| 单词 | 自下而上 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 | 自下而上—bottom-up自上而下—top-downSee also:下而上—bottom top (of listing) 上下—about up and down top and bottom old and new 上下n—lengthn
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这种自下而上和集体参与的方法带来了变化，对我们的组织产生了重大影 响。 daccess-ods.un.org | This participatory and community-based approach has brought significant change to the organization. daccess-ods.un.org |
因此，由于新资料 的出现，“自上而下”和“自下而上”的估算值之间的差异已经缩小，但并没 有十分接近。 conf.montreal-protocol.org | Consequently the discrepancy between [...] the “top-down” and the “bottom-up” estimates had been [...] narrowed but not quite closed asa result ofthe new information. conf.montreal-protocol.org |
我们都知道风险可能存在于交易流程本身和事务处理的过程中，所以我们要同时运用自上而下和自下而上的方法去识别风险。 deloitte.com | We know that risk can exist in transaction process or in any progress of the transaction, that why we use both top-down and bottom-up way to recognize the risk. deloitte.com |
与会者对新的计划管理周期现采用自上而下和自下而上的互动做法表示满意，预计这 种做法会给地区办事处和全国委员会在拟定下一个计划与预算时以更多的职责，同时一致强 [...] 调指出，为编写文件 C/5 或为被视为教科文组织中主要工作组成部分的任何事项能举行的多 国磋商和地区磋商都不应由参与计划，而应由正常计划项下的其它资源提供资金（参见附件 [...]III 中所附磋商会议通过的决议）。 unesdoc.unesco.org | While expressing their satisfaction thatthe new programme [...] management cycle now allows not only a top-down but also a bottom-up interaction [...]which is expected to give a more important role to field offices and National Commissions in the design of the next programmes and budgets, participants unanimously stressed that cluster and regional consultations for the purpose of the preparation of the C/5 document or for any issue considered to be part and parcel of UNESCO’s core business shall not be funded from the Participation Programme but from other sources under the regular programme (see resolution adopted by the Consultation which is attached as Annex III). unesdoc.unesco.org |
每个行业的氟氯烃消费量采用自上而下（生产者、进口商 和出口商提供的销售数据）和自下而上（消费行业调查）的方式进行估计。 multilateralfund.org | HCFC consumption was estimated through both top-down (sales data from producers, importers and exporters) and bottom-up (consumption sector survey), for each sector. multilateralfund.org |
在此方面，他认为， 采取一种自下而上的方法促进不同群体之间的对话，是旨在促进本区域经济 一体化的一个可行的短期目标，而制定一项覆盖整个亚太区域的协定似应为 一个必要的长期目标。 daccess-ods.un.org | In that context, he suggested that promoting a dialogue between different groups, a bottomup approach, was [...] a feasible shorter-term [...]goal towards broader economic integration in the region, while establishing an agreement encompassing all of Asia and the Pacific could be a long-term goal. daccess-ods.un.org |
多国磋商的目的是在多国办事处一级确定 优先重点需求时引入参与机制，以此促进资金的有效使用，发展跨部门的协同作用，并使自 上而下和自下而上的规划过程产生积极的互动。 unesdoc.unesco.org | The cluster consultations are meant to introduce a more participatory approach in the identification of priority needs [...] at the cluster [...] level and they are expected to foster effective resource utilization, the development of intersectoral synergies and a productive interaction between top-down and bottom-up [...]planning processes. unesdoc.unesco.org |
许多国家支持根据不同国 [...] 家的经验和能力，采取差异性办法来确定目标和目的，这种办法类似于“自下而 上”的办法。 daccess-ods.un.org | A number supported a differentiated approach to defining goals [...] and objectives, based on experience and capacities in different countries, which [...] resembled an approach fromthe ground up. daccess-ods.un.org |
更加系统的自下而上的规划，以及对两年期成果框架的全面审查与强化（这是 SRP 中为加 强注重成果的管理（RBM）所采取措施的措施之一），使我们更加强调实现本组织在 2012/13 年 预期取得的成果，并将这些成果与九大战略目标挂钩。 wipo.int | A more structured bottom-up planning exercise and a comprehensive review and enhancement of the biennial results framework as part of the initiative on Strengthening Results-based Management (RBM) in the SRP, has resulted in a sharper focus on the results to be achieved by the Organization in 2012/13 with clear linkages to the nine Strategic Goals. wipo.int |
举例来说，现有的信息对于使用完整的“自下而 上法”还相当不详尽、不完整，该方法用来估计 [...] 世界范围内特定的适应成本。 undpcc.org | For example, the existing information for [...] using a complete“bottomup approach”, which [...]involves estimating costs of specific [...]adaptations across the world, is far from being comprehensive and complete. undpcc.org |
