| 单词 | 组合学 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 | 组合学 noun —combinatorics nExamples:组合数学—combinatorics • combinatorial mathematics See also:组合 n—combo n • composition n 组合 pl—portfolios pl 组合—assemble • combinatorial 组合 adj—combi adj
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他用和积理论成功地解决了一系列难题，包括对称的分佈和计数 、 组合学 、 数 论和代数方程解等。 shawprize.org | He has used this sum-product theory to resolve problems [...] connected with distribution and counting of [...] symmetries, combinatorics, number theory and [...]solutions of algebraic equations. shawprize.org |
他对数学有广泛的兴趣，而他的研究焦点集中于函数理论与自守形式在数论 、 组合学 及 数 学物理方面的应用。 shawprize.org | His interest in mathematics is wide-ranging, and his research focuses on the [...] theory of zeta functions and automorphic forms with applications to [...] number theory, combinatorics, and mathematical physics. shawprize.org |
数学科学奖 - 颁予美国普林斯顿高等研究院教授辛康‧布尔甘( Jean Bourgain)，以表彰他在数学分析方面的工作与其在多项学科上的应用：偏微分方程、数学物理 、 组合学 、 数论、遍歷理论与理论计算机科学。 shawprize.org | Professor Jean Bourgain, Professor at the Institute for Advanced Study, [...] Princeton, USA for his [...] profound work in mathematical analysis and its application to partial differential equations, mathematical physics, combinatorics, number theory, [...]ergodic theory and theoretical computer science. shawprize.org |
同时，也应以同样 的方法支持其它地区性行动，如非洲发展新伙伴关系（NEPAD），或由教科 文 组 织 威尼斯办事处协调 开展的东南欧科学合作重建计划。 unesdoc.unesco.org | The same type of approaches should be applied in support to other [...] regional initiatives [...] such as NEPAD, or the reconstruction of scientific cooperation in South-East Europe, coordinated [...]by UNESCO’s Venice Office. unesdoc.unesco.org |
(d) 请阿拉伯联盟教育、文化和科学组织 与 各成员 国 合 作 并 协调，完成关于 教育在阿拉伯世界的地位的各种调查和研究。 daccess-ods.un.org | (d) To request the Arab League [...] Educational, Cultural and Scientific Organization, in cooperation [...]and coordination with member States, [...]to complete research and studies on the status of education in the Arab world. daccess-ods.un.org |
2010 年期间，这些机构包括欧洲社会科学基金会、人 文科学研究理事会、南非、英国经济与社会研究理事会和英国科学院、瑞典国际开发署、荷 兰皇家艺术与科学学院以及荷兰科 学组 织 、 经 合组 织 科 学 、 技 术和产业局、新西兰和瑞典全 国委员会。 unesdoc.unesco.org | During 2010, these included European Social Science Foundation, Human Sciences Research Council, South Africa, the UK Economic and Social Research Council and the British Academy, SIDA, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and the Netherlands Scientific Organization, OECD Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry, New Zealand and Swedish National Commissions. unesdoc.unesco.org |
会议还承认，在联合国系统各专门机构和国 际 组 织 及区 域 组 织 之 间，应该 有有效的协调机制，以便利科学合作 和 技术转让。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Conference also recognises that there should be efficient coordination mechanisms between the specialized agencies of the [...] United Nations system and [...] international and regional organizations in order to facilitate scientific cooperation and technology transfer. daccess-ods.un.org |
与此同时，还可进一步讨论如何更 有效地将辅助会议融入预防犯罪大会方案，并促进广泛传播其会议纪要，证明 [...] 其在预防犯罪大会期间有效的相互作用，并证明非政府组织和 科 学组 织 在 制定 综合性跨 学科的办法应对犯罪挑战方面可发挥的关键作用。 daccess-ods.un.org | In doing so, it may further discuss ways and means to more effectively integrate the ancillary meetings within the congress programme and promote the widespread dissemination of their proceedings as a demonstration of their useful interaction during the congresses [...] and of the crucial role that [...] non-governmental and scientific organizations could play in [...]designing comprehensive and interdisciplinary [...]approaches to crime challenges. daccess-ods.un.org |
