| 单词 | 自由化 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 | 自由化—liberalization(almost always used)less common: freeing (from sth) 自由化noun—liberalisationBEnSee also:自由n—freedomn rightn expressionn freedomsn democracyn 由化n—trade liberalizationn
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他们认为， 使信息言论自由化本身就可以成为开辟各种新的信息和知识资源的强大动力。 unesdoc.unesco.org | They felt thatfreeing [...] information andexpression could in itself be a powerful catalyst for the development [...]of a wide range [...]of new information and knowledge sources. unesdoc.unesco.org |
只有找出了这些障碍，教科文组织才能有针对性地开展活动， 铲除这些障碍，而这一自由化进程往往会促进人的发展和物质的发展。 unesdoc.unesco.org | Only when such obstacles had been determined could UNESCO launch activities aimed at their [...] elimination, while unleashing the human and material development that usually [...] followed such a process of liberalization. unesdoc.unesco.org |
贸易自由化能否对发展中国家产 生积极影响，还在很大程度上取决于国际社会对上述措施的支持，并对扭曲贸易 [...] 的政策和措施采取行动。 daccess-ods.un.org | Achieving the positive [...] impact of tradeliberalization on developing [...]countries will also depend to a significant extent on [...]international support for the above measures and actions against policies and practices that distort trade. daccess-ods.un.org |
但是，解决办法不应只局限于便利运输和贸 易，还应包括运输市场自由化、发展基础设施和物流解决办法，如干港。 daccess-ods.un.org | Solutions, however, needed to go beyond just [...] transport and trade facilitation, also [...] coveringthe liberalization oftransport [...]markets, the development of infrastructure, [...]and logistics solutions such as dry ports. daccess-ods.un.org |
此 外，应当加大努力，制定一项全球战略，将发展层面优先纳入全球进程和有关 多边机构，以使发展中国家能够从全球化和贸易自由化所提供的机会中获益， 包括通过为发展创造一个有利的外部经济环境，这要求国际贸易、货币和金融 [...] 体系之间加强一致性，使之具有普遍、开放、平等、非胁迫性、基于规则、可 预测和非歧视性。 daccess-ods.un.org | In addition, greater efforts must be made to generate a global strategy to prioritise and mainstream the development dimension into global processes, and in the relevant multilateral institutions in order to enable developing countries to [...] benefit from the [...] opportunities offered by globalisation and tradeliberalisation,including through [...]the creation of an enabling [...]external economic environment for development which requires greater coherence between the international trading, monetary and financial systems that should be universal, open, equitable, non-coercive, rule-based, predictable and non-discriminatory. daccess-ods.un.org |
讨论，除其他外，探 讨了实现自由化的可能方式(是使用欧洲联盟内部的区域贸易协定中使用的“肯 定列表”方式，根据这一做法只有明确列出的部门将需进行自由化，还是使用美 国在区域贸易协定中使用的“否定列表法”，根据这一做法，认为所有部门已开 放，除非明确列出保留)和预期的承诺水平(例如，处于停顿状态、延长现有区域 贸易协定下最好的承诺或进一步减缩现有的障碍)。 daccess-ods.un.org | Discussions have explored, inter alia, possible [...] approachesto liberalization(whether to use the “positive list” approach used in the regional trade agreements within the European Union, wherein only sectors explicitly so listed will be subjected to liberalization, or a“negative [...]list” approach used [...]in the regional trade agreements within the United States, wherein all sectors are deemed liberalized unless reservation is explicitly listed) and the expected level of commitments (e.g., standstill, extending best commitments under existing regional trade agreements or further rollback of existing barriers). daccess-ods.un.org |
关于贸易问题，宣言的结论是，全球金融危机对发展中国家的影响，暴露了 这些国家过渡强调贸易自由化和缺乏确保贸易能提供发展筹资稳定来源的各种 [...] 机制所造成的脆弱问题。 daccess-ods.un.org | Concerning trade, the declaration concluded that the impact of the global financial crisis on developing countries was exposing [...] vulnerabilities resulting from too much [...] emphasis on the liberalization of trade and [...]a lack of mechanisms for ensuring that [...]trade provided a stable source of development finance. daccess-ods.un.org |
