| 单词 | 美国最高法院 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 | 美国最高法院 —Supreme Court of the United StatesSee also:法国法 n—French law n 最高法院—supreme court 法院 n—court n • courts pl 法院法—Courts Act
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里程碑式的判决、尤其是 美国最高法院 的 判 决， 确立了维护非洲人后裔等少数民族不受歧视权的法律基准。 daccess-ods.un.org | Landmark decisions, especially [...] those of the United States Supreme Court, have established legal benchmarks [...]in upholding the right [...]to non-discrimination for racial minorities such as people of African descent. daccess-ods.un.org |
但是，最后该公司输了这场官司，2001 年 美国最高法院判决 该沉船属于西班牙，因为西班牙从未放弃过对此战舰的所有权。 unesdoc.unesco.org | However, it finally lost the case in 2001 as the US Supreme Court ruled that [...] the wreck belonged to Spain, which did never [...]abandon title to this warship. unesdoc.unesco.org |
这幅 19 世纪晚期的 儿童版副本属于美国 最高法院法官 奥利弗·温德尔·霍尔姆斯所有。 wdl.org | This copy of a late-19th century children’s edition belonged to U.S. Supreme Court Justice Oliver [...] Wendell Holmes. wdl.org |
Ma先生有美国最高法院和夏 威夷州最高法院颁发的律师执照。 tipschina.gov.cn | Mr. Ma is licensed [...] before the United States Supreme Court and the Supreme Court of [...]the State of Hawaii. tipschina.gov.cn |
在 Otter tail Power 公司诉美国的案 件中，美国最高法院裁定 ，一家垄断企业控 制着某设施或财产，而其他公司只有获得了 [...] 该设施或财产才可以开展竞争，在这种情况 下，垄断企业有义务以非歧视性的条件允许 他人获得这种设施（Rahnasto, 2003,p.144）。 cgfwatch.org | In Otter tail Power [...] Co v. the United States, the US Supreme Court ruled that [...]a dominant firm that controls an infrastructure [...]or an asset that other companies need to make use of in order to compete has the obligation to make the facility available on nondiscriminatory terms (Rahnasto, 2003, p. 144). cgfwatch.org |
今年美国最高法院听取 了这样一项讼案，诉讼方认为《1998 年著作权期 限延长法案》违反了《美国宪法》明令规定的保护必须“有限”的条款，并宣称延长现有 [...] 著作的保护期限没有任何激励作用，而且违背了《美国宪法》有关垄断权的交换要求，即 授予垄断权应以获取公众利益为交换。 iprcommission.org | This year the US Supreme Court is hearing [...] a case that challenges the 1998 Copyright Term Extension Act on the grounds that [...]it violates the Constitution which specifies that protection must be for “limited Times”. iprcommission.org |
不仅如此，授予知识产权的目的， 不仅仅是帮助创造者获取利益，更是通过 [...] （鼓励）创造者和发明者来为公共利益服 务。19 因此，在一个重要的案例中，美国最 高法院作出 了如下表述：“宪法和国会在授 予专利以垄断权的时候，是想用它来交换有 [...]用的发明，从而为公众服务。 cgfwatch.org | Moreover, IPRs are granted to serve public interests through inventors and creators and not just to benefit [...] them.19 Thus, in an [...] important case, the US Supreme Court stated that “[T]he [...]basic quid pro quo contemplated by the Constitution and the Congress for granting a patent monopoly [...]is the benefit derived by the public from an invention with substantial utility. cgfwatch.org |
根据第 60/180 号决议第 4 段(a)至(d)，二十四个国家已经当选或被遴选为 建设和平委员会组织委员会成员：安全理事会甄选 中 国 、 法国 、 加蓬、墨西哥、 俄罗斯联邦、大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合 王 国 和 美 利 坚 合众国担任委员会成员；经 济及社会理事会选举澳大利亚、巴西、埃及、几内亚比绍、摩洛哥、波兰和大韩 民国担任成员；加拿大、德国、日本、荷兰和瑞典作为从向联 合 国 预 算 分摊会费 最高以及向联合国各基 金、方案和机构、包括向建设和平常设基金自愿捐助最多 的 10 个国家中遴选出成员；孟加拉国、印度、尼泊尔、尼日利亚和巴基斯坦作 为从向联合国特派团派遣军事人员和民警最多的 10 个国家中遴选出的成员。 daccess-ods.un.org | Pursuant to paragraphs 4 (a) to (d) of resolution 60/180, 24 States had already been elected and/or selected as members of the Organizational [...] Committee of the [...] Peacebuilding Commission: China, France, Gabon, Mexico, Russian Federation, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and United States of America selected by the Security Council; Australia, Brazil, Egypt, Guinea-Bissau, Morocco, Poland and Republic of Korea elected by the Economic and Social Council; Canada, Germany, Japan, Netherlands and Sweden selected by and from among the top 10 providers of assessed [...]contributions to United [...]Nations budgets and of voluntary contributions to United Nations funds, programmes and agencies, including a standing peacebuilding fund; and Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Nigeria and Pakistan selected by and from among the top 10 providers of military personnel and civilian police to United Nations missions. daccess-ods.un.org |
