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单词 绝灭
释义

灭绝 adjective ()

extinct adj

灭绝 ()

become extinct
extinguish
die out

Examples:

种族灭绝

genocide

灭绝种族

genocide

大绝灭

mass extinction

生物大灭绝

great extinction of species

大灭绝

global extinction

灭绝人性

savage
cannibalistic

See also:

extinct
disappear
by no means
vanish
cut short

go out (of a fire etc)
drown
extinguish or put out
exterminate or wipe out

External sources (not reviewed)

社会和道德所斥责对于不合法的类型或原因差别而产生的歧视,于澳门 《刑法典》有明确的规范,部份条文禁止及严厉制裁因国籍、种族、人种或宗教 而产生的仇恨和歧视的罪行,这些犯罪行为包括种 灭绝 、 煽 动 灭绝 种 族 、为实灭绝种族而作出协议和种族歧视等。
daccess-ods.un.org
The social-ethical reproach of discrimination based on illegitimate categories or factors is quite clear-cut in the Criminal Code of Macao (CCM), wherein several crimes related to hatred and discrimination based on nationality, ethnicity, race or religion are established and severely punished.
daccess-ods.un.org
正如轮值主席墨西 哥提出的概念说明(S/2010/322)中强调的那样,杜绝 犯有种灭绝罪、 危害人类罪和战争罪的人不受惩罚 的现象,是我们促进和平与安全任务的一个重要内 容。
daccess-ods.un.org
As underscored in the concept note submitted to us by the Mexican presidency (S/2010/322), the fight against the impunity of the perpetrators of genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes is an essential aspect of our mission to promote peace and security.
daccess-ods.un.org
此外入有负责西撒哈拉问题的秘书长个人特使的咨询人所需资源, 显示 2010 年计划中的磋商和谈判有所增加(76 400 美元);以及秘书长 防灭绝种族 罪行问题特别顾问的咨询人所需资源,因为计划在 2010 年 开展培训活动以加强该办公室在提高 灭绝 种 族 罪行的认识方面的工作 (90 200 美元)。
daccess-ods.un.org
Resources for consultants are also included for the Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General for Western Sahara, reflecting the increase in consultations and negotiations planned for 2010
[...]
($76,400), and the Special Adviser to the
[...] Secretary-General on the Prevention of Genocide, as a result of the planned training activities for 2010 to intensify the efforts of the office on genocide awareness ($90,200).
daccess-ods.un.org
国际法庭问题非正式工作组设立于2000年6月,处理有关起诉应对1991年以来前南斯拉夫境内所犯严重违反国际人道主义法行为负责者的国际法 庭(前南问题国际法庭)的地位的具体问题,随后被授权处理有关前南问题国际法庭及起诉应对1994年1月1日至12月31日期间在卢旺达境内的种 灭绝 和 其 他严重违反国际人 道主义法行为负责者和应对这一期间邻国境内种 灭绝 和 其 他这类违法行为负责的卢旺达公民的国际刑事法庭(卢旺达问题国际法庭)的其他法律问题。
un.org
The Informal Working Group on International Tribunals was established in June 2000 to deal with a specific issue pertaining to the statute of the International Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia since 1991 (ICTY) and subsequently mandated to deal with other legal issues pertaining to ICTY as well as the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda for the
[...]
Prosecution of Persons
[...] Responsible for Genocide and Other Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of Rwanda and Rwandan Citizens Responsible for Genocide and Other Such [...]
Violations Committed
[...]
in the Territory of Neighbouring States between 1 January 1994 and 31 December 1994 (ICTR).
un.org
起诉应对 1994 年 1 月 1 日至 12 月 31 日期间在卢旺达境内的种灭绝 和其他严重违反国际人道主义法行为负责者和应对这一期间邻国境内 种灭绝和其他这类违法行为负责的卢旺达公民的国际刑事法庭的报 告。
daccess-ods.un.org
Report of the International Criminal Tribunal for the
[...]
Prosecution of Persons
[...] Responsible for Genocide and Other Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of Rwanda and Rwandan Citizens Responsible for Genocide and Other Such [...]
Violations Committed
[...]
in the Territory of Neighbouring States between 1 January and 31 December 1994.
daccess-ods.un.org
安全理事会回顾所有国家均有义务确保国际人道主义法、包括日内瓦
[...] 公约四公约受到尊重,并再次强调各国有责任履行义务,杜绝有罪不罚现象, 起诉应对战争罪灭绝种族 罪、危害人类罪或其他严重违反国际人道主义法 [...]