为了实现这个目标，重大计划行动将包括与联合国教科 文 组 织 各 科 学合 作 伙 伴进行合 作，支持、创建示范中心和网络中心，同时鼓励他们为下列目标而提供服务：研究、培训、 促进转让科学知识、改善大学科学教育及其与其它层面教育的联系、评估国家科学能力、提 出采取措施加强这些中心的建议、或者保证其达到国家发展所需要的足够数量。 unesdoc.unesco.org | To this end, the major priority actions [...] will encompass [...] cooperation with UNESCO science partners in the support for, and creation of, centres of excellence and networks, as well as in the promotion [...]of their services [...]for research, training, leverage and transfer of scientific knowledge, the improvement of university science education and its links with other levels of education, the assessment of national capacity in science and advice on measures to be taken to reinforce them, or to ensure that they have the critical mass required for national development. unesdoc.unesco.org |
4 个一般临时人员职位中的 2 个，即 1 个 P-4 和 1 个 P-3 培训干事，以及 1 个 P-4 续设员额，目前由支助账户供资，负责设计、提供、升级、统一和评价 目前三个贯穿各领域的领导方案： 高级特派团领导方案为期 2 个星期的课程， 每年由一个会员国主办两次，每次有来自会员国、秘书处以及 联 合 国 机 构、方案 和基金的 26 名候选人参加；高级领导方案是特派团所有 D-2 及以上级别的人员 必须参加的概况介绍课程，每年在纽约举行两次；高级行政管理和资源培训方案 为两组 40 名 候选人提供的持续一年的强化方案，包含远程 教 学 和 为 期三个星期 的讲习班。 daccess-ods.un.org | Two of the 4 general temporary assistance positions, 1 P-4 and 1 P-3 Training Officers, and 1 P-4 continuing post, currently funded from the support account, design, deliver, upgrade, harmonize and evaluate three ongoing cross-cutting leadership programmes: the senior mission leaders’ programme, a two-week course, conducted twice annually at a host Member State, for 26 [...] candidates from Member [...] States, the Secretariat, the United Nations agencies, programmes and funds); the senior leaders’ programme, a compulsory orientation course for all mission personnel at the D-2 level and above, conducted twice annually in New York; and SMART, an intensive year-long programme involving distance learning and three week-long workshops for two [...]groups of 40 candidates. daccess-ods.un.org |
蛋白质组学方面的进展包括：更好地理解了蛋白质如 何 合 成 ；其存在随时间 的波动情况；对于确保不能进行质量控制的序列提前终止的系统进行了更好的分 析；协助确定和测定蛋白质数量的新的工具；数据报告更高的标准；改进了确定 [...] 蛋白质结构的工具；提高了对蛋白质间相互作用的理解，例如通过测绘、调节、 [...]跨网络比较以及研究蛋白质信号级联。 daccess-ods.un.org | Progress in proteomics has included: better understanding of how proteins are synthesized; [...] fluctuations in their presence [...]over time; better characterization of the system which ensures the premature termination of sequences that fail quality control; new tools to assist in the identification and quantification of proteins; increasing standardization of data reporting; improved tools for determining the structure of proteins; enhanced understandings of protein-protein interactions, such as through mapping, regulation, cross network comparisons and studying protein signalling cascades. daccess-ods.un.org |
除了控制细菌细胞的基因组的化学合 成( 克莱格·温特尔人工生命) ，其他方 法包括：通过在酵母中制作新陈代谢途径生产抗疟疾药物的前体；合成哺乳动物 [...] 基因电路揭示抗结核化合物；广泛存在的生物计算的展示；以及制作大肠杆菌以 探测和杀死人体内病原体。 daccess-ods.un.org | In addition to the chemical synthesis of a genome able to control [...] a bacterial cell (Craig Venter’s artificial life) other [...]important stepping stones include: the engineering of the metabolic pathway in yeast to produce the precursor of an anti-malarial drug; the creation of a synthetic mammalian gene circuit that revealed anti-tuberculosis compounds; a demonstration of distributed biological computation; and the engineering of an E. coli to sense and kill a human pathogen. daccess-ods.un.org |