2008 年 4 月 10 日最高法院裁决，根据 2002 年 7 月 25 日有关打击极端分子 活动的第 114-FZ 号联邦法的规定，禁止 Nurdjular 国际宗教组织在俄罗斯联邦 境内开展活动。 daccess-ods.un.org | By a decision of the Supreme Court of 10 April 2008, the activities of the international religious organization Nurdjular in the territory of the Russian Federation were [...] prohibited on the grounds [...]provided for in Federal Act No. 114-FZ of 25 July 2002 on combating extremist activities. daccess-ods.un.org |
有鉴于欧共体法院（CJEC）和法国最高 上 诉 法 院 对 综 合性 社会纳费和社会债务补偿纳费的立场，国际公务员委员会 决定将这两种纳费从工作人员工资调查中所考虑的净薪酬 计算中剔除，在计算自 2000 年 1 月 1 日起的工资表时参照 了这项决定。 unesdoc.unesco.org | In view of the stand taken by the Court of Justice of the European Communities (CJEC) and the French Court of Cassation [...] in respect of the [...]CSG and CRDS, ICSC decided to exclude the CSG and CRDS from the calculation of the net remuneration taken into consideration in the staff salary survey, and that decision was taken into account in the calculation of the salary scale as from 1 January 2000. unesdoc.unesco.org |
鉴于最高法院关于 “短期拘留”不符合宪法的2005 年裁决以及任意拘留问题工 作组将短拘划定为任意拘留类行为，缔 约 国 应 采取一切必要措施，在联邦和州两 级的立法和实践中废止“短期”拘留。 daccess-ods.un.org | In the light of the 2005 decision of the Supreme Court regarding the unconstitutionality of “arraigo penal” and its classification as arbitrary detention by the Working Group [...] on Arbitrary Detention, [...]the State party should take all necessary measures to remove “arraigo” detention from legislation and practice at both federal and state levels. daccess-ods.un.org |
本国家报告由外交部根据司法部、内务部、劳动和社会保障部、卫生部、教 育部、文化部、信息部、经济部、住房和公共事业部、农业和粮食部、体育和旅 游部、宪法法院、最高法院、总 检察院、宗教和民族事务专员办事处、国家统计 委员会、国家科学院、国家立 法和法律研究中心、白俄罗斯共和国总统办公厅下 属信息分析中心提交的材料制订。 daccess-ods.un.org | This report was prepared by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs from data supplied by the Ministries of Justice, the Interior, Labour and Social Welfare, Health, Education, Culture, Information, the Economy, [...] Housing and Public [...] Services, Agriculture and Food and Sport and Tourism, the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court, the Office of the Procurator-General, the Office of the Commissioner [...]for Religious [...]and Ethnic Affairs, the National Statistical Committee, the National Academy of Sciences, the National Centre of Legislative and Legal Research and the Information and Analytical Centre attached to the Executive Office of the President of the Republic of Belarus. daccess-ods.un.org |
2005 年，在解决生活水准问题时， 最高法院 所 属 高级 法 院 裁 定 ， 国 家有义务维持一道“安全网”，以确保贫困人口的生活条件不致恶化到因缺少粮食、住 [...] 所、卫生设施、保健服务等而无法生存的地步(H.C.J 366/03, 致力于和平与社会 正义协会诉财政部长案)。 daccess-ods.un.org | In 2005, while addressing the issue of standard [...] of living, the Supreme Court residing as High Court of Justice held that [...]the State is obligated to [...]maintain a ‘safety net’ designed to ensure that the condition of the underprivileged would not deteriorate to one of existential deprivation in the sense of a shortage in food, places of residency, sanitation, health-care services and such (H.C.J 366/03 The Commitment to Peace and Social Justice Association v. The Minister of Finance). daccess-ods.un.org |
委员会提请涉及国政府注意，委员会绝对无意充 当 国 际 最高法院 ， 而 只是完全出于人 道主义的原因，试图与涉及国建立对话，以便在所称受害者在教科文组织主管领域中的人权 [...] 受到损害时，和它们一起研究可能为这些受害者做哪些有利的事情 ( 136 EX/3 [...]PRIV.第 208 段和 152 EX/3 PRIV.第 139 段 ) 。 unesdoc.unesco.org | The Committee decided to remind the government concerned that the Committee had no ambition [...] whatsoever to assume the authority of [...] an international supreme court, but was simply [...]endeavouring, for purely humanitarian [...]reasons, to initiate a dialogue with the governments concerned in order to discuss what might be done on behalf of alleged victims in cases in which their human rights might have been violated in UNESCO’s fields of competence (136 EX/3 PRIV. unesdoc.unesco.org |