行为负责的人。
daccess-ods.un.org
The Security Council recalls the obligations of all States to ensure respect for international humanitarian law, including the four Geneva conventions, and once again emphasises the responsibility of States to comply with their obligations to end
[...]
impunity and to prosecute those responsible for
[...] war crimes, genocide, crimes against [...]
humanity or other serious violations of
[...]
international humanitarian law.
daccess-ods.un.org
赞扬卢旺达政府和人民、民间社会组织以及国际社会作出巨大努力,为恢复 幸存者的尊严提供支助,其中包括卢旺达政府每年拨出国家预算的 5%来支助种灭绝幸存者,还包括“侨民为种 灭绝 幸 存 者捐赠 1 美元”活动
daccess-ods.un.org
Commending the tremendous efforts of the Government and people of Rwanda and civil society organizations, as well as international efforts, to provide support for restoring the dignity of the survivors, including the allocation by the Government of Rwanda of 5 per cent of
[...]
its national budget every year
[...] to support genocide survivors and the Diaspora One Dollar Campaign for Genocide Survivors
daccess-ods.un.org
该法第 15 节列举了适用于其解
[...] 释的一些条约,亦即:(a) 1948 年的《防止及惩灭绝种族 罪公约》;(b) 1949 年日内瓦四公约及其《第一和第二附加议定书》(1977 [...]
年)和《第三附加议定书》 (2005 年);(c) 1954
[...]
年《关于发生武装冲突时保护文化财产的海牙公约》及其 《议定书》和《第二议定书》(1999 年);(d) 1989 年《儿童权利公约》及其 2000 年《关于儿童卷入武装冲突问题的任择议定书》;(e) 习惯国际法规则和原则; (f) 各个国际法院和法庭的司法裁判。
daccess-ods.un.org
Section 15 of the Act enumerates several treaties to be applied in its interpretation, namely (a) the 1948
[...]
Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of
[...] the Crime of Genocide; (b) the four [...]
Geneva Conventions of 1949 and Additional
[...]
Protocols I and II (1977) and Additional Protocol III (2005) thereto; (c) the 1954 Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict, its Protocol and its Second Protocol (1999); (d) the 1989 Convention on the Rights of the Child and its 2000 Optional Protocol on the involvement of children in armed conflict; (e) the rules and principles of customary international law; (f) the judicial decisions of international courts and tribunals.
daccess-ods.un.org
刚果议会两院正在审议一项法案,以批准《保护所有移徙工
[...] 人及其家庭成员权利国际公约》、《防止及惩 灭绝 种 族 罪公约》,以及《保护 所有人免遭强迫失踪国际公约》。
daccess-ods.un.org
The bill allowing the ratification of the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families, the
[...]
Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of
[...] the Crime of Genocide, as well as [...]
the Convention for the Protection of All Persons
[...]
from Enforced Disappearance were being considered by the two chambers of Parliament.
daccess-ods.un.org
此外,威胁、挑战和改革问题高级别小组的报告(A/59/565)以及秘书长题
[...]
为“大自由:实现人人共享的发展、安全和人权”的报告(A/59/2005)向冲突 地区和冲突后地区的千百万妇女和女孩提出了一些至关重要的倡议,包括:设立
[...] 建设和平委员会;加强对预防冲突的重视;负责保护民众免 灭绝 种 族 罪、战争 罪、族裔清洗和危害人类罪;更加有效地保护人权以及加强法治。
un.org
Furthermore, the report of the High-level Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change (A/59/565) and the report of the Secretary-General “In larger freedom: towards development, security and human rights for all” (A/59/2005) proposed a number of initiatives of vital importance to millions of women and girls in conflict and post-conflict areas, including: the creation of a Peacebuilding Commission; increased focus on conflict
[...]
prevention; the responsibility to protect
[...] populations from genocide, war crimes, [...]
ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity;
[...]
more effective protection of human rights; and enhanced rule of law.
un.org
举 例而言,这可包括以下领域的经验:国内严重和复杂罪行的辩护,如恐怖主义、 杀人、非预谋杀人、贩运和复杂的白领罪行等罪案;涉及国际层面的案子的辩护
