| 单词 | 缅元 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 | 缅元 —Burmese dollarSee also:缅 adj—detailed adj
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所有这些因素加起来可能会形成缅元 的 升值 压力。 crisisgroup.org | All these factors could combine to put [...] strong upward pressure on the kyat. crisisgroup.org |
公共部门的对外贸易（如进出口）以及 会计记账使用的都是缅元官方汇率。 crisisgroup.org | The kyat’s official rate was used for external public sector transactions (such as imports and exports) and for accounting purposes. crisisgroup.org |
10 万缅元(合12 0美元)( 以及或许外加判 处一年监禁 ) 。投诉申请费的金额与对违规行为的惩处程度极不相称，这种做法 是与公平的选举进程不相容的。 daccess-ods.un.org | The disproportion between the complaint-filing fee and the penalty for violations is incompatible with a fair electoral process. daccess-ods.un.org |
长期以来，缅 元官方 汇率一直盯住国际货币基金组织（IMF）的 “特别提款权（SDR）”货币篮，缅甸的官方汇率 是 1 美元兑 5 点多缅元。 crisisgroup.org | It was long pegged to the International Monetary Fund (IMF) “special drawing rights” (SDR) basket of currencies, giving an official rate of between five and six kyat to the U.S. dollar. crisisgroup.org |
2011 年缅元的迅 速升值就证明了这 一点，升值给出口产业、制造业和农业造成了严重 [...] 的负面影响。 crisisgroup.org | This was demonstrated by the rapid [...] appreciation in the kyat in 2011, which [...]had a major negative impact on export industries, [...]manufacturing, and agriculture. crisisgroup.org |
政府已经开始处理一些关键问题，例如：实 行 缅元 浮动 汇率制，以废除复汇率制及其所造成的扭曲情 [...] 况；打破垄断（如食用油、燃油和汽车领域，以及 可能即将涉及的通讯领域）；推动外国投资，39 并 宣布要把重点放在能为缅甸的原材料增加附加值的 工业领域以及能创造就业机会的其他领域；发展人 [...]力资源，让流失的熟练工人回归；提高发电能力； 升级以出口为导向的交通基础设施；增强税收筹 划，通过全面税收改革来推动经济增长；改造银行 业部门，进行更广泛的金融部门改革。 crisisgroup.org | The government has begun to address key issues such as [...] the float of the kyat to eliminate the [...]multiple exchange rate system and the [...]distortions it introduces; dismantling of monopolies (such as in edible oils, fuel, vehicles and possibly soon telecommunications); promotion of foreign investment,39 with a stated emphasis on industries that add value to Myanmar’s raw materials and those that promote job creation; human resources development and the return of skilled workers from the diaspora; boosting electricity generation; improving export-oriented transport infrastructure; boosting tax mobilisation and promoting growth through comprehensive tax reform; rehabilitating the banking sector and implementing broader financial sector reform. crisisgroup.org |
从 4 月 1 日起，缅 元开始 实行有管理的浮动汇率制，这是在建立起一 [...] 个独立的、有能力对外汇市场进行有效干预的中央 银行之前实施的权宜之策。 crisisgroup.org | The managed float of the kyat on 1 April was [...] done before the creation of an independent central bank with the ability to [...]intervene effectively in the exchange market. crisisgroup.org |
又有报告说，该党以每英亩 50 000 缅元(约合 50 美元)的数额向 Kungyangone [...] 镇的农民提供农业贷款，条件看来是他们须签署一项声明，保证加 入并投票支持该党。 daccess-ods.un.org | There are also reports of agricultural loans [...] to farmers in Kungyangone Township at the [...] rate of 50,000 kyat (about US$ 50) per [...]acre by USDP, apparently conditional upon [...]their signing a statement vowing to join and vote for the party, a practice allegedly being used in other areas as well. daccess-ods.un.org |
