| 单词 | 空对空导弹 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 | 空对空导弹 —air-to-air missileSee also:空空导弹—air-to-air missile 导弹—guided missile • cruise missile
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60 年代初期，SAT 公司设计出了世界上第一台空 对空导弹 红 外 导航系统。 safran.cn | In the early 60’, SAT designed [...] the world’s first infrared guidance system for an air-to-air misile. safran.cn |
米格-29M能携带 RVV-AE、R-27ER1、R-27ET1、R-27R1、R-27T1、R-73E 空对空导弹,Kh-2 9T、Kh-29L、Kh-31A、Kh-31P、Kh-3 5E 空 对 地 导 弹，KAB-500 KR(OD)、KAB-500L制导炸弹，以及火箭弹和自由落体炸弹。 trumpeter-china.com | The aircraft external stores can carry the RVV-AE, R-27ER1, R-27ET1, R-27R1, R-27T1, R-73E air-to-air missiles, the Kh-29T, Kh-29L, Kh-31A, Kh-31P, Kh-35E air-to-surface missiles, the KAB-500KR (OD), KAB-500L guided bombs, as well as rockets and free-fall bombs. trumpeter-china.com |
顾名思义，便携式防空系统就是短程 地 对空导弹 系 统，它可以击落飞行高 度低于约 4 500 米的飞机，因此对军事和民用航空都构成严重威胁。 daccess-ods.un.org | By definition, man-portable air defence systems are short-range surface-to-air missile systems that can [...] shoot down aircraft [...]flying at altitudes under approximately 4.5 km and which therefore present a significant threat to both military and civilian aviation. daccess-ods.un.org |
尽管阿根廷共和国试图将这些导弹描绘成对阿根廷和其他国家造成威胁，但这些 导弹完全是防御性的：它们是射程约为 6 800 米的地对空导弹。 daccess-ods.un.org | Despite the Republic of Argentina’s attempts to portray these missiles as posing a threat to Argentina and [...] others, they are entirely defensive in nature: [...] they are surface-to-air missiles with an approximate [...]range of 6,800 metres. daccess-ods.un.org |
此外，第 2017(2011)号决议规定专家小组的任务是，协助委员会与反恐怖主 义委员会执行局合作，协同包括国际民用航空组织(民航组织)在内的其他相关联 合国机构，与国际和区域组织及实体协商，评估从利比亚扩散的所有各类军火和 相关物资，尤其是便携式地对空导弹 ， 在 该区域造成的威胁和挑战，特别是与恐 怖主义有关的威胁和挑战，并向安理会提交一份工作文件，说明应对这一威胁和 防止军火和相关物资扩散的建议，其中包括安全处置这些军火和相关物资、确保 安全和有保障地管理相关库存、加强边界管制和加强运输安全的措施。 daccess-ods.un.org | In addition, in resolution 2017 (2011) the Panel of Experts was tasked with assisting the Committee which would, in cooperation with the Counter-Terrorism Executive Directorate, and working with other relevant United Nations bodies including the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), and in consultation with international and regional organizations and entities, assess the threats and challenges, in particular related to terrorism, posed by the proliferation of all arms and related materiel of all types, in particular man-portable surface-to-air missiles, from Libya, in the region, and submit a working document to the Council on proposals to counter this threat, and to prevent the proliferation of arms and related materiel, including measures to secure those arms and related materiel, to ensure that stockpiles are managed safely and securely, to strengthen border control and to enhance transport security. daccess-ods.un.org |
他们表示，可能有更先进的武器，如 地 对空导弹和 单兵手提式防空系统被转移到该区域。 daccess-ods.un.org | They indicated the possibility of more advanced weapons, [...] such as surface-to-air-missiles and man-portable [...]air defence systems, being transferred into [...]the region, but did not provide evidence of their existence or recovery. daccess-ods.un.org |