[...] 经验,诸如国际司法协助、复杂的移民案、超国家的罪行;以及战争罪 灭绝种 族罪和危害人类罪的辩护经验。
daccess-ods.un.org
For example, this may include experience in the following areas: the defence of those charged with serious and complex crimes at the domestic level, such as terrorism, homicide, manslaughter, trafficking and complex white-collar crimes; the defence of cases with international dimensions, such as those involving international judicial assistance, complex
[...]
immigration issues or supranational crime; and the defence of those charged with
[...] war crimes, genocide and crimes against humanity.
daccess-ods.un.org
应当注意的是,根据安全理事会第 808 号 决议第 2 段编写的联合国秘书长的报告(联合 国 S/25704 号文件,1993 年 5 月 3 日,第 35 段,第 9 页)指出,“列入国际人道主义协约 法的下述公约体现了适用于武装冲突的法律, 并完全成为国际习惯法的一部分:1949 年 8 月 12
[...]
日《保护战争受害者各项日内瓦公约》; 《陆战法规和惯例》(1907 年 10 月 18 日海牙 第四公约)和《公约附件陆战法规和惯例章
[...] 程》;1948 年 12 月 9 日《防止及惩灭绝种 族罪公约》和《国际军事法庭宪章》 [省去脚 [...]
注参考—— 教科文组织秘书处]。
unesdoc.unesco.org
It should be noted that the Report of the United Nations Secretary-General pursuant to paragraph 2 of Security Council resolution 808 (United Nations document S/25704, 3 May 1993, para. 35, p. 9) stated that “[T]he part of conventional international humanitarian law which has beyond doubt become part of international customary law is the law applicable in armed conflict as embodied in: the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 for the Protection of War Victims; the Hague Convention (IV) Respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land and the Regulations annexed thereto of 18 October 1907; the
[...]
Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of
[...] the Crime of Genocide of 9 December [...]
1948; and the Charter of the International
[...]
Military Tribunal of 8 August 1945” [reference to footnotes omitted – the UNESCO Secretariat].
unesdoc.unesco.org
联合国必须做好准备,
[...] 尽早采取行动防止源于种族主义和歧视的冲突和种灭绝行为
daccess-ods.un.org
The United Nations must be prepared to take early action to prevent
[...] conflict and genocide borne of racism [...]
and discrimination.
daccess-ods.un.org
关于复员遣返方案,技术评估团建议联刚特派团加 强联合国的多层面战略,以处理我在上次的报告(S/2009/623)中概述的卢民主力
[...] 量问题,包括考虑实行一项指挥官奖励方案,奖励那些与刚果民主共和国境内种灭绝行为 没有牵连或未被控犯有针对平民的暴行的卢民主力量中高级指挥官。
daccess-ods.un.org
With regard to disarmament, demobilization, repatriation, resettlement or reintegration, the mission recommended that MONUC enhance the United Nations multidimensional strategy to address FDLR outlined in my last report (S/2009/623), including by considering a commander incentive programme targeting mid- to
[...]
high-level FDLR commanders who are not
[...] implicated in the genocide or accused of [...]
having committed atrocities against civilians
[...]
in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
daccess-ods.un.org
因此,乌克兰《刑法典》载有在某种程度上涉及可能扩散大规模毁灭性武器 活动的刑事责任的八项条款:第 258 条(恐怖主义法);第 261 条(对包含有可能 严重威胁环境的物体的设施发动的进攻);第 321 条(非法生产、制造、获得、运 输、转让和储存有毒及烈性物质用于出售目的或出售这些物质);第 326 条(违反 关于处理微生物或其他生物物剂或毒素);第
[...]
333 条(从乌克兰非法出口原材料、 投入、设备和技术用于制造武器,以及非法出口军事和专门技术);第 439 条(使
[...] 用大规模毁灭性武器);第 440 条(发展、生产、获得、储存、销售和运输大规模 毁灭性武器);以及第 441 条(生灭绝)。
daccess-ods.un.org
The Criminal Code of Ukraine thus contains eight articles which in one way or another are concerned with criminal liability for activities involving the potential proliferation of weapons of mass destruction: article 258 (Terrorist act); article 261 (Attacks on facilities which contain objects posing a heightened risk to the environment); article 321 (Illegal production, manufacture, acquisition, transport, transfer and stockpiling for sales purposes or sale of toxic and potent substances); article 326 (Infringement of the rules on handling microbiological or other biological agents or toxins); article 333 (Illegal export from Ukraine of raw materials, inputs, equipment and technology for weapons manufacture, and also military and specialized technology); article 439 (Use of weapons of mass destruction); article 440