化学品安全参与方案在国际上执行，其核心使命是让 [...] 科学家参与合作活动，改善化学品安全与保障做法，减少化学品威胁，并通过促 进有益的研发，与由政府伙伴、国家专业化学协会、学者和化学行 业 组 织 组 成的 一个国际网络共同努力，强化国际科 学合 作。 daccess-ods.un.org | The programme is implemented internationally, with the core mission of engaging scientists in collaborative activities that improve chemical safety and security practices, reduce chemical threats, and strengthen international scientific cooperation through promoting beneficial research and development, working closely with an international [...] network of governmental [...] partners, national professional chemical societies, academics and chemical industry organizations. daccess-ods.un.org |
这些成果和通告包括：在里斯本和里约热内卢首次建成两家 [...] “对话吧”；与教科文组织、伊斯兰历史艺术文化研究中心、伊斯兰会议组织、 国际劳工组织、阿拉伯联盟教育、文化及 科 学组 织 (阿 盟教科文组织)和黑海经济 合作组织等 国际机构谈判、缔结延长协定；奖学金方案第二阶段定于 2010 年 11 月开始；与国际移民组织一起推出移民和融合在线社区；发起青年团结基金第三 期。 daccess-ods.un.org | They included the inauguration of the first two Dialogue Cafés in Lisbon and Rio de Janeiro; the negotiation, conclusion or renewal of agreements with international bodies, including UNESCO, the Research Centre for Islamic History, Art and Culture, the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC), the Arab League Educational, [...] Scientific and [...] Cultural Organization (ALECSO), and the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation; the second [...]phase of the Fellowships [...]Programme, due to start in November 2010; the launch of the Online Community on Migration and Integration, in partnership with IOM; and the launch of the third edition of the Youth Solidarity Fund. daccess-ods.un.org |
与经合组织合作实 施的一 个坦桑尼亚共和国项目是这项工作的一部分。 unesdoc.unesco.org | A project for the United Republic of Tanzania, partnering with OECD, forms part of this work. unesdoc.unesco.org |
论坛可同其他相关组织、协定和机构 开展更为密切的合作，尤其就促进产自可持续管理森林的森林产品国际贸易和打击 森林产品非法国际贩运开展更为密切的合作，还可加强国家间的技术和 科 学合 作。 daccess-ods.un.org | Closer cooperation between the Forum and [...] other relevant organizations, agreements and institutions, especially in relation to promoting international trade in forest products from sustainably managed forests and addressing illicit international trafficking in forest products, could take place as well as strengthening technical and scientific cooperation among countries. daccess-ods.un.org |
或许结合不同方式的最好的例子是对脑炎支原体的分 析，其中结合了基因组学、代 谢学、蛋白质组学、结构信息以及分子信息。 daccess-ods.un.org | Perhaps the best example of combining different approaches was the characterization of Mycoplasma pneumoniae which included the integration of genomic, metabolic, proteomic, structural and cellular information. daccess-ods.un.org |
这次合作采取了如下形式：(a) 开展技术及后勤合作，在苏丹 达尔富尔 Al-Genaina 建立眼科医院，该医院于 2006 年 1 月开诊；(b)合作抵 抗非 洲和亚洲贫穷国家的视力损害问题；(c)参加世卫组织主办的关于预防失明的会 议；(d)参加由世界医学协会、世卫组织、国际 医 学组 织 理事会和伊斯兰 医 学组织 在 开罗举办的生物伦理公约会议；(e)参加 2007 年在开罗举办的关于干细胞研究 和伦理挑战的国际研讨会。 daccess-ods.un.org | This collaboration took the following forms: (a) technical and logistic cooperation on the establishment of an eye hospital in Al-Genaina, Darfur, Sudan, which opened in January 2006; (b) cooperation on combating visual impairment in needy countries in Africa and Asia; (c) participation in a WHO-sponsored meeting on the prevention of blindness; (d) participation in a convention [...] on bioethics [...] organized by the World Medical Association, WHO, the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences and the Islamic Organization for Medical Sciences in Cairo; (e) participation in an international seminar on stem cell research and ethical challenges, [...]Cairo, 2007. daccess-ods.un.org |
