| 单词 | 致命武力 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 | 致命武力 noun —lethal force nSee also:致命—deadly • fatal • mortal • sacrifice one's life 致力 adj—committed adj 武力 n—force n 武力—military force
|
当机器人用远程 控制操纵时，使用致命武力的最 终决定由人类作出，通常也易于确定由此导致 伤害的个人和指挥责任。 daccess-ods.un.org | Where robots are operated by remote control [...] and the ultimate [...] decision to use lethal force is made by humans, individual and command responsibility [...]for any resulting [...]harm is generally readily determinable. daccess-ods.un.org |
任意使用致命武力是将 受到法律 制裁的一种罪行。与国际标准接轨的国内规章管制武力的使用，正在加强监督和 [...] 确保警察和防卫部队责任制的机制。 daccess-ods.un.org | Internal regulations, in line with international standards, [...] regulate the use of force, and the mechanisms [...]for supervising and ensuring the accountability [...]of the police and the defence forces are being strengthened. daccess-ods.un.org |
随着这样的武器系统的出现，存在军事术语中“环中人”，使 用致命武力的决 定同任何其他种类的武器一样取决于操作者和指挥系统。 daccess-ods.un.org | With such weapons systems, there is, in military terminology, a “man in the [...] loop”, so that the [...] determination to use lethal force, as with any other kind of weapon, lies with the [...]operator and the chain of command. daccess-ods.un.org |
没有理由轻率并过度使用致命武力和 重 武器，包括在城市部署坦克，来 平息街头示威活动或清除抗议的静坐示威者。 daccess-ods.un.org | There can be no justification for the hasty resort to [...] excessive use of lethal force and heavy weaponry, including [...]the deployment of tanks in cities, [...]to quell street demonstrations or to clear out protest sit-ins. daccess-ods.un.org |
而警察行动 中使用致命武力的情况却并非如此。 daccess-ods.un.org | The same is not true [...] for the use of lethal force during police action. daccess-ods.un.org |
是否像私人防卫通常要求的那 样，只有迫在眉睫、近在咫尺的威胁才算威胁，或者，是否在执法行动中的某些 情况下可以扩大这一界限，因而可以将未来或更遥远的威胁(例如，逮捕过程中 [...] 看来嫌疑犯今后还可能再次决定攻击某人的情况)视作让警察可以有理由使 用致 命武力的生命威胁？ daccess-ods.un.org | Does a threat count only when it is imminent and at hand as is the normal requirement with private defence, or can this be broadened under certain circumstances in the context of law enforcement operations, so that a future or more remote threat (e.g., where it appears in the context of an arrest that the suspect may in the future [...] again decide to attack someone) can be regarded as a threat to life that [...] justifies the use of lethal force by the police? daccess-ods.un.org |
警察和独立监测机构应全面保留关于 致命武力 使 用 情况以及最好也保留其 成员进行其他危险形式的胁迫的数据。 daccess-ods.un.org | Police and independent monitoring [...] agencies should keep comprehensive data [...] on the use of lethal force and, ideally, [...]other dangerous forms of coercion by their members. daccess-ods.un.org |
这些工具和策略应包括以下等措施：为警察提供其他 非致命性武器，使之能够较容易地制服嫌疑犯(但还须对此种武器的使用本身加 [...] 以严格管制)；强调遏制和缓和局势的策略，并更全面地确保警察在预期可能使 用致命武力的情 况下充分利用其数量和技术上的全面优势。 daccess-ods.un.org | These should include measures such as providing police with alternative non-lethal weaponry that can enable them to overcome suspect resistance more easily (though the use of such weaponry itself needs to be subject to strict control); emphasizing strategies of containment and de-escalation and more generally [...] ensuring that the police make optimum use of their general superiority of numbers and technology in situations where it is [...] anticipated that lethal force may have to [...]be used. daccess-ods.un.org |
允许为保护财产使用致命武力以及 让公民在逮捕过程中拥有与警察相同权 力的法律应予废除。 daccess-ods.un.org | Laws that [...] allow the use of lethal force in the defence of property, and those that give citizens the same powers as the police [...]during arrest, should be revoked. daccess-ods.un.org |
巴西政府正在实施的与需要加强 对警方使用致命武力的管 理和监督有关的政策和方 案不仅包括国家公共安全和公民身份方案，该方案把 [...] 传统公共安全战略与旨在解决暴力深层原因的行动 相结合，还包括对警察进行有关使用现代化非致命技 术和调查方法的培训。 daccess-ods.un.org | The policies and programs being implemented by the Government of Brazil relating to [...] the need to improve control and [...] surveillance of the use of lethal force by the police [...]included the National Public Security [...]and Citizenship Program (PRONASCI), which coupled traditional public-safety strategies with actions aimed at addressing the root causes of violence, and included training of police officers in use of modern non-lethal technologies and investigation methods. daccess-ods.un.org |