安理会第 2017(2011)号决议请委员会在专家小组协助下，与安全理事会第 1373(2001)号决议所设委员会(即反恐怖主义委员会)执行局合作，协同包括国际 民用航空组织在内的其他有关联合国机构，与国际和区域组织及实体协商，评估 从利比亚扩散的所有各类军火和相关物资，尤其是便携式 地 对空导弹 ， 在 该区域 造成的威胁和挑战，特别是与恐怖主义有关的威胁和挑战。 daccess-ods.un.org | By its resolution 2017 (2011), the Council requested the Committee, with assistance from its Panel of Experts, in cooperation with the Executive Directorate of the Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolution 1373 (2001), known as the Counter-Terrorism Committee, working with other relevant United Nations bodies, including the International Civil Aviation Organization, and in consultation with international and regional organizations and entities, to assess the threats and challenges, in particular related to terrorism, posed by the proliferation of all arms and related materiel of all types, in particular man-portable surface-to-air missiles, from Libya in the region. daccess-ods.un.org |
评估团的任务是收集以下信息：(a) 失业回归者，包括移徙工人和离开利 [...] 比亚的前战斗员以及图阿雷格和图布武装分子大量涌入这些国家，他们的回归 [...] 正对东道国社区的社会经济和政治稳定产生影响；(b)大量武器流入该区域，小 武器和轻武器以及地对空导弹和爆炸物扩散；(c) 这些国家犯罪活动和恐怖主 [...]义活动的性质及程度，为对付这些活动正在采取的区域举措；(d) 对安全部门 [...] 产生的影响；(e) 国家安全部门的行动能力；(f) 司法改革；(g) 为消除经常发 生的粮食无保障和营养不良的根源以及处理其他人道主义问题而需要作出的更 多努力；(h) 青年人失业；(i) 灾害风险评估。 daccess-ods.un.org | The mission was mandated to collect information on (a) the influx of unemployed returnees, including migrant workers, former combatants from Libya and armed Tuareg and Toubou elements into these countries, as well as the impact that their return is having on the socio-economic and political stability in the host communities; (b) the inflow of weapons into the region and the [...] proliferation of small arms and light [...] weapons, surface-to-air missiles and explosives; [...](c) the nature and the extent of criminal [...]and terrorist activities in these countries and ongoing regional initiatives to address them; (d) the impact on the security sector; (e) the national operational capacity of the security sector; (f) judicial reform; (g) additional efforts needed to address the root causes of recurrent food insecurity and malnutrition, as well as other humanitarian issues; (h) youth unemployment; and (i) disaster risk evaluation. daccess-ods.un.org |
随后，安理会第 2022(2011)号决议决定联合国利比亚支助团(联利支助团) 的任务还应包括在与利比亚过渡政府协调和协商后，协助和支持利比亚在全国努 [...] 力消除各类军火和相关物资、尤其是便携式 地 对空导弹 扩 散 的威胁，同时除其他 外考虑到第 2017(2011)号决议第 [...]5 段提到的报告。 daccess-ods.un.org | Subsequently, in its resolution 2022 (2011), the Council decided that the mandate of the United Nations Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL) should include the tasks of assisting and supporting, in coordination and consultation with the Transitional Government of Libya, Libyan national [...] efforts to address the threats posed by the proliferation of all arms and related materiel of all types, in particular [...] man-portable surface-to-air missiles, taking into account, [...]among other things, [...]the report mentioned in paragraph 5 of resolution 2017 (2011). daccess-ods.un.org |
其中包括突击步枪；通用机枪和重机枪以及高射机枪；无后坐力炮和迫击炮；便 携式反坦克和杀伤人员榴弹发射装置和火箭弹；一个 地 对空导弹 发 射 器。 daccess-ods.un.org | They included assault rifles; general purpose, heavy and anti-aircraft machine guns; [...] recoilless guns and mortars; portable launchers for anti-tank and [...] anti-personnel grenades and rockets; and a surface-to-air missile launