| 单词 | 自上而下 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 | 自上而下—top-down自下而上—bottom-upSee also:上下—about up and down top and bottom old and new 下而上—bottom top (of listing) 上下n—lengthn
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另一位代表称，原料用途 的问题应与“自上而下”和“自下而上”的 排放估算量差异问题区分开。 conf.montreal-protocol.org | Another representative said that the issue of feedstock uses should be kept separate from the issue of the discrepancy in the top-down and bottom-up estimates of emissions. conf.montreal-protocol.org |
因此，由于新资料 的出现，“自上而下”和“自下而上”的估算值之间的差异已经缩小，但并没 有十分接近。 conf.montreal-protocol.org | Consequently the discrepancy between [...] the “top-down” and the “bottom-up” estimates had been [...] narrowed but not quite closed asa result ofthe new information. conf.montreal-protocol.org |
但如果仅是自 上而下的做法，那是注定会失败的，因为它不会反映本组织业务第一线的人们的 结论。 daccess-ods.un.org | In the case of atop-down approach alone, it would be doomed [...] to failure, as it would not reflect the findings of people [...]at the forefront of the organization’s operations. daccess-ods.un.org |
我们都知道风险可能存在于交易流程本身和事务处理的过程中，所以我们要同时运用自上而下和自下而上的方法去识别风险。 deloitte.com | We know that risk can exist in transaction process or in any progress of the transaction, that why we use both top-down and bottom-up way to recognize the risk. deloitte.com |
每个行业的氟氯烃消费量采用自上而下（生产者、进口商 和出口商提供的销售数据）和自下而上（消费行业调查）的方式进行估计。 multilateralfund.org | HCFC consumption was estimated through both top-down (sales data from producers, importers and exporters) and bottom-up (consumption sector survey), for each sector. multilateralfund.org |
与会者对新的计划管理周期现采用自上而下和自下而上的互动做法表示满意，预计这 种做法会给地区办事处和全国委员会在拟定下一个计划与预算时以更多的职责，同时一致强 [...] 调指出，为编写文件 C/5 或为被视为教科文组织中主要工作组成部分的任何事项能举行的多 国磋商和地区磋商都不应由参与计划，而应由正常计划项下的其它资源提供资金（参见附件 [...]III 中所附磋商会议通过的决议）。 unesdoc.unesco.org | While expressing their satisfaction thatthe new programme [...] management cycle now allows not only a top-down but also a bottom-up interaction [...]which is expected to give a more important role to field offices and National Commissions in the design of the next programmes and budgets, participants unanimously stressed that cluster and regional consultations for the purpose of the preparation of the C/5 document or for any issue considered to be part and parcel of UNESCO’s core business shall not be funded from the Participation Programme but from other sources under the regular programme (see resolution adopted by the Consultation which is attached as Annex III). unesdoc.unesco.org |
多国磋商的目的是在多国办事处一级确定 优先重点需求时引入参与机制，以此促进资金的有效使用，发展跨部门的协同作用，并使自 上而下和自下而上的规划过程产生积极的互动。 unesdoc.unesco.org | The cluster consultations are meant to introduce a more participatory approach in the identification of priority needs [...] at the cluster [...] level and they are expected to foster effective resource utilization, the development of intersectoral synergies and a productive interaction between top-down and bottom-up [...]planning processes. unesdoc.unesco.org |
这项研究的方 法是由下而上地分析近来发生的空间安全事件，然后自上而下地分析一些航天国 家的官方计划和实力。 daccess-ods.un.org | The study’s methodology was to perform a bottom-up analysis of recent space security events and then perform a top-down analysis of the official programmes and capabilities of a few spacefaring states. daccess-ods.un.org |
包裹立面的灰色铝板在呼应工业建筑特征的同时，还以随机的方式自上而下地分布穿孔图案。 chinese-architects.com | The tower was wrapped in an aluminium grey facade echoing characteristicsof industrial buildings, with a random distribution of perforated patterns from top tobottom. chinese-architects.com |
成果管理制的基础是一个自上而下逐级落实各要素的系统，其基本“假设条 件是从投入到产出再到结果的逻辑层次或因果关系链条”(A/63/268，第 3 段)。 daccess-ods.un.org | The foundation of results-based management consists of a system of cascading elements that builds upon the “assumption of a logical hierarchy or chain of causeand-effect relationships from inputs through outputs to outcomes” (A/63/268, para. 3). daccess-ods.un.org |