在一些司法辖区，例如沙特阿拉伯，外国 人，通常是非洲裔人，被判处死刑的人数比例特 别 高 ， 而 在 美国 ， 最 严 重 的种族 差异与被告的种族没有关系，而是与受害者的种族有关。 daccess-ods.un.org | In some jurisdictions, such as Saudi Arabia, foreign nationals, often of African descent, were sentenced to death in disproportionate numbers, while in the United States, the strongest racial disparity is [...] related not to the race [...]of the defendant but rather to the race of the victim. daccess-ods.un.org |
以下发言者作了发言：佩特科·德拉加诺夫先生，贸发会议副秘书长；古 巴代表，代表 77 国集团和中国发言；尼泊尔代表，代 表 最 不 发 达国家发言；孟 加拉国代表，代表亚洲集团发言；埃及代表，代表非洲集团发言；比利时代表， 代表欧洲联盟发言；多米尼加共和国代表，代表拉 丁 美 洲 和加勒比国家集团发 言；美利坚合众国代表 ；中国代表；土耳其代表；莱索托代表 ； 法国 代 表 ；埃 塞俄比亚代表；泰国代表；委内瑞拉玻利瓦尔共和国代表；也门代表；以及安 哥拉代表。 daccess-ods.un.org | The following speakers made statements: Mr. Petko Draganov, Deputy Secretary-General of UNCTAD; the representative of Cuba, speaking on behalf of the Group of 77 and China; the representative [...] of Nepal, speaking on [...] behalf of the Least Developed Countries (LDCs); the representative of Bangladesh, speaking on behalf of the Asian Group; the representative of Egypt, speaking on behalf of the African Group; the representative of Belgium, speaking on behalf of the European Union; the representative of the Dominican Republic, speaking on behalf of the Group of Latin American and Caribbean Countries (GRULAC); the representative of the United States of America; the representative of China; the representative of Turkey; the representative of Lesotho; the representative of France; the representative [...]of Ethiopia; the representative [...]of Thailand; the representative of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela; the representative of Yemen; and the representative of Angola. daccess-ods.un.org |
然而，行预咨委会从执行情况报告 [...] 中注意到，虽然特派团继续为编制选民登记册更新版提供协助，但在本报告所述 期间，因为立法拖延以及刚果民主共 和 国最高法院 决 定 延长选举过程至成立全国 独立选举委员会，并没有举行地方选举(见 [...]A/64/583，第 10 和 24 段)。 daccess-ods.un.org | However, the Committee notes from the performance report that, while the Mission continued to provide assistance in the preparation of the update of the voter registry, local elections were not organized during [...] the performance period owing to legislative [...] delays and to the decision of the Supreme Court of the Democratic [...]Republic of the [...]Congo to extend the electoral process until the establishment of the National Independent Electoral Commission (see A/64/583, paras. 10 and 24). daccess-ods.un.org |
为改善司法系统的效率和对司法的运用，该部采取了各种行动编纂法律文 件，把与人权(《国籍法》、与艾滋病毒/艾滋病感染者有关的法律)、改进司法机 关的运转(属人法司法机关法律、设立执行法官的法律、正在制定的旨在 将 最高 法院转变为最高上诉法院的法律文件、关于监狱管理人员地位的法令等)以及重 振法官职能(法官地位法律)有关的宪法条款 和 国 际 条 款考虑在内。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Ministry is working to codify legislation that takes account of constitutional and international provisions on human rights (Nationality Code, act on people living with HIV/AIDS), the need to improve the functioning of [...] the courts (act on personal [...] status courts, act instituting judges responsible for the execution of sentences, legislation being developed to change the Supreme Court to a court of cassation, decree on the status of prison officials, etc.) and to revitalize the work of the members of the judiciary (Status of the Judiciary Act) with the aim of improving the efficiency of the legal system and access to justice. daccess-ods.un.org |