一般来说，在推动 贸易自由化的过程中，应注意避免或减少不利的环境、社会和经济影响，同时确保全 [...] 球发展的成果，以及确保设法解决潜在的损失。 daccess-ods.un.org | In general, when [...] promotingtrade liberalization, care should be [...]taken to avoid or reduce any negative environmental, social [...]and economic impacts, while ensuring global development gains, as well as ways to address potential losses. daccess-ods.un.org |
经社会还认 [...] 识到，在基于规则的多边贸易体系下，贸易自由化的作用能够得到最好的发 挥，但同时又指出，扩大区域贸易和投资合作可有助于减少对西方发达经济 [...]体出口的依赖。 daccess-ods.un.org | While recognizing [...] that trade liberalization wasbest pursued [...]under the rules-based MTS, the Commission noted that expanded [...]regional trade and investment cooperation could reduce dependence on exports to developed Western economies. daccess-ods.un.org |
这一批一体化计划有一些共同的特点：协定 有更广泛的产品覆盖面和“深度”，外国直 接投资自由化；私营部门参与程度提高；并 且，更重要的是，努力在合理保护一体化市 场和切实有效打入国际市场之间实现两头 兼顾。 regionalcommissions.org | This collection of integration schemes shared some common characteristics including: wider product [...] coverage and “depth” of the [...] agreements,liberalization of foreign direct investment (FDI); enhanced participation ofthe private sector [...]and; above all, striving [...]to achieve compatibility between a reasonable protection of the integrated market and the efficient insertion in the international markets. regionalcommissions.org |
还有一项建议要求土库曼斯坦采取措施使媒体自由化并确保多元化，消 除 对 批 评 政 府 的一切 限制，使 人 们 不 用 害 怕 打击报 复 ，制止政府 任命编 辑 和 媒 体 管理人员的做法。 daccess-ods.un.org | A further recommendation requested Turkmenistan to take measures toliberalize and pluralize media and to remove all restrictions on criticizing the Government, without fear of retaliation and to end the practice of government appointment of editors and managers of media. daccess-ods.un.org |
在这种自由化的竞争环境中，发展中国家企业可以不再以进口发达国家的“成熟”技术和在关税 [...] 壁垒前提下生产这些技术为基础去进行竞争。 iprcommission.org | In thisliberalised and competitive [...] environment, firms in developing countries can no longer compete on the basis of importing [...]“mature” technologies from developed countries and producing them behind tariff barriers. iprcommission.org |
随着时间推移，发展中国家之间渔业贸易可能将紧随以下情况而 [...] 增加：新型经济体可支配收入的提高；逐步的贸易自由化；WTO成员国的扩大以及与 水产品贸易强烈相关的大量双边贸易协定的生效而降低高进口关税。 fao.org | Over time, fishery trade between developing countries will probably increase in the wake of rising [...] disposable incomes in emerging economies, [...] gradual trade liberalization andareduction [...]in the high import tariffs following [...]the expanding membership of the WTO, and the entry into force of a number of bilateral trade agreements with strong relevance to the trade in fish. fao.org |
多哈回合在发展方面的谈判应包括：在各种出 口利益领域扩大对加共体地区的市场准入；承认发 [...] 展中国家和发达国家之间的不均衡；对贸易改革和自由化带来的调整关切事项具有敏感度；以及充分 [...]支持并通过弱小经济体集团提出的提案。 daccess-ods.un.org | The development dimension of the Doha Round should include enhanced market access in areas of export interest to the CARICOM region; recognition of asymmetries between developing and developed countries; sensitivity to [...] adjustment concerns resulting from trade [...] reformsand liberalization; andfull support [...]for and adoption of the proposals [...]put forward by groups of small and vulnerable economies. daccess-ods.un.org |
持续的需求、贸易自由化政策、食品系统全球化以及技术创新进一 步整体增加了水产品国际贸易量。 fao.org | Sustained [...] demand, trade liberalization policies, globalizationof food systems [...]and technological innovations have furthered [...]the overall increase in international fish trade. fao.org |