1 美元兑 6 缅元的官方汇率是与国际货币基 金组织特别提款权——四种国际货币的一篮子加权—— 挂钩而产生的。 crisisgroup.org | Special Drawing Rights, a weighted basket of four international currencies. crisisgroup.org |
尽管这两家公 司从未被允许使用严重高估的缅元官 方 汇率来进口 商品（只有军队本身才享有这个权力），但是它们 在获得执照和许可证方面享有特权。 crisisgroup.org | While they never were allowed to bring goods into the country at the official grossly overvalued exchange rate (only the military itself did), they had privileged access to import and export permits. crisisgroup.org |
缅元价值由市场供需情况决定 ，并随之变动。 crisisgroup.org | The value of the kyat is determined [...] by market demand and supply conditions and will vary accordingly”. crisisgroup.org |
选举 委员会还命令若开民族发展党代表每人向联邦巩固与发展党代表支付 150 万缅元 (约 1 765 美元)赔偿，据称是因为前者在 [...] 2010 年竞选期间攻击前军政府和联邦 巩固与发展党。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Election Commission also ordered the Rakhine Nationalities Development [...] Party representatives to pay compensation [...] of 1.5 million kyat (about US$ 1,765) [...]each to the representatives of the Union [...]Solidarity and Development Party, reportedly for attacking the previous military Government and the Union Solidarity and Development Party in their election campaigns during 2010. daccess-ods.un.org |
申请，接受关于国籍和是否成年的检查。据说办这一手续需要4 万缅元 (约40美元) ，许多穆斯林无力支付，并可能需要数年才能办完。 daccess-ods.un.org | This process is reported [...] to cost 40,000 kyat (about $40), which [...]many Muslims cannot pay, and can take up to several years to complete. daccess-ods.un.org |
为了使国家预算合理化，实行缅元有 管理的浮动是 一个关键性改革，可以降低经济中的低效行为和寻 租机会，为私营部门的发展提供空间。131 外国直接 投资、海外发展援助和越来越丰厚的自然资源开采 收入，来自这三方面的大量资金流可能会快速涌 入，在这样一个时期，缅元有管 理的浮动也是一招 险棋。 crisisgroup.org | The managed float of the kyat has been a key reform for rationalising the state budget, reducing inefficiencies and rent-seeking opportunities in the economy and creating space for private-sector development.123 It is also a risky move at a time of potentially large and rapid inflows of foreign direct investment, overseas development assistance and increasingly [...] larger revenues from natural resource exploitation. crisisgroup.org |
这也意味着 国有企业在进口时不能再使用 1 美元兑 6 缅元的汇率，这一旧汇率滋生了极度的效率低下和对损失的 [...] 隐瞒，还滋生了贪污腐败，使一些国有企业成为公 共财政的负担。 crisisgroup.org | It also means that state-owned enterprises [...] will no longer have access to imports [...] calculated at the six-kyat rate, which encouraged [...]huge inefficiencies and a lack of [...]transparency over losses, as well as corruption, and made some of these enterprises a burden on public sector finances.38 Myanmar is also in the process of introducing a new foreign investment law. crisisgroup.org |
新闻部颁布了一个条例，要求出版商向检查委员会交 500 万缅元（约 5 882 美元）的押金，并规定，如果出版商三次违规，所交押金就会在第四次违规时被 [...] 没收。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Ministry of Information issued [...] a regulation requiring publications to [...] deposit 5 million kyat (around US$ 5,882) [...]with the censorship board, with the stipulation [...]that if they violated rules three times, the money would be seized upon a fourth violation. daccess-ods.un.org |