在武装冲突中，只有在严格遵照国际人道主义法的规定使 用 致命武 力时，这种武力的使用才算合法。 daccess-ods.un.org | The use of lethal force during an armed conflict situation will only be lawful if such force is used in [...] strict conformity with [...]international humanitarian law. daccess-ods.un.org |
我们要求国际社会， 特别是安全理事会，认真注意被占领的巴勒斯坦领土、包括东耶路撒冷在内的严 [...] 重局势，确保及时采取措施和行动，迫使占领国以色列完全停止其对巴勒斯坦人 民和土地的一切非法、侵略性政策，包括扩张定居点和定居者暴力、法外处决、 对巴勒斯坦人过度使用致命武力、毁坏家屋，并最终致力于谋求和平。 daccess-ods.un.org | We call upon the international community, particularly the Security Council, to give due attention to the grave situation in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and to ensure that timely measures and action be undertaken to compel Israel, the occupying Power, to halt completely all of its illegal and aggressive policies against the Palestinian people and their land, including [...] settlement expansion and [...] settler violence, extrajudicial executions, excessive and lethal force against [...]Palestinians, home demolitions [...]and finally commit to the pursuit of peace. daccess-ods.un.org |
此外，国际社会必须要求以色列尊重平 民和平抗议的权利，停止过度和不加区分地使 用 致命武力 对 付 示威者。 daccess-ods.un.org | Further, Israel must be called upon by the international community to respect the [...] right of civilians to peaceful protest and to cease its use of excessive, [...] indiscriminate and lethal force against them. daccess-ods.un.org |
可以根据上文推测，保护财产不能作为可使用可 能 致命武力 的 理由，除非这 与保护生命有一定的关联(例如，保护医院，或在破坏可能危及生命的其他情况 [...] 下采取行动，例如核电站等)。 daccess-ods.un.org | It can be surmised from the above that protection of property cannot be [...] invoked as a justification for the use [...] of potentially lethal force unless it is [...]somehow linked to the defence of life (e.g., [...]protecting a hospital or acting in other cases where destruction could endanger lives, as is the case with nuclear plants, etc.). daccess-ods.un.org |
正如给致命武力下的 定义，不需要包括必定打死攻击者，重伤威 胁的严重程度似乎足可以被视为使用 致命武力 的 正 当理由。 daccess-ods.un.org | It seems that, in the same way that certainty [...] of [...] death of the attacker is not required in defining lethal force, a threat of serious injury is regarded as grave enough to justify a response with lethal force. daccess-ods.un.org |
在报告所述期间，达尔富尔混合行动还记录了 21 起指控酷刑、虐待以及任 意使用武力(包括致命武力)的案件。 daccess-ods.un.org | During the reporting period, UNAMID also documented 21 cases of allegations of torture, ill treatment [...] and arbitrary use of force, including lethal force. daccess-ods.un.org |
更为相关的问题是，警 察是否因其身为执法者而拥有使用 致命武力 的 更 大权力，例如在逮捕过程中。 daccess-ods.un.org | The more pertinent question is whether they have [...] additional powers to use lethal force, also [...]in the context of arrest, because of their role as law enforcers. daccess-ods.un.org |
以色列最高法院在 2006 年做出的一项裁决起到 了设定标准的作用，其中裁定，需要考虑特定情形下 使用不足以致命之武力的可能性，以及特定情形是否 需要排除提供逮捕选择而使用 致命武力。 daccess-ods.un.org | A standard-setting 2006 Israeli Supreme Court decision had found that [...] the possibility of [...] using less than lethal force in a given situation required that option to be considered, and whether the particular circumstances required the use of lethal force without an offer [...]of arrest as an option. daccess-ods.un.org |
从一开始，国家就使用过度和 致命武力 对 付 和平示威者，在 国家开展暴力镇压异议行动之后，出现了脱离政府和组建反政府武装团体的情形。 daccess-ods.un.org | The State’s [...] campaign of violently suppressing dissent, which from the outset employed excessive and lethal force against [...]peaceful demonstrators, [...]was followed by defections and the formation of anti-Government armed groups. daccess-ods.un.org |
这些术语有时候可以互换，或者说把相称性理解为包括必要性， 但是，这里将使用以往处理使用 致命武力 问 题 报告员的做法：“相称性的要求是， [...] 根据嫌疑犯对他人造成的威胁程度，对允许使用的武力设立绝对上限，而必要性 的要求则是，不论相称的武力水平如何，都有义务最大限度地降低使用的武力水 平。 daccess-ods.un.org | These terms are sometimes used interchangeably, or proportionality is understood as encompassing necessity, but here the approach followed by the [...] mandate holder in earlier reports dealing [...] with the use of lethal force will be used: [...]“While the proportionality requirement [...]imposes an absolute ceiling on the permissible level of force based on the threat posed by the suspect to others, the necessity requirement imposes an obligation to minimize the level of force applied regardless of the level of force that would be proportionate. daccess-ods.un.org |