确保国家机构持续的、自上而下的承诺和有资格开具处方的医生、病人和药剂师自下而上的参与，确保负责任用药原则和政策得到遵守。 fip.org | Ensure sustained, top-downcommitment of national authorities and promote active, bottom-up engagement of prescribers, patients and dispensers to responsible [...] use of medicines principles and policies. fip.org |
除全国性调查之外，各国还利用其他各种来源的数据，例如来自统计部的 普查数据；海关和进口商的进口数据；许可证制度方面的信息；该国过去报告的第 7 条和 国家方案数据，以交叉核对并确认来自最终用户、进口商和维修工场的数据，从而采取自 上而下和自下而上的办法来收集数据。 multilateralfund.org | Apart from the nationwide survey, each country also used various other sources such as census data from the statistics department, import data from the customs and importers, information from the licensing system, Article 7 and country programme (CP) data reported by the country in the past to cross-check and confirm the data from the end-users, importers, and the servicing workshops, which allowed for both a top-down and bottomup approach for data collection. multilateralfund.org |
一些人认为它过分受 捐助者驱动，自上而下，因此不能充分听取最终受益者的意见。 daccess-ods.un.org | Some havedismissed it as excessively donor-driven and top-down, andtherefore as insufficiently informed by the views of the ultimate beneficiaries. daccess-ods.un.org |
把执行平衡计分卡自上而下地逐级实行到国家办事处以及实 行针对总部的平衡计分卡，是两项显着的成绩。 daccess-ods.un.org | The implementation of an Executive Balanced Scorecard that [...] has beencascaded downwardinto country offices, [...]and Headquarters-specific Balanced [...]Scorecards, are noteworthy achievements. daccess-ods.un.org |
自上而下的复古画面让人看起来觉的不安，你需要良好的操作才能通关。 project-zomboi...n.uptodown.com | Graphics, viewed from a top-down view and retro look give that sense of unease you'll need to play this good game. project-zomboi...n.uptodown.com |
据称，媒体报道存在差异主要基于这一理念，即，巴基斯坦危 机的性质是自上而下，而缅甸事件的性质则是自下而上——当 时亦被称作“颜色革命”。 crisisgroup.org | The difference in coverage was reportedly due to a belief that the Pakistan crisis was inflicted in a top-down manner, contrasting with the bottom-up nature of events in Myanmar, whichwere being called a “colour revolution”. crisisgroup.org |
通过军队自上而下的干预以及北基伍省长的干预，儿童 保护科得以谈判解决把 20 名儿童从已开展的军事行动中撤离出来的问题。 daccess-ods.un.org | Through the military hierarchy and intervention with the Governor of North Kivu, the Child Protection Section was able to negotiate the separation of 20 children before military operations started. daccess-ods.un.org |
在一般 的 意 义上，以人权为基 础 的 发展合作方针承认 人 “ 是其自身 [...] 发展的关键 能 动 者，而不是商品和 服 [...] 务的被动接 受者” ：这些方针强 调 参 与 既 是手段又 是目的；它 们 旨 在 赋 予 权 力 ， 因 此 应当既 采用自上而下，又采用自下 而上的办法；在规 划方案 时通过可计量 的目标 和 指标 后 ，对结果 和进程两 方面都 加以监 测 和评价 ；方案 [...]应 关 注 边 缘 化、处 境 不利和受 排斥群 体，旨 在 减少差异。 daccess-ods.un.org | At a general level, human rights-based approaches to development cooperation recognize people “as key actors in their own development, rather than passive recipients of commodities and services”: they emphasize participation as both a means and a goal; they seek to [...] empower, and thus [...] should combine top-down and bottom-up approaches; both outcomes andprocesses should be monitored and evaluated, followingthe adoption of [...]measurable goals and [...]targets in programming; all stakeholders should be involved in analysis; and the programmes should focus on marginalized, disadvantaged, and excluded groups, and aim at reducing disparity. daccess-ods.un.org |
(d) 建立自上而下的信息共享机制，旨在及时了解文化财产的犯罪和破坏 情况，同时采取及时行动。 daccess-ods.un.org | (d) Built an information [...] sharing system from top downaiming to keep [...]up with the situations of offences and destruction [...]of the cultural properties and it could take timely actions. daccess-ods.un.org |
应避免一些全球纵向基金自上而下决策 等负面特征，避免平行计划、制度和管理 结构。 daccess-ods.un.org | Some negative features of certain global [...] vertical funds, such as top-down decisionmaking, [...]and parallel plans, systems and management structures should be avoided. daccess-ods.un.org |
缅甸的执行机构和立法机构之间的紧张关系日益加 剧，吴登盛总统正尽力巩固自己的地位，昂山素季 也努力适应着自己的新角色，西方国家在实施了几 [...] 十年的隔离制裁政策后又重新与缅甸政府接触，这 些日益错综复杂的政治局势使得缅甸只能自上而下地加强改革。 crisisgroup.org | The reforms are being consolidated from the top down as the political landscape becomes more complex, with growing tensions between the executive and the legislature, President Thein Sein working to consolidate his position, Aung San Suu Kyi growing [...] into her new role, and Western governments re-engaging after [...] decades ofkeeping their distance dueto sanctions [...]policies. crisisgroup.org |