133 许多经济学家建 议，1 美元兑 800 缅元的汇率太高，汇率应该接近 1 美元兑 1000 缅元的水 平，才能使农业和出口制造 业具有竞争力。134 对一个成功的出口导向型战略而 言，一个重大威胁是，人们对更好的经济未来前景 持乐观态度，这种态度诱使资金流入，结果导致非 [...] 官方汇率上升。 crisisgroup.org | A stable and predictable exchange rate is vital for business [...] and for domestic [...] confidence in the currency.125 Many economists have also suggested that the kyat is overvalued at 800 to the dollar and should be [...]closer to 1,000 for [...]agriculture and export manufacturing to be competitive.126 A major threat to a successful export-oriented strategy is the appreciation of the unofficial exchange rate as a result of the influx of capital induced by the optimism over prospects for a better economic future.127 It is uncertain whether the government and central bank have the tools to be able to shift the exchange rate to make exports cheaper for foreign buyers. crisisgroup.org |
而事实上是缅甸政府 和人民对国内的紧急状况做出了迅速反应，在向联 [...] 合国申请紧急救援并为灾民提供国际援助的同时， 为灾民提供临时住所，并投入 870 多亿缅甸元用于 救助和修复活动。 daccess-ods.un.org | The fact was that the Government and people of Myanmar had responded expeditiously to the national emergency, [...] providing shelter to the victims, [...] spending over 87 billion kyats on rescue and rehabilitation [...]operations, requesting emergency [...]assistance from the United Nations and distributing international aid to the victims. daccess-ods.un.org |
年撤出该国之后，全球基金现已经同意 向 缅 甸 提 供1.1 亿美元， 以防治艾滋病毒 daccess-ods.un.org | The Global Fund has [...] agreed to provide Myanmar with $110 million to fight HIV/AIDS, [...]malaria and tuberculosis, after pulling out of the country in 2005. daccess-ods.un.org |
来自全国领先投资顾问公司之一的这笔 300 万美元的馈赠将缅因的企业们与培训和支持挂钩，将帮助它们成长。 china.blackstone.com | This $3 million endorsement from one of the nation’s leading investment and advisory firms will connect Maine businesses to training [...] and support that will help them grow. blackstone.com |
但是，如果缅甸能 够处理这个复杂的 过程，它有可能最终发挥其巨大的经济潜力，赶上 [...] 周边国家，并在这个过程中避免重蹈周边国家的覆 辙。 crisisgroup.org | But if it is able to manage this [...] complex process, Myanmar has the possibility [...]to finally realise its enormous economic potential, [...]catching up with its neighbours while avoiding some of their mistakes. crisisgroup.org |
如果大会通过决议草案 A/C.3/64/L.36， 2010-2011 [...] 两年期拟议方案预算第 3 款(政治事务)项 下将需增加经费毛额 1 281 600 美元(净额 1 159 100 美元)，供秘书长就缅甸局势进行斡旋。 daccess-ods.un.org | Should the General Assembly adopt draft resolution A/C.3/64/L.36, additional requirements amounting to $1,281,600 gross ($1,159,100 net) would be required under section 3, Political affairs, of the proposed programme [...] budget for 2010-2011 for the continuation [...] of the Secretary-General’s good offices relating to the situation in Myanmar. daccess-ods.un.org |
在这个关键时刻，在即将举行补选的时候， 至关重要的是所有缅甸人 ，包括从监狱释放的人能够在政治和公共生活中发挥积 [...] 极的有建设性的作用。 daccess-ods.un.org | In this critical period, and in the [...] leadup to the by-elections, it is [...] fundamental for all in Myanmar, including those [...]released from prison, to be allowed to [...]play an active and constructive role in political and public life. daccess-ods.un.org |