秘书处着重指出，南南贸易有潜力进一步自由化，对中间投入 征收的关税有可能降低，需要正确处理非关税措施，需要一个健全的商业环境和 [...] 有效的政府，以营造有利的环境以提高本国公司对全球网络的吸引力，需要开发 人力资本，还强调了运输和贸易便利化与全球供应链的相关性。 daccess-ods.un.org | The secretariat highlighted the potential [...] for thefurther liberalization of South–South [...]trade and the reduction of tariffs on [...]intermediate inputs, the need to properly address non-tariff measures, the need for a sound business environment and an effective government to establish the enabling environment to make domestic firms more attractive to global networks, the necessity for human capital development, and the relevance of transport and trade facilitation to GSCs. daccess-ods.un.org |
国家内部和外部的主要变革是：一些 国家为克服财政赤字及相关问题实行了财政和管理改革；一些专制或半专制政权 经历了民主化；公共权力被下放；多国形成联合体的情况增加；民间社会组织的 自主性和开展公民活动的积极性不断提高；经济自由化或新自由主义改革；市场 (金融、贸易、服务业、制造业)的全球化以及信息时代的到来；此外还有不断增 加的世界性问题，例如贫穷、不平等、安全、移民、恐怖主义和气候变化。 daccess-ods.un.org | The main changes inside and outside the State were the fiscal and managerial reforms undertaken by States to overcome their fiscal deficits and related problems; the democratization of authoritarian or semi-authoritarian regimes; the decentralization of public power; the rise of multi-State formations; a growing autonomy and civic activism of civil society organizations; economic liberalization or neoliberal reforms; the globalizationof markets (finance, trade, services, manufacturing); and the rise of the information age, in addition to increasing world problems like poverty, inequality, security, migration, terrorism, and climate change. daccess-ods.un.org |
这一时期的特点在于：第 一，在建立和运作两院制议会时加强立法机关的作用，同时两院制议会在通过各 [...] 项法律时应将全国和区域的利益考虑在内；第二，提升政党和民间社会机构对通 过国家最重要决议的作用和影响，提高非政府组织对国家机构进行公众监督的威 [...] 信和意义；第三，实施彻底的改革，旨在使司法体系更加自由化和人性化，将死 刑从刑法中去除，加强司法机构的独立性和有效性；第四，在人权教育领域开展 [...]广泛的教育工作。 daccess-ods.un.org | The following were the characteristic features of this period: first, the increasing role and influence of the legislature, stemming from the establishment and functioning of a bicameral parliament that takes the general interests of the State and the regions into account when adopting legislation; secondly, the increasing role and influence of political parties and civil society institutions in the adoption of critical government decisions and the rising authority and significance of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in the public scrutiny of [...] government activities; thirdly, cardinal [...] reformsto liberalize andhumanize the judicial [...]system, abolish the death penalty [...]and strengthen the independence and effectiveness of the judiciary; and fourthly, extensive human rights information and educational efforts. daccess-ods.un.org |
各国政 [...] 府可在这个领域发挥重要作用，提供必要的政策支助，特别是高质量 的管理框架，以吸引高质量的低碳投资，以及审查各种投资自由化政策和保护政策。 daccess-ods.un.org | Governments could play an important role in that area by providing the necessary policy support, in particular a high-quality regulatory framework [...] for attracting high-quality and low-carbon investment and a review [...] of investmentliberalization and protection [...]policies. daccess-ods.un.org |
认识到通过贸易自由化等方式增加发展中国家的贸易机会，将会改善包括妇 女在内的发展中国家社会的经济状况，这对于农村社区尤其重要 daccess-ods.un.org | Recognizing that enhanced trade [...] opportunities for developing countries, including [...] through trade liberalization, willimprove [...]the economic condition of their societies, [...]including women, which is of particular importance in rural communities daccess-ods.un.org |
波兰是 创始国之一，它的主要职责包括促进国际货 物和服务贸易的自由化，制定支持贸易的投 资政策，解决贸易争端，以及知识产权的保 护等几个方面。 paiz.gov.pl | Poland was one of the founding countries. The main responsibility of the WTO is theliberalisation ofthe international trade of goodsand services, investment policies of trade support, the settlement of trade disputes, and the respect for intellectual property rights. paiz.gov.pl |