[...]
(Development, production, acquisition, stockpiling, sale and transport
[...] of weapons of mass destruction); and article 441 (Ecocide).
daccess-ods.un.org
该集团注意到,法庭通过确保逮捕和审判一些最 臭名昭著的种灭绝罪嫌 疑人、争取更多国家的合作 以及打击有罪不罚文化,在法庭任务规定方面取得很 [...]
大成绩;该集团期待着不久将完成军事审判,这将成 为又一重大成绩。
daccess-ods.un.org
Noting that the Tribunal had realized significant achievements in connection with its mandate by
[...]
ensuring the arrest and trial of some of the
[...] most notorious genocide suspects, by [...]
gaining the cooperation of an increasing number
[...]
of countries and by combating the culture of impunity, the Group looked forward to the forthcoming conclusion of the military trial, which would constitute a further major achievement.
daccess-ods.un.org
该组织准备通过其植物 园网络、先进的研究和园艺复合区,以及生命和资源库,达到以下目的:(a)建立、 发展、运行并维护一个具有图书馆、植物标本库、实验室和博物馆的教育和科学 中心,鼓励对基础和应用热带植物学进行研究;(b)促进并鼓励对基础热带植物生
[...]
命进行研究,并研究热带植物在农业、林业、园艺业、医学和其他科学领域的应 用;(c)通过出版物和其他媒体,分享与基础和应用热带植物学有关的现有知识;
[...] (d)采集并栽培热带植物,以保护面 灭绝 威 胁 的热带植物物种;以及(e)建立一种 [...]
有助于开展教育、指导和娱乐活动的设施。
daccess-ods.un.org
Through its network of botanical gardens, state-of-the-art research and horticulture complexes, and living and resource collections, the organization’s purposes are to: (a) establish, develop, operate and maintain an educational and scientific centre with libraries, herbaria, laboratories and museums to encourage and conduct research in basic and applied tropical botany; (b) foster and encourage fundamental research in tropical plant life and study the uses of tropical flora in agriculture, forestry, horticulture, medicine and other sciences; (c) share knowledge acquired relative to basic and applied tropical botany through publications and other media; (d) collect and cultivate tropical flora and to
[...]
preserve species of tropical plant life
[...] threatened with extinction; and (e) provide [...]
a facility which contributes to education, instruction, and recreation.
daccess-ods.un.org
一些野蛮人似乎限制后死亡的好(与恶 灭绝 ) 的存在,作为尼加拉瓜,或职级的人,因为Tongas,而格陵兰,新几内亚的黑人,以及其他一些对人的一种可能性第二次的死,在其他世界或在它的方式。
mb-soft.com
Some savages seem to limit existence after death to
[...] the good (with extinction for the wicked), [...]
as the Nicaraguas, or to men of rank,
[...]
as the Tongas; while the Greenlanders, New Guinea negroes, and others seem to hold the possibility of a second death, in the other world or on the way to it.
mb-soft.com
(c) 在过渡司法方面,保持过渡司法问题的最高优先地位,广泛传播关于全 国协商的报告,并为迈向实施双重机制,恢复讨论待决问题(法院检察官的独立
[...] 性,真相与和解委员会和特别法庭之间的关系,将战争罪、危害人类罪和种灭 绝罪排除在大赦范围之外)。
daccess-ods.un.org
(c) In the area of transitional justice, keep the issue of transitional justice as a top priority, communicate widely the report on national consultations and, with a view to progressing towards implementation of the double mechanism, resume the discussions on pending issues (independence of the Court prosecutor, relationship between the Truth and
[...]
Reconciliation Commission and the Special Tribunal, and exclusion of amnesty for war crimes,
[...] crimes against humanity and genocide).
daccess-ods.un.org
以色列的发言改变不了这样一个事实,即以色列 有着最长、最黑暗的恐怖主义记录,将需要一本百科 全书、一座博物馆和一个档案馆来记录和揭露以色列 在其整个血腥历史上对巴勒斯坦人、叙利亚人、黎巴 嫩人、埃及人、约旦人和其他人民犯下 灭绝 种 族 罪、 战争罪和族裔清洗罪。