下列成员和准成员的代表在会上作了发言：亚美尼亚、澳大利亚、孟 [...] 加拉国、文莱达鲁萨兰国、柬埔寨、中国、朝鲜民主主义人民共和国、斐济、 [...] 中国香港、印度、印度尼西亚、伊朗伊斯兰共和国、日本、哈萨克斯坦、老 挝人民民主共和国、马来西亚、蒙古 、 缅 甸 、尼泊尔、巴基斯坦、巴布亚新 几内亚、菲律宾、大韩民国、俄罗斯联邦、萨摩亚、新加坡、所罗门群岛、 [...]斯里兰卡、泰国、汤加、图瓦卢、瓦努阿图和越南。 daccess-ods.un.org | Representatives of the following members and associate members made statements: Armenia; Australia; Bangladesh; Brunei Darussalam; Cambodia; China; Democratic People’s Republic of Korea; Fiji; Hong Kong, China; India; Indonesia; Iran (Islamic Republic of); Japan; [...] Kazakhstan; Lao People’s Democratic Republic; [...] Malaysia; Mongolia; Myanmar; Nepal; Pakistan; [...]Papua New Guinea; Philippines; Republic [...]of Korea; Russian Federation; Samoa; Singapore; Solomon Islands; Sri Lanka; Thailand; Tonga; Tuvalu; Vanuatu; and Viet Nam. daccess-ods.un.org |
这包括：兴建中的若开邦首府实兑附近 的印度洋海域深海港口以及平行公路、高速铁路、 石油管道和天然气管道，这将建起一 个 缅 甸 通 往中 国西南部内陆省份的能源和贸易走廊；加叻丹多式 运输项目（Kaladan multi-modal project）将在印度 洋和印度东部沿海地区之间、印度洋和印度东北部 内陆地区之间建起一条交通走廊；以及达维发展项 目（Dawei Development Project），按照计划，该项 目将在缅甸南部修建一个大型工业区和一个现代化 深海港，以及连通泰国并进一步通至越南的公路和 铁路，这样可以从陆路将货物运送至泰国和越南， 比起经马六甲海峡的海路运输要少花好几天时间。 crisisgroup.org | These include: a deep-sea port being constructed on the Indian Ocean near the Rakhine State capital of Sittwe, and parallel road, high-speed rail, and oil and natural gas pipelines that will create an energy and trade corridor to China’s landlocked south west; the Kaladan multi-modal project that will create a transportation corridor between the Indian Ocean and India’s eastern seaboard and its landlocked north east; and the Dawei Development Project which, if completed according to plan, would include a large industrial estate and modern deep-sea port in the south, with road and rail links for transhipment of goods to Thailand and on to Vietnam, cutting several days off the sea route through the Straits of Malacca. crisisgroup.org |
2. 如秘书长说明第 2 段所述，根据决议草案 A/C.3/64/L.36 执行部分 第 30 段的规定，大会将请秘书长：(a) 继续进行斡旋，并继续同缅甸政 府和人民，包括同民主和人权团体及所有相关各方讨论人权状况、民主过 渡和民族和解进程，并为此向缅甸政 府提供技术援助；(b) 提供一切必要 援助，以便特别顾问和特别报告员能够充分、有效、协调地履行任务；(c) 向大会第六十五届会议以及人权理事会报告该决议的执行进展。 daccess-ods.un.org | As indicated in paragraph 2 of the statement of the Secretary-General, under the terms of operative paragraph 30 of draft resolution A/C.3/64/L.36, the General Assembly would request the Secretary-General: (a ) to continue to provide his good offices and to pursue his discussions on the situation of human rights, the transition to democracy and the national reconciliation process with the Government and the people of Myanmar, including democracy and human rights groups and all relevant parties, and to offer technical assistance to the Government in that regard; (b ) to give all necessary assistance to enable the Special Adviser and the Special Rapporteur to discharge their mandates fully and effectively and in a coordinated manner; and (c ) to report to the General Assembly at its sixty-fifth session as well as to the Human Rights Council on the progress made in the implementation of the resolution. daccess-ods.un.org |