取得这些积极成果的一个最有效的 手段是加强国内机构、用于调控和管理贸易自由化进程的法规以及环境和社会保护。 daccess-ods.un.org | One of the most effective means of achieving these positive outcomes is to strengthen domestic [...] institutions and the regulations that govern and [...] manage thetrade liberalizationprocess and [...]environmental and social protection. daccess-ods.un.org |
扩大和深化自由化，结合加强的原产地规 则，并把合作和自由化的范围扩及非关税壁垒、贸易便利化、贸易融资，并最 终扩及服务贸易，可以大幅度提高其潜力。 daccess-ods.un.org | Broadening and deepening liberalization, with enhanced rules of origin, and extending cooperation and liberalization to non-tariff barriers, trade facilitation, trade finance and eventually services trade could significantly enhance its potential. daccess-ods.un.org |
但是，要实现这一点，仅仅贸易自由 化还不够；积极的区域合作也应扩大到政 策领域，以强化增长潜力和结构改革，包括 [...] 货币和金融安排、大型基础设施项目和产 生知识的项目，以及产业政策。 regionalcommissions.org | However, to achieve [...] this,tradeliberalization is notenough; [...]active regional cooperation should also extend to areas of [...]policy that strengthen the potential for growth and structural change, including monetary and financial arrangements, large infrastructure and knowledge-generation projects, and industrial policies. regionalcommissions.org |
意识到全球化和自由化进程虽然为许多国家的妇女创造了就业机会，但也使 得一些妇女，特别是发展中国家妇女，尤其是最不发达国家的妇女，更易遭受经 济波动加剧，包括农业部门经济波动加剧所造成的问题的影响，并意识到必须特 别是向女性小农提供特别支持，增强她们的力量，使她们能够利用农业市场自由 化带来的机会 daccess-ods.un.org | Aware that, while [...] globalization and liberalizationprocesses have created employment opportunities for women in many countries, they have also made some women, especially in developing countries and in particular in the least developed countries, more vulnerable to problems caused by increased economic volatility, including in the agricultural sector, and that special support, particularly for women who are small-scale farmers, and empowerment are necessary to enable them to take advantage of the opportunities arising from agriculturalmarket liberalizationdaccess-ods.un.org |
经济现代化导致：居民就业领域产生结构变化，在人口结构变化(特别是人 [...] 口老龄化)的情况下、最大限度地利用所有可用的劳力资源，劳工关系自由化，工作条件和劳工组织改善。 daccess-ods.un.org | Economic renewal involves structural changes in employment; maximum use of all available labour resources in a time of demographic flux, [...] including, most importantly, the greying of the [...] population; liberalizationof labour relations; [...]and improvement of labour conditions and organization. daccess-ods.un.org |
这一需求增长是由许多因素引起的，其中不仅包括技术的进步，而且 [...] 还包括：世界各地的政治、社会和结构变革及其对电信服务自由化的影响，采 用用于商业通信的非地球静止卫星轨道的卫星系统及科学和无线电导航应用， [...]不断加强市场定向，私营和国有服务提供者之间分享这一正在拓宽的市场的方 [...]式的改变，以及通信系统的普遍全球化和商业化。 daccess-ods.un.org | This increase is attributable to many factors, including not only technological progress, but also political, social and [...] structural changes around the world and their [...] impact on the liberalization of telecommunication [...]services, the introduction of non-geostationary-satellite [...]orbit satellite systems for commercial communications and scientific and radionavigation applications, growing market orientation, the change in the way this widening market is shared between private and State-owned service providers and the general globalization and commercialization of communication systems. daccess-ods.un.org |
有些国家 由于正在实施与国际货币基金组织和/或世界银行达成的一般贸易自由化方案或是区域自 由贸易区的一部分（如南锥体共同市场），因此在实施 ODS 贸易限制方面面临着种种困 难。 multilateralfund.org | Some countries also face difficulties in introducing trade restrictions for ODS because they are implementing a general trade liberalizationprogramme with the IMF and/or the World Bank or are part of a regional free trade zone (e.g. Mercosur). multilateralfund.org |
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