由于国际性法院的具 体性质，所产生的另一个挑战是需要将不同的法官组合 成一个新的整体，其中每个人都有着不同的文化和法律背景：一些法官来自 英美 法系国家，其他法官来自罗马日耳曼法系或其他传统的国家；一些法官是刑事律 师，其他人则主要熟悉国际法；一些人以前有过司法经验，其他人则没有。 daccess-ods.un.org | Another challenge arising from the [...] specific nature of international courts is the need to amalgamate various judges in order to establish a new whole, made up of individuals with different cultural and legal backgrounds: some judges come from common-law countries, others from States with Romano-Germanic [...]or other traditions; [...]some judges are criminal lawyers, while others are familiar primarily with international law; some have previous judicial experience, while others do not. daccess-ods.un.org |
缔约 国称，根据《民事诉讼法》， 最高法院 副 院 长拥有与 最 高法院 院 长 相同的权利， 可以同意或不同意下级法院的决定。 daccess-ods.un.org | It submits that under the Civil Procedure Code, the Deputy Chairman of the Supreme Court has the same right as the Chairman of the Supreme Court to agree or to disagree with a lower court’s decision. daccess-ods.un.org |
相应的裁决被上诉至爱尔兰和意大利 的 最高法院 ， 两家法院均支持各自 下级法院的裁定，即相应国家是 Eurofoods 的主要利益中心。 daccess-ods.un.org | The respective decisions were appealed to the highest courts in Ireland and Italy, both courts affirming the [...] determination of their lower courts that [...]each respective country was the centre of Eurofoods’ main interests. daccess-ods.un.org |
欧盟/禁毒办短期计划设想向司法部门提供培训和指导帮助，提供海洋法 和跨界调查方面的专门培训，出席会议和上课，资助 外 国 证 人为海盗审判作证的 旅费，为受审的嫌犯提供法律代理，为海盗审判提供口译和记录服务，改善高级 法院的设施和基础设施，包括犯人候审空间，物证储存地， 在 最高法院 提 供 安全 的被告席，花钱雇用更多的法院安保服务，必要的法律资源和材料，以及视频链 接技术。 daccess-ods.un.org | The short-term European Union/UNODC programme envisages training and mentoring support to the judiciary, specialized training in the law of the sea and cross-border investigations, attendance at conferences and courses, support for the cost of travel for foreign witnesses to testify in piracy trials, provision of legal representation for suspects at trials, provision of [...] interpretation and [...] transcription services for piracy trials, improvement of the High Court facilities and infrastructure, including the prisoner holding capacity and storage area for exhibits, provision of secure docks in the Supreme Court, and procurement of additional court security services, [...]essential legal [...]resources and materials, as well as video link technology. daccess-ods.un.org |
这一专题讨论小组的成员如下：成蹊大学国际问题研究生院荣誉教授 Ryokichi Hirono 先生、印度能源与资源研究所权力下放式能源解决办法专 题项目主任 [...] Akanksha Chaurey 女士、城市网秘书长及菲律宾拉乌尼翁圣费 尔南多市前市长 Mary Jane Ortega [...] 女士、以及孟加拉国环保律师协会执行 主任兼孟加拉国最高法院注册律师 Syeda Rizwana Hasan 女士。 daccess-ods.un.org | The panel members were: Mr. Ryokichi Hirono, Professor emeritus at the Graduate School of International Studies, Seikei University; Ms. Akanksha Chaurey, Director of Decentralised Energy Solutions at The Energy and Resources Institute, India; Ms. Mary Jane Ortega, Secretary-General of CITYNET and former mayor of San Fernando, La Union, Philippines; and Ms. Syeda Rizwana Hasan, Chief [...] Executive of the Bangladesh Environmental Lawyers’ Association and an [...] enrolled lawyer of the Supreme Court of Bangladesh. daccess-ods.un.org |
人权事务委员会还对有关酷刑和残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或惩处的 [...] 报告不断深表关注，还注意到，由于长期采用隔离拘留，特别是在涉 及 最高国家 安全法院的案 件，以及安全或情报部门的案件中采用隔离拘留，从而助长了上述 [...]做法。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Human Rights Committee also expressed its concern at continuing reports of torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, practices that it found to be facilitated by the resort to prolonged incommunicado [...] detention, especially in cases of [...] concern to the Supreme State Security Court, and by the [...]security or intelligence services. daccess-ods.un.org |