daccess-ods.un.org
Israel’s statements do not alter the fact that Israel possesses the largest, blackest record of terrorism, which would need an encyclopaedia, a museum and an archive to document and shed light on the crimes of genocide, war crimes and ethnic cleansing carried out against the Palestinians, the Syrians, the Lebanese, the Egyptians, the Jordanians and others by Israel throughout its bloody history.
daccess-ods.un.org
其中包括:《世界人权宣言》、《保护所有移
[...]
徙工人及其家庭成员权利国际公约》、《公民权利和政治权利国际公约》、《禁 止酷刑和其他残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或处罚公约》、《儿童权利公
[...] 约》、欧安组织《赫尔辛基最后文件》,及其他有关妇女、儿童、难民、消除种 族歧视和种灭绝问题等的文书。
daccess-ods.un.org
These include the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the OSCE Helsinki
[...]
Final Act and other instruments on the rights of women, children, refugees, the
[...] elimination of discrimination, and genocide.
daccess-ods.un.org
敦促美国政府和相关土著人民审查《阿拉斯加土著人土地权属解决法》的措 辞,以确保与《联合国土著人民权利宣言》的措辞一致,特别是在以下方面:土
[...]
著人民自决权,尤其是维护和发展其政治、经济和社会制度或自治机构;按照其
[...] 习俗确定自己的特性或成员,有保障地享用自己的谋生和发展手段,或对损害寻 求公正和公平补救;谴责灭绝”阿 拉斯加土著原住民狩猎和捕鱼权利的政策; 处理向阿拉斯加土著人民传统机构转让土地的未决问题。
daccess-ods.un.org
The Government of the United States and the indigenous peoples concerned are urged to review the language of the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act in order to ensure its consistency with that of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, specifically in relation to: the right of indigenous peoples to self-determination, particularly to maintain and develop their political, economic and social systems or institutions of self-government; to determine their own identity or membership in accordance with their customs and to be secure in the enjoyment of their own means of subsistence and development, or for just and fair
[...]
redress for its impairment; to
[...] denounce the policy of “extinguishment” of Alaska Native [...]
aboriginal hunting and fishing rights;
[...]
and to address the outstanding issue of transfer of lands to traditional institutions of the Alaska Native people.
daccess-ods.un.org
外部伙伴关系 之一是教科文组织与联合国环境规划
[...] 署、17个分布区国家和几个非政府组 织在以防止大类人猿濒灭绝为目的 的大类人猿保护项目(GRASP)中的 [...]
合作。
unesdoc.unesco.org
One example of an external partnership is that of UNESCO’s collaboration with UNEP, 17 Range States, and
[...]
several NGOs in the Great Apes Survival Project (GRASP) aiming to combat
[...] threats of imminent extinction of the Great Apes.
unesdoc.unesco.org
受的共同标准。越南认为,在评估贸易转让时必须考虑到下列方面:(a) 在国际 关系中不使用武力或威胁使用武力的原则和各国和平化解争端的原则;(b) 有关
[...]
国家根据其国际、区域和次区域义务和承诺,包括安全理事会有关决议应尽的责 任;(c)
[...] 可能利用转让武器严重破坏国际、区域和国内和平、安全和稳定,或者 实施恐怖活动或跨国有组织犯罪 灭绝 种 族、战争罪、反人类罪或严重违反有关 国际人权法和国际人道主义法的其他行为;(d) [...]
禁止向未经国家机关授权或许可 的非国家行为者进行转让,以防止武器落入非法人员手中。
daccess-ods.un.org
Viet Nam believes that the assessment of arms transfers must take into consideration (a) the principle of non-use of force or threat of use of force in international relations and the principle of peaceful settlement of disputes among States; (b) the responsibilities of relevant States in accordance with their international, regional and subregional obligations and commitments, including relevant resolutions of the Security Council; (c) the potential use of transferred arms to seriously undermine international, regional and national peace, security and stability or to carry out terrorist
[...]
activities or commit transnational
[...] organized crime, genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity [...]