根据有关的国家立法，如 1973 年《国家公园和野生动 物保护法》，授权安全部队在没有直接威胁生命的情况下，如对企图逃跑者，均 可使用致命武力。 daccess-ods.un.org | Under the National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act, 1973, the relevant national legislation, security forces are authorized to use lethal force even in a situation where there is no immediate threat to life, such as escape attempts. daccess-ods.un.org |
尽管在叙利亚其他许多地方也发生了示威活动，但是据报告，许多示威活动 由于使用实弹和致命武力并任意逮捕示威者而被驱散。 daccess-ods.un.org | While demonstrations are carried out in many other parts of the country, many [...] have reportedly been broken up with the use of live [...] ammunition and lethal force and the arbitrary [...]arrests of protestors. daccess-ods.un.org |
一些国家采取更接近国际规范的另一种办法，这一做法要求逮捕者在使 用致 命武力之前 有理由相信嫌疑犯构成伤害，但这一做法却没有就原先罪行的严重性 [...] 提出任何要求(这一做法列为模式 4；模式 3 结合了模式 2 和模式 4，下文另述)。 daccess-ods.un.org | Another approach followed by some countries, which is closer to the international norms, is to require the arrestor to have a [...] reasonable belief that the suspect [...] poses harm before lethal force may be used, but [...]not to pose any requirements in respect [...]of the seriousness of the original offence (this will be listed as model 4; model 3 combines models 2 and 4, and will be described immediately hereafter). daccess-ods.un.org |
另一个令 人不安的事态发展是，驻科索沃部队在当天宣布 1号门和 [...] 31号门为限制军事区， 所实施的接战规则包括使用致命武力。 daccess-ods.un.org | Another worrisome development was that on the same [...] day, KFOR declared Gates 1 and 31 restricted military areas, with rules of engagement that [...] include the use of lethal force. daccess-ods.un.org |
占领军的这种做法被称为“摸底”，已导致数百名巴勒斯坦儿童 往往在黑夜中被拘留、审讯、拍照和恐吓，而他们的父母面对占领国的 致命武力却无力制止这种残酷做法。 daccess-ods.un.org | This practice by the occupying forces, referred to as “mapping”, has resulted in the detention, the interrogation, the photographing and the terrorizing of hundreds of Palestinian children, many times in the [...] darkness of night, with their parents helpless to stop this cruelty in [...] the face of the lethal force of the occupying Power. daccess-ods.un.org |
根据这一模式，犯下涉及严重暴力(威胁)的罪行，是使 用 致命 武力的一个必要、但并非充分的条件。 daccess-ods.un.org | Under this model, the commission of a crime [...] involving (the threat of) serious violence is a necessary, but not a [...] sufficient, condition for the use of lethal force. daccess-ods.un.org |
我们发现，各法律制度 在处理警察在逮捕过程中使用这种 致命武力 的 问题方面有多种多样的做法，从过 于放纵到过于限制不一而足。 daccess-ods.un.org | It was found that several alternatives of how legal systems deal with [...] the use of such lethal force during arrest [...]by the police present themselves on a [...]continuum, ranging from the overly permissive to the restrictive. daccess-ods.un.org |
显然，与未来威胁相比，允许在逮捕过程中对持续存在的威胁 使用致命武力，更 符合“保护生命”原则提出的明显而迫在眉睫的威胁的理念， 而且是首选方案。 daccess-ods.un.org | Clearly, allowing the use of lethal force only against an ongoing threat in the context of arrest is easier to reconcile with the ideal of a clear and imminent threat as posed by the “protection of life” principle, than would be the case with a future danger, and the former constitutes the preferred option. daccess-ods.un.org |
2006 年 8 [...] 月，美国司法部发表报告作出结论：(司法部)“既 未发现联邦调查局违反关于使用 致命武力 的 政 策，也未故意任凭奥赫达死亡，(但 [...] 是)的确发现联邦调查局在执行逮捕行动时有不足之处”。 daccess-ods.un.org | In August 2006, a report issued by the United States Department of Justice [...] concluded that it “did not find that the FBI [...] violated the deadly force policy or intentionally [...]allowed Ojeda to die, [but] did [...]find deficiencies in the FBI’s conduct of the arrest operation”. daccess-ods.un.org |
虽然任何一种技术都有可能发生故障，导致致 [...] 命错误，但人们对机器人武器的迅猛发展特别担心的是，为预防无意或其他错误 使用致命武力技术 的情况，保障措施是否被预制在系统中，以及达到多大程度。 daccess-ods.un.org | While any kind of technology has the potential to malfunction and result in lethal error, the particular [...] concern with the rapid [...] development of robotic weapons is whether — and the extent to which — technical [...]safeguards are built into the systems to prevent the inadvertent or otherwise wrongful or mistaken use of lethal force. daccess-ods.un.org |
英汉双解词典包含2273206条英汉词条，基本涵盖了全部常用单词的翻译及用法，是英语学习的有利工具。