鉴于非常缺少有关此案件的资料，因此，委员会请涉 及 国 政 府 提供有关重判所称受害 者之确切理由的补充情况，尤其是关于他是否仅以和平手段行使其言论自由权利，还是鼓吹 暴力这一问题的补充情况，而且提供关于当事人能否 向 最高法院 上 诉 的补充情况 （130 EX/3 PRIV.第 135 段）。 unesdoc.unesco.org | The Committee decided to request the government concerned, in view of the [...] extreme inadequacy of [...] the information available on this case, to provide further particulars, firstly, regarding the precise grounds for the severe sentence passed on the alleged victim, and in particular as to whether he had simply made peaceful use of his right to freedom of expression or whether he had advocated violence, and, secondly, regarding the opportunities open to him to lodge [...]an appeal (130 EX/3 PRIV., para. 135). unesdoc.unesco.org |
罗文大学库珀医学院（美国新泽 西州库珀大学医院）的医学教授Andrea Russo博士介绍了关于植入型心脏除颤器（ICD） 疗 法 在 女性患者中使用的优势的研究成果。 tipschina.gov.cn | Dr. Andrea Russo, Professor [...] of Medicine at Cooper Medical School of Rowan University (Cooper University Hospital, New Jersey, USA), presented findings about the benefits of implantable cardioverter [...]defibrillator (ICD) therapy in women. tipschina.gov.cn |
9 代表团会见 了最高法院的代表，并列席了宪法法院的全体会议。它还参观了阿 波 美 法 院，并 与检察官进行了交谈，以讨论被司法机关剥夺自由的人的待遇问题。 daccess-ods.un.org | It also visited the Palais de Justice in Abomey and spoke with its Prosecutor (Procureur) in order to discuss the treatment [...] of persons deprived of [...]their liberty by the judiciary. daccess-ods.un.org |
美国政府在对法官贝兹的裁决提出上诉时，通 知法 院，美国政府已经在巴格拉姆采取了一项新的审查程序，“修改审查由国防部关 押在巴格拉姆剧院拘留设施内的外国人身份的程序”。335 [...] 然而，专家们关注的 是，新的审查制度并没有解决下列事实：应该按照《日内瓦四公约》扣押交战区 [...]的被拘留者，如对其身份有任何怀疑，应在其被俘后第一时间就近予以甄别，而 不应该在其被俘后的某一时间才确定其是否应继续被扣押。 daccess-ods.un.org | In its appeal against Judge Bates’ ruling, [...] the United States administration notified the court that it was introducing [...]a new review process [...]at Bagram, “modifying the procedures for reviewing the status of aliens held by the Department of Defense at the Bagram Theater Internment Facility”.335 However, the experts are concerned that the new review system fails to address the fact that detainees in an active war zone should be held according to the Geneva Conventions, screened close to the time and place of capture if there is any doubt about their status, and not be subjected to reviews at some point after their capture to determine whether they should continue to be held. daccess-ods.un.org |
主席的第二次报告论述了各种制度下的判例，例如某些国际经济制度(世界 贸易组织、伊朗－美国索赔 法庭、国际投资争端解决中心法庭、北美自由贸易区 法庭)、国际人权制度(欧洲人权法院 、 美 洲 人 权 法 院 、 《公民权利和政治权利国 际公约》下属人权事务委员会)以及其他制度(海洋法国际法庭、国际刑事法院、 前南斯拉夫和卢旺达国际刑事法庭、欧洲联盟法院)下的判例。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Chairman’s second report covers the jurisprudence under certain international economic regimes (World Trade Organization, Iran-US Claims Tribunal, International Centre for the Settlement of [...] Investment Disputes [...] tribunals and North American Free Trade Area tribunals), international human rights regimes (European Court of Human Rights, Inter-American Court of Human Rights, and Human [...]Rights Committee under [...]the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights), and other regimes (International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, International Criminal Court, International Criminal Tribunals for the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda, and Court of Justice of the European Union). daccess-ods.un.org |
为治安法官供资的最可行的备选办法是： (a) 在国家范围征聘，或从候选人会认为在肯尼亚的薪资有吸引力的英联邦或英 美法系国家征聘，在此情况下，禁毒办将向该国政府偿付每名治安法官每月 1 400 美元；或(b) 从候选人不认为肯尼亚薪资有吸引力的英联邦或 英 美法 系 国 家征 聘，在此情况下，最可行的解决方案将是法官原籍国无偿提供法官。 daccess-ods.un.org | The most workable options for the funding of magistrates would be: (a) recruitment nationally or from Commonwealth or common law countries where candidates would find the Kenyan salary attractive, in which event, UNODC would reimburse the $1,400 per month for each magistrate to the Government; or (b) [...] recruitment from [...] Commonwealth or common law countries where candidates may not find the Kenyan salary attractive, in which case, the most workable solution would be for the judges to [...]be provided gratis by their home country. daccess-ods.un.org |
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