporting on sensitive issues related to gender, environmental degradation, disaster preparedness and mitigation, and HIV/AIDS.

The strategic direction of the subprogramme derives mainly from the commitments agreed upon at relevant United Nations intergovernmental processes, including the Programme of Action of the World Summit for Social Development, the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development, the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action, the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of their Families, the Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing, the World Programme of Action on Youth, and the United Nations Millennium Declaration aswell asthe commitments adopted at the High-level Plenary Meeting of the General Assembly in 2010 and the Political Declaration on HIV and AIDS: Intensifying our Efforts to Eliminate HIV and AIDS.

Cooperation with the work of the secretariat of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change: (a) in recognition of the work developed by the ARPEL Climate Change Working Group since its creation in 1999, the secretariat of the Framework Convention accepted ARPEL as an official observer to the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol and its subsidiary bodies, during the tenth Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in December 2004 in Buenos Aires; (b) ARPEL report on the contribution of the oil and gas industry to greenhouse gas emissions reduction in Latin America and the Caribbean was presented at the same Conference; (c) participation of ARPEL at the eleventh Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in November and December 2005 in Montreal, Canada.

[...] [...] barriers to effective HIVresponse, in particular with regard to key affected populations” and had requested the Executive Secretary to convene a highlevel intergovernmental meeting “to assess progress against commitments in the Political Declaration on HIV/AIDSand the [...][...]

The UNODC Computer-based Training (CBT) programme, given a “UN 21 Award”, has remained a cornerstone of UNODC technical assistance delivery, and 10 new areas of the CBT curriculum are being developed: the smuggling of migrants, advanced anti-human trafficking techniques, integrity and ethics, violence against women, identity crime, first responders to a crime scene, crimes against children, wildlife trafficking, training on HIV/AIDSfor law enforcement staff and community policing.

Consider that new threats to security, such as all forms and manifestations of terrorism, the global problem of drugs and related crimes, organized transnational crime, illicit arms trafficking, common crimes that affect civic security, threats to international public health, particularly HIV/AIDS andH1N1, natural disasters, the shipment of radioactive material through our waters, among others, and especially their effects in Latin America and the Caribbean, must be tackled by competent authorities and entities in an integral manner through effective, articulated and joint international cooperation within the framework of respect for the sovereignty of the States, each country’s internal legislation, and international law.

[...] [...] access to HIV prevention, treatment, care and support by 2010, as adopted by the General Assembly; (b) ensure legal protection against discrimination and violence against women and girls, and decriminalizing sex work, men who have sex with men, transgender people and people who use drugs; (c) repeal existing legislation and halt any efforts to pass legislation criminalizing HIVtransmission and exposure; (d) abolish laws that discriminate against women and girls, or laws that contribute to human rights violations against women and girls; (e) involve key populations such as people living with HIV, sexworkers, [...][...]

In addition to the common documents considered under agenda item 3, the Commission had before it the report of the Asia-Pacific High-level Intergovernmental Meeting on the Assessment of Progress against Commitments in the Political Declaration on HIV/AIDS and the Millennium Development Goals (E/ESCAP/68/13).

At its thirty-seventh session, the Commission reaffirmed the importance of the work of the Population Division in providing the United Nations system and the international community with comprehensive and scientifically sound inputs for the analysis of progress made in achieving the goals and objectives on population and development set in the outcomes of major United Nations summits and conferences, especially the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development, the key actions for its further implementation and the Declaration of Commitment on HIV/AIDS(Commission resolution 2004/1).

Other previous Crisis Group reports include Asia Report N°174, Myanmar: Towards the Elections, 20 August 2009; Asia Report N°161, Burma/ Myanmar After Nargis: Time to Normalise Aid Relations, 20 October 2008; Asia Briefing N°58, Myanmar: New Threats to Humanitarian Aid, 8 December 2006; Asia Briefing N°34, Myanmar: Update on HIV/AIDS Policy, 16 December 2004; Asia Report N°82, Myanmar: Aid to the Border Areas, 9 September 2004; Asia Report N°78, Myanmar: Sanctions, Engagement or Another Way Forward?