随着对内容创建和管理更多地采取自下而上的办法，在线内容的问题值得 进一步关注，这种办法因产生的内容为用户友好、用户特定和用户相关而受到 称赞。 daccess-ods.un.org | The issue of online content deserves further attention in the wake of increased bottom-up approaches to content creation and management, lauded for generating content that is user-friendly, user-specific and user-relevant. daccess-ods.un.org |
有必要指出，印度尼西亚在制定氟氯烃淘汰管理计划总体战略时采取了自下而上的方法，这涉及政府与业界密切合作，且经过漫长、深入的咨询，并对消费氟氯烃行业进行 了透彻的次级行业分析，其中涵盖各种氟氯烃的消费模式；选用安全可行、有效的替代技 术；制定务实、可行和协商一致的政策、条例和实施办法，以确保在实现第一阶段履约目 标可利用的时限内淘汰的可持续性和行动的可执行性。 multilateralfund.org | It is important to note that Indonesia adopted a bottom-up approach in developing the overarching HPMP strategy, involving a close collaboration between government and industry and has been a resultof long and intensive consultations and thorough exhaustive sub-sector level analysis of the HCFC consuming sectors that covered HCFC consumption patterns; selection of viable, safe and efficient alternative technologies; practical, workable and consensual policies, regulations and enforcement to ensure sustainability of phase-out and implementability of actions within the limited timeframe available for achieving the Stage-I compliance targets. multilateralfund.org |
此外，列入了原计划没有考虑的两项举措，包 [...] 括对项目第一阶段期间编制的需求说明进行一次广泛的自下而上的审查，以 及 探 索新技术，以此为手段建立更好的界面，在养恤金综合管理系统与成员组织的人 [...]力资源系统和财务系统之间实现发薪系统无缝衔接，并能更好地利用现有的数据 [...]库对缴款的计算进行自动核查，同时建立其他数据质量规程(见 A/66/299，第 14-15 段)。 daccess-ods.un.org | In addition, two initiatives not considered in the original plan were incorporated, including an [...] extensive bottom-up review of the statement [...] of requirementsproduced during the first [...]phase of the project and exploration of [...]new technologies as the means to develop better interfaces that would allow a seamless payroll connection between the integrated pension administration system and member organizations’ human resources and finance systems, and that would enable better use of existing databases to automate verification of contribution calculations and establish other data quality protocols (see A/66/266, paras. 14-15). daccess-ods.un.org |
另一位代表称，原料用途 的问题应与“自上而下”和“自下而上”的排放估算量差异问题区分开。 conf.montreal-protocol.org | Another representative said that the issue of feedstock uses should be kept separate from the issue of the discrepancy in the top-down and bottom-up estimates of emissions. conf.montreal-protocol.org |
据称，媒体报道存在差异主要基于这一理念，即，巴基斯坦危 机的性质是自上而下，而缅甸事件的性质则是自下而上——当 时亦被称作“颜色革命”。 crisisgroup.org | The difference in coverage was reportedly due to a belief that the Pakistan crisis was inflicted in a top-down manner, contrasting with the bottom-up nature of events in Myanmar, whichwere being called a “colour revolution”. crisisgroup.org |
国家应 鼓励自下而上的问责机制，例如，公民报告卡、社会审计和参与性预算制度等。 daccess-ods.un.org | States should encourage bottom-up social accountability [...] mechanisms such as citizen report cards, social audits and participatory budget systems. daccess-ods.un.org |
确保国家机构持续的、自上而下的承诺和有资格开具处方的医生、病人和药剂师自下而上的参与，确保负责任用药原则和政策得到遵守。 fip.org | Ensure sustained, top-downcommitment of national authorities and promote active, bottom-up engagement of prescribers, patients and dispensers to responsible [...] use of medicines principles and policies. fip.org |
在一般 的 意 义上，以人权为基 础 的 发展合作方针承认 人 “ 是其自身 [...] 发展的关键 能 动 者，而不是商品和 服 [...] 务的被动接 受者” ：这些方针强 调 参 与 既 是手段又 是目的；它 们 旨 在 赋 予 权 力 ， 因 此 应当既 采用自上而下，又采用自下 而上的办法；在规 划方案 时通过可计量 的目标 和 指标 后 ，对结果 和进程两 方面都 加以监 测 和评价 ；方案 [...]应 关 注 边 缘 化、处 境 不利和受 排斥群 体，旨 在 减少差异。 daccess-ods.un.org | At a general level, human rights-based approaches to development cooperation recognize people “as key actors in their own development, rather than passive recipients of commodities and services”: they emphasize participation as both a means and a goal; they seek to [...] empower, and thus [...] should combine top-down and bottom-up approaches; both outcomes andprocesses should be monitored and evaluated, followingthe adoption of [...]measurable goals and [...]targets in programming; all stakeholders should be involved in analysis; and the programmes should focus on marginalized, disadvantaged, and excluded groups, and aim at reducing disparity. daccess-ods.un.org |