or other acts that seriously violate
[...]
relevant international human rights law and international humanitarian law; and (d) the prohibition of transfers to non-State actors that are not authorized or licensed by State authorities to prevent the diversion of arms to illicit hands.
daccess-ods.un.org
尽管通 过了许多全球和区域协定打击非法和犯罪行为,22 但研究表明,一些区域,特别 是非洲,保护自然资源和濒灭绝的 物 种工作依然面临重大挑战。
daccess-ods.un.org
Although numerous global and regional agreements have been adopted to combat illegal and criminal practices,22 research shows that several regions, in particular Africa, still face a major challenge in protecting natural resources and endangered species.
daccess-ods.un.org
安全理事会回顾,预防冲突仍是各国的一项首要责任,又回顾,各国 对按照相关国际法的规定,尊重和确保本国领土内和受其管辖的所有个人的
[...] 人权负有首要责任,还重申,每个国家都有责任保护本国人民,使其免于种灭绝、战争罪行、族裔清洗和危害人类罪的侵害。
daccess-ods.un.org
The Security Council recalls that the prevention of conflict remains a primary responsibility of States, and further recalls their primary responsibility to respect and ensure the human rights of all individuals within their territory and subject to their jurisdiction, as provided for by relevant international law, and also reaffirms the responsibility
[...]
of each individual State to protect its
[...] populations from genocide, war crimes, [...]
ethnic cleansing, and crimes against humanity.
daccess-ods.un.org
为此,国家检察长提出,要重点关注那些侵犯人权的犯罪行为,特别是在
[...] 执行公务期间实施的酷刑或肢体伤害、强行逼供、扣压人质、迫害无辜、种灭 绝以及战争罪行等等。
daccess-ods.un.org
In that connection, the Attorney General has proposed that special attention be paid to human rights offences, including torture, inflicting bodily injury while performing a public function, using force to obtain
[...]
statements, hostage-taking, prosecution of
[...] innocent persons, genocide and war crimes, [...]
as set out in the decision mentioned above.
daccess-ods.un.org
重申各种表现形式的暴力行为,包括家庭暴力行为,尤其是针对妇女、 儿童、老年人和残疾人特别是同时属于其中一个以上群体的人的暴力行为,对世 界各地个人、家庭和社区的安全日益造成威胁;社会崩溃是一个可切身感受到的
[...]
当代问题;有组织犯罪、非法药物、非法军火交易、贩运人口尤其是妇女和儿童、
[...] 族裔和宗教冲突、内战、恐怖主义、一切形式极端主义暴力行为、仇外心理、政 治杀戮灭绝种族 行为,对社会和全球社会秩序构成根本的威胁;它们也构成迫 [...]
使各国政府必须在承认、保护和重视多样性的同时,单独并酌情联合采取行动,
[...]
促进社会凝聚力的紧迫理由
daccess-ods.un.org
Reaffirms that violence, in its many manifestations, including domestic violence, particularly against women, children, older persons and persons with disabilities, and especially against persons belonging to more than one of these groups, is a growing threat to the security of individuals, families and communities everywhere; total social breakdown is an all too real contemporary experience; organized crime, illegal drugs, the illicit arms trade, trafficking in human beings, particularly women and children, ethnic and religious conflict, civil war, terrorism, all forms of extremist
[...]
violence, xenophobia, and politically
[...] motivated killing and genocide present fundamental [...]
threats to societies and the global
[...]
social order; they also present compelling and urgent reasons for action by Governments individuall y and, as appropriate, jointly to foster social cohesion while recognizing, protecting and valuing diversity
daccess-ods.un.org
此前的研究已经证明了现代牛源自对现在已 灭绝 了 的欧洲野牛的两次驯化:来自欧洲和中东地区的普通牛(taurine)系和来自印度次大陆的瘤牛(indicine)系。
chinese.eurekalert.org
Previous studies have shown that
[...]
modern cattle descended from two
[...] domestications of the now-extinct wild aurochsen: [...]
the taurine line from Europe and the Middle
[...]
East and the indicine line from the Indian subcontinent.
chinese.eurekalert.org
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