[...] [...] areas suchas HIV/AIDS, education [...]

26 April 2004; Asia Report N°52, Myanmar Backgrounder: Ethnic Minority Politics, 7 May 2003; Asia Briefing N°21, Myanmar: The Future of the Armed Forces, 27 September 2002; Asia Briefing N°15, Myanmar: The HIV/AIDSCrisis, 2 April 2002; Asia Report N°32, Myanmar: The Politics of Humanitarian Aid, 2 April 2002; Asia Report N°28, Myanmar: The Military Regime’s View of the World, 7 December 2001; Asia Report N°27, Myanmar: The Role of Civil Society, 6 December 2001; Asia Report N°11, Burma/Myanmar: How Strong is the Military Regime?

[...] [...] promotion and an Emmy-nominated 3D-CG [...]

The ministerial meeting endorsed and adopted the draft commitment document, which called for strengthening the enforcement of national laws and the implementation of policies, including gender mainstreaming and budgeting, to advance women’s economic, social and political rights; integrating comprehensive HIV/AIDS and sexual and reproductive health programmes, maximizing the use of available resources within health system strengthening, and increasing budgets and programmatic priority for prevention; and incorporating analysis of population dynamics and health impacts in policies, strategies and plans, as part of initiatives for climate change mitigation/adaptation.

[...] infected with HIV and AIDS” (2001), “Treatment with antiretroviral medicine specific for persons infected with HIV and AIDS and the prophylaxis of transmission of the mother-child HIV infection, professional exposure” (2001 and 2003), “Epidemiologic supervision of the HIV/AIDS infection” (2002); Instructions on the organisation of the antiepidemiologic programmein the AIDS, hepatitis and other viral infections laboratories and diagnosis sections” (2004), The module “HIV and AIDS infections with [...]

Indeed, in our discussion today and going forward in New York, I would suggest that we may all need to think hard about how we can helpAhmed Umer to do his job well, along with his counterparts everywhere.

[...] access to HIVprevention, treatment, care and support, strengthening the fight against malaria, tuberculosis and other diseases, including by providing adequate funding for the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis [...][...]

[...] [...] and implementation mechanisms for PMTCT, prevention of HIV transmission among young people and care for children and families affected by HIV/AIDS; (b) improving the access of women and children to PMTCT and paediatric care services; and (c) ensuring that most-at-risk young people receive adequate information for behaviour change and have access to services for HIVprevention.

[...] [...] drug use and HIV risk reduction (University of California, Los Angeles, USA and AIIMS project) (2005ongoing); consultant to the team to develop technical guidelines and resources for training in drug dependence (UCLA, USA and United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), Vienna) (2005-2006); Research and Policy Adviser for project Networking for Reducing Risk Taking Behaviour amongst Young Drug Users in South Asia (UNODC) (2004-2005); Research and Policy Adviser for project on mainstreaming HIV/AIDS concerns [...][...]

[...] [...] Meeting on the Assessment of Progress against Commitments [...][...]

In hot pursuit of environment-friendly society and innovative lighting, around the year 2000, Mr. Shen Gumao predicted that a better new illuminant must appear in the early 50 years of the 21st century, which is closely connected with the progress of electron device and electronic circuit; and he also forecasted that there would be two excellent illuminants in the future, one of them, the semiconductor LED, and the other one, electrodeless discharge illuminant, namely induction lamp, whose lighting effect and color rendering would obviously be increased in comparison with traditional lights and which would be energy-saving and pollution-free.

Special efforts should be made to tackle discrimination on the basis of any status of the child or parents, including poverty, ethnicity, religion, sex, mental and physical disability, HIV/AIDS orother serious illnesses, whether physical or mental, birth out of wedlock, and socio-economic stigma, and all other statuses and circumstances that can give rise to relinquishment, abandonment and/or removal of a child.