下列 65 个成员国的代表参加了本会议的工作：阿尔及利亚、阿根廷、澳大 利亚、奥地利、孟加拉国、白俄罗斯、比利时、巴西、保加利亚、喀麦隆、加拿 大、智利、中国、哥伦比亚、古巴、朝鲜民主主义人民共和国、刚果民主共和国、 [...] 厄瓜多尔、埃及、埃塞俄比亚、芬兰、法国、德国、匈牙利、印度、印度尼西亚、 伊朗伊斯兰共和国、伊拉克、爱尔兰、以色列、意大利、日本、哈萨克斯坦、肯 [...] 尼亚、马来西亚、墨西哥、蒙古、摩洛哥 、 缅 甸 、 荷兰、新西兰、尼日利亚、挪 威、巴基斯坦、秘鲁、波兰、大韩民国、罗马尼亚、俄罗斯联邦、塞内加尔、斯 [...] 洛伐克、南非、西班牙、斯里兰卡、瑞典、瑞士、阿拉伯叙利亚共和国、突尼斯、 [...] 土耳其、乌克兰、大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国、美利坚合众国、委内瑞拉玻利 瓦尔共和国、越南和津巴布韦。 daccess-ods.un.org | The representatives of the following 65 member States participated in the work of the Conference: Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Cuba, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ecuador, Egypt, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, [...] Kazakhstan, Kenya, Malaysia, Mexico, [...] Mongolia, Morocco, Myanmar, Netherlands (the), [...]New Zealand, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, [...]Peru, Poland, Republic of Korea, Romania, Russian Federation, Senegal, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Syrian Arab Republic, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United States of America, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), Viet Nam and Zimbabwe. daccess-ods.un.org |
近些年来，泰国已经开始向诸如柬埔寨、老挝人民民主共 和国和缅甸等 邻国提供技术援助、培训和奖学金，以增强泰国自身作为一个潜在捐助者的新 [...] 角色。 unesdoc.unesco.org | In recent years, Thailand has been providing [...] its neighbouring countries such as [...] Cambodia, Lao PDR and Myanmar with technical [...]assistance, training and scholarships, enhancing [...]Thailand’s emerging role as a potential donor itself. unesdoc.unesco.org |
阿富汗、阿尔巴尼亚、安哥拉、亚美尼亚、阿塞拜疆、白俄罗斯、不丹、波 斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那、博茨瓦纳、文莱达鲁萨兰国、布基纳法索、布隆迪、中非 共和国、乍得、捷克共和国、多米尼加共和国、加蓬、冈比亚、格鲁吉亚、危地 [...] 马拉、几内亚比绍、海地、洪都拉斯、印度尼西亚、伊拉克、哈萨克斯坦、科威 [...] 特、拉脱维亚、利比里亚、列支敦士登、马拉维、马来西亚、马里、毛里塔尼 亚、摩纳哥、缅甸、 尼泊尔、尼日尔、阿曼、巴拿马、秘鲁、卡塔尔、卢旺达、 [...] 沙特阿拉伯、塞内加尔、塞拉利昂、新加坡、斯洛伐克、斯里兰卡、阿拉伯叙利 [...] 亚共和国、乌克兰、乌拉圭和津巴布韦。 daccess-ods.un.org | Afghanistan, Albania, Angola, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bhutan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brunei Darussalam, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Central African Republic, Chad, Czech Republic, Dominican Republic, Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Honduras, Indonesia, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Latvia, Liberia, [...] Liechtenstein, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, [...] Mauritania, Monaco, Myanmar, Nepal, Niger, [...]Oman, Panama, Peru, Qatar, Rwanda, Saudi [...]Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Sri Lanka, Syrian Arab Republic, Ukraine, Uruguay, and Zimbabwe. daccess-ods.un.org |
在 10 月 16 日第 10 次会议上，印度代表以阿富汗、孟加拉国、不丹、博茨 [...] 瓦纳、智利、古巴、刚果民主共和国、萨尔瓦多、海地、印度、牙买加、约旦、 [...] 阿拉伯利比亚民众国、马达加斯加、马来西亚、毛里求斯 、 缅 甸 、 尼加拉瓜、萨 摩亚、苏丹、越南和赞比亚的名义提出了一项题为“减少核危险”的决议草案 [...](A/C.1/63/L.16)。 hcoc.at | At the 10th meeting, on 16 October, the representative of India, on behalf of Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Botswana, Chile, Cuba, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, El Salvador, Haiti, India, Jamaica, Jordan, the [...] Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Madagascar, [...] Malaysia, Mauritius, Myanmar, Nicaragua, Samoa, [...]the Sudan, Viet Nam and Zambia, introduced [...]a draft resolution entitled “Reducing nuclear danger” (A/C.1/63/L.16). hcoc.at |
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