如果想要有效地打击种 族主义和仇外心理，各国就必须真实地了解自己的 状况并通过教育、交流和对话开展自下而上的行动。 daccess-ods.un.org | If countries wished to combat racism and xenophobia effectively, they should be realistic about their situation and tackle the problem from the bottom up, through education, communication and dialogue. daccess-ods.un.org |
现在的重点应当是执行该协定和进一步开展外联，特 别注重自下而上的方法，同时考虑到索马里社会根深 蒂固的部族体制。 daccess-ods.un.org | Austria commends the signing of the agreement with Ahlu [...] Sunna Wal Jama’a. Now the focus should be [...]on its implementation and further outreach, [...]with a special focus on a bottom-up approach taking into account the firmly rooted clan structure of Somali society. daccess-ods.un.org |
该司深信，如果兢兢业 业地进行自下而上的股票选择和审慎配置资产，基金 将继续为养恤金福利给付奠定稳固基础，而新的风险 [...] 管理软件安装将提供更高一级的安全保障。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Division was confident that, with diligent bottom-up [...] stock selection and prudent asset allocation, the Fund would continue [...]to provide a secure foundation for the payment of pension benefits, while the implementation of new risk management software would provide an additional level of safety. daccess-ods.un.org |
另一名与会者指出，普鲁纳里乌先生认可的“自下而上的办法”可能需要几 十年。 daccess-ods.un.org | Another participant pointed out that the “bottom-up approach” endorsed by Mr. Prunariu could take decades. daccess-ods.un.org |
在科索沃开展的行动 体现了联合国与开发署/联合国志愿人员、人口基金、世卫组织、联合国人权事 务高级专员办事处和儿童基金会联合努力的作用，他们共同支持地方当局、民间 社会和当地社区采用自下而上、以权利不本的办法，恢复基本服务，重建当地经 济并增强社会凝聚力和稳定性。 daccess-ods.un.org | Kosovo has demonstrated the utility of joint United Nations efforts with UNDP/United Nations Volunteers, UNFPA, WHO, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights and UNICEF providing support to local authorities, civil society and local communities in using a bottom-up and rights-based approach to restore basic services, rebuild local economies and increase social cohesion and stability. daccess-ods.un.org |
新加坡公务员制 度通过树立长久经营和持续学习的文化，目的是让其组织模式能够通过自上而下和自下而上的双向渠道形成思想和变革。 daccess-ods.un.org | By fostering an ethic of continuous enterprise and learning, the Singapore Public Service hopes to move [...] towards an organizational model [...] that allows ideas and change to emerge from the bottom of hierarchies as well as from the top. daccess-ods.un.org |
已有方法论可以通过采用案例研究和国家建模来 量化或衡量各种自下而上方法的效益; 其他方法， 例如分配模型或比较分析更适应于自上而下的方法 (Winkler 等 2008)。 undpcc.org | Methodologies are available to quantify or measure the benefits of [...] various bottom-up [...] approaches, using casestudies and national modelling; others such as allocation models or comparative analysis are more suitableto top-down approaches [...](Winkler et al. 2008 ). undpcc.org |
我们在之前章节已经说过，HTML 无法用常规的自上而下或自下而上的解析器进行解析。 html5rocks.com | As we saw in the previous sections, HTML cannot be [...] parsed using the regular top down or bottom up parsers. html5rocks.com |
而区域方案采取的是 一种“自下而上”的办法，确保在外地与会员国就其优先事项进行充分协商， 通过这样做，为毒品和犯罪问题办公室提供技术援助的工作和建立合作伙伴关 系确定明确的目标。 daccess-ods.un.org | The regional programmes, meanwhile, adopt a “bottom up” approach ensuring full consultation with Member States in the field with respect to their priorities and, by so doing, set out clear objectives for the provision of technical assistance by UNODC and for partnership-building. daccess-ods.un.org |
这些指导文件强调自下而上的一体化、 适应规划的参与性和自上而下的方针以及将适应规划和行动纳入国家发展。 daccess-ods.un.org | These guidance documents emphasize the integration of bottom-up, participatory and top-down approaches to adaptation planning, as well as the integration of adaptation planning and action into national development. daccess-ods.un.org |
在中东问题四方规定的时限内 为政治方面建立一个可信的进程，将有助于维持捐助 界对自下而上建立一个巴勒斯坦国的平行努力的承 诺。 daccess-ods.un.org | A credible process for the political track, within the time frame set by the Middle East Quartet, will help to sustain the donor community’s commitment to the parallel effort to build a Palestinian State from the bottom up. daccess-ods.un.org |
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