会议最后一天，10 个学校和组织聚集在纽约联合国总 部，拉丁美洲 的一组学生则聚集在墨西哥城联合国 新 闻中心举行平行会议。 daccess-ods.un.org | On the final day of the [...] Conference, 10 schools and organizations assembled at United Nations Headquarters in New York, while a group of students from Latin America [...]gathered for a parallel conference at the United Nations Information Centre in Mexico City. daccess-ods.un.org |
基金会获得世界自然保护联盟（IUCN）提供的 科 学合 作 支援；IUCN联盟是一个国际性 的 组 织 ， 总计1000名左右的政府和非政府成员，人人对森林保护专题克尽职责。 audemarspiguet.com | It benefits from the scientific cooperation of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), an organization comprising [...] almost 1,000 governmental [...]and non-governmental members, all responsible for conservation issues. audemarspiguet.com |
值得特别指出的是，迄今为止，2001年设立的澳中科技合作特别基金（Australia–China Special Fund for Scientific and Technological Cooperation）已扶持了130多个联合研究项目（项目涉及的领域包括农业、生物技术、信息通信技术、环境保护、气候变化、采矿、能源与先进材料 等共同优先发展的领域），并成立了水资源、基因表 型 组学 、 干 细胞、无线通讯和功能分子材料等五个 联 合 研 究 中心。 australiachina.com.au | Of particular note, the Australia–China Special Fund for Scientific and Technological Cooperation, which was launched in 2001, has so far supported more than 130 joint research projects in common priority areas, such as agriculture, biotechnology, ICT, environment, climate change, mining, energy and advanced materials, leading to the establishment of five joint research centres in water, phenomics, stem cells, wireless communications and functional molecular materials. australiachina.com.au |
一大批具体的建议已提交给对话的协调员，如建立 大 学 的 对话与网络；青年 科 学 家的 对话，邀请教科文组织教席担任者参与对话活动；两个地区的实习记者和资深新闻工作者的 对话；举行青年论坛；重新启动文学作品翻译委员会，增加用欧洲语言翻译的阿拉伯作品； 学校教科书的比较研究；文化产业专业人士的对话；举办跨地区会议，探讨欧洲历史教科书 [...] 中阿拉伯伊斯兰文化的形象。 unesdoc.unesco.org | A host of concrete proposals were suggested to the coordinators of the Dialogue, such [...] as: dialogue and [...] networking among universities; dialogue among young scientists, involving UNESCO chairholders in dialogue activities; dialogue among student journalists [...]and seasoned media [...]practitioners from both regions; the holding of youth forums; reactivation of the Committee for the Translation of Literary Works and increase in the translation of Arabic works into European languages; a comparative study of school textbooks; dialogue involving professionals from cultural industries; the organization of an interregional conference on the image of Arab-Islamic culture in European history books. unesdoc.unesco.org |
这个团队正积极参与国际合作和 倡议，例如2002-2005年由Apweiler博士主持的人类蛋白质组组织（HUPO）蛋白 质 组学 标 准 倡议（HPSI）。 tilsi.org | The group is actively involved in many international [...] collaborations and initiatives like the Human Proteome Organization (HUPO) Proteomics Standards Initiative (HPSI), which was chaired by Dr. Apweiler 2002-2005. tilsi.org |
与一些教科文组织教席及城市和地方政府联合会建立了密切合作，延长了地方当局的 工具包，以及城市行为体促进移徙者融入城市环境的指南，为世界各地致力于促进其不同族 群社会融合的许多城市提供先进的实用工 具 组合。 unesdoc.unesco.org | A close cooperation has been established with a number of UNESCO Chairs and the association of United Cities and Local Governments (UCLG), which resulted in an extension of a tool kit for local authorities and a guide for urban actors to increase migrant’s inclusion in urban settings, providing a state-of-the-art practical set of tools to be made available to the many cities around the world that are committed to promote social inclusion of their diverse populations. unesdoc.unesco.org |
八国集团在 2003 年于法国埃维昂举行的首脑会议上设立了非洲伙伴关系论坛， 以支持扩大非洲与经合组织国家，连同非洲联盟、新伙伴关系、欧洲委员会(EC)、 国际货币基金组织、经合组织、联合 国 、 世界银行、世界贸易组织以及非洲经济委 员会之间的高级政策对话。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Africa Partnership Forum was established by the Group of Eight at the summit held in Evian, France, in 2003 to support an expanding senior policy dialogue between Africa and OECD countries together with the African Union, NEPAD, the European Commission (EC), IMF, OECD, the United Nations, the World Bank, and the World Trade Organization (WTO) and ECA. daccess-ods.un.org |