为 确 保 安 全 生产工 作 ， 本 集 团 [...] 严 格 按 照 矿 山 生产的相关 法 律 法 规要求 ， 建 立 、 健 全 安 全 生产管 理 体 系，自 上 而 下逐步形 成 了一个 职能健 全 、 指挥有 效 、 反 应 快 速 的 安 全 生 产 组 织 体 系 ； [...]通过安 全 生产制 度 化 、 标 准 [...]化 建 设 ， 层层落 实安全 生产任 务 指 标 ， 做 好 安 全 隐 患 排 查 治 理 ， 有 效 提 高 了 公 司 的 安 全 管 理 水 平 。 cre8ir.com | An all-round, comprehensive, effective and [...] quick-reacting system that controlled production safety was gradually established. The Company’s standard of productionsafety control [...]was enhanced by [...]institutionalization of the safety control system; standardization of construction work procedures and elimination of potential safety issues with preventive measures by fulfilling the safety control duty at every tier of the Company. cre8ir.com |
已有方法论可以通过采用案例研究和国家建模来 量化或衡量各种自下而上方法的效益; 其他方法， 例如分配模型或比较分析更适应于自上而下的方法 (Winkler 等 2008)。 undpcc.org | Methodologies are available to quantify or measure the benefits of [...] various bottom-up [...] approaches, using casestudies and national modelling; others such as allocation models or comparative analysis are more suitableto top-down approaches [...](Winkler et al. 2008 ). undpcc.org |
新加坡公务员制 度通过树立长久经营和持续学习的文化，目的是让其组织模式能够通过自上而下和自下而上的双向渠道形成思想和变革。 daccess-ods.un.org | By fostering an ethic of continuous enterprise and learning, the Singapore Public Service hopes to move [...] towards an organizational model [...] that allows ideas and change to emerge from the bottom of hierarchies as well as from the top. daccess-ods.un.org |
我们在之前章节已经说过，HTML 无法用常规的自上而下或自下而上的解析器进行解析。 html5rocks.com | As we saw in the previous sections, HTML cannot be [...] parsed using the regular top down or bottom up parsers. html5rocks.com |
价值观、诚信感及团队合作等都很重要，每个银行都需以简洁、明晰的条款来定义自身文化，并确保其员工自上而下都能 严格遵守其原则。 china.blackstone.com | Values, integrity and teamwork all matter and each bank needs to define its culture in succinct, lucid terms and ensure that all its employees, from the top down, adhere to its tenets. blackstone.com |
大家就如何促进这种反叙述作法交换了各种意见，但出现 了一个明确的想法是，“基层”的工作是至关重要的，而且自上而下的方法不是 很有效，但与政府当局开展间接合作可以是有益的。 daccess-ods.un.org | Various ideas were exchanged as to how to promote such counter-narratives, but one clear idea that emerged was that working at the grass-roots level is crucial and thatatop-down approach is not as effective, although indirect collaboration with Government authorities can be helpful. daccess-ods.un.org |
这些指导文件强调自下而上的一体化、 适应规划的参与性和自上而下的方针以及将适应规划和行动纳入国家发展。 daccess-ods.un.org | These guidance documents emphasize the integration of bottom-up, participatory and top-down approaches to adaptation planning, as well as the integration of adaptation planning and action into national development. daccess-ods.un.org |
我们迫切需要一个进程，以加强 自上而下办法与 自下而 上办法之间的平衡，从而实现发展、和平、安全和尊重人权，目标是确保人人过 上有尊严的生活。 daccess-ods.un.org | We urgently need a process that will enhance a balance between top-down and bottom-up approaches towards development, peace, security and respecting humanrights,with the goal of ensuring everyone a life of dignity. daccess-ods.un.org |
把握关键性人力与决策的管控与整合：建立与专业第三方的合作联盟，弥补中国企业自身专业跨国投资并购人才不足的弊病，科学评估并完善全球化决策与管控体系，推动海外人力资源互动化、融合化，同时自上而下，让总裁推动融合企业文化。 rolandberger.com.cn | Command and integrate the key human resources and decisions: Establish a cooperation alliance with a professional third party to make up for the lack of Chinese companies with professional M & A talents; scientifically evaluate and improve the globalization-oriented decision making and governance system; integrate all favorable aspects to promote interaction and integration of overseas human resources; and at the same time, promote the integration of corporate culture,starting with the President. rolandberger.com.cn |
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