援助侧重于以下几个方面：(a)建立符合国际标 准和规范的法律和政策框架；(b)加强国内机构特别是反腐败机构和刑事司法机 关的能力，以便以综合协调的方式有效预防和控制腐败；(c)在公共和私营部 门，包括在公共资源管理方面，增强廉洁和问责制并提高透明度；(d)协助有关 政府机关进行国际合作并 在国内和国际范围追回资产；(e)与国际社会成员和联 合国系统成员发展战略性和主题性的 合 作 伙 伴关系，以确保技术援助提供工作 的一致性；(f)支助建立网络和平台，使会员国在区域和国际层面进行政策对话 和同侪学习。 daccess-ods.un.org | Assistance focuses on (a) establishing legal and policy frameworks consistent with international standards and norms; (b) strengthening the capacity of domestic institutions, in particular anti-corruption bodies and criminal justice institutions, to effectively prevent and control corruption in an integrated and coordinated way; (c) enhancing integrity, accountability and transparency in public and private sectors, including the management of public resources; (d) supporting relevant Government institutions in international cooperation and the recovery of assets at [...] the domestic and [...] international levels; (e) development of strategic and thematic partnerships with members of the international community and United Nations system to ensure coherency in the delivery of technical assistance; and (f) supporting the establishment of networks and platforms for policy dialogue and peer learning among Member States [...]at the regional and international levels. daccess-ods.un.org |
(e) 请各成员国设立机制，实施阿拉伯联盟教育、文化和 科 学组 织 制订的改 善教育的计划，并开始予以实施，但要灵活变通，反映各国的能力及其所通过的 [...] 国家政策。 daccess-ods.un.org | (e) To request member States to adopt mechanisms for implementing the plan for improving education that was [...] prepared by the Arab League Educational, [...] Cultural and Scientific Organization, and to begin [...]implementation, while demonstrating [...]flexibility and reflecting the capacities and adopted policies of States. daccess-ods.un.org |
在 2009 年于布达佩斯举 行的世界科学论坛上，这此类活动包括：第三世界科学院（TWAS） [...] 年度会议，77 国集团和中国科学与教育部长会议，由国际学会联盟 [...] 举办的人类尊严研讨会、世界青年科学家学院、以色列--巴勒斯坦科 学组织（ IPSO）以及 77 国集团和中国的国际科学、技术和创新中心 [...] 等的理事机构会议，以及议会研究、科学和教育委员会成员会议。 unesdoc.unesco.org | At the World Science Forum 2009 in Budapest, such events included the annual meeting of the Third World Academy of Science (TWAS), a meeting of science and education ministers of the G77+China, a symposium on human dignity organized by the International Union of Academies, the governing board meetings of the World [...] Academy of Young Scientists, the [...] Israeli-Palestine Science Organization (IPSO) and the [...]International Science, Technology and [...]Innovation Center of the G77+China group, and a meeting of members of parliamentary research, science and education committees. unesdoc.unesco.org |
由于国际性法院的具体性质，所产生的另一个挑战是需要将不同的法 官 组合 成一 个新的整体，其中每个人都有着不同的文化和法律背景：一些法官来自英美 法系国家，其他法官来自罗马日耳曼法系或其他传统的国家；一些法官是刑事律 师，其他人则主要熟悉国际法；一些人以前有过司法经验，其他人则没有。 daccess-ods.un.org | Another challenge arising from the specific nature of international courts is the need to amalgamate various judges in order to establish a new whole, made up of individuals with different cultural and legal backgrounds: some judges come from common-law countries, others from States with Romano-Germanic or other traditions; some judges are criminal lawyers, while others are familiar primarily with international law; some have previous judicial experience, while others do not. daccess-ods.un.org |
英汉双解词典包含2273206条英汉词条，基本涵盖了全部常用单词的翻译及用法，是英语学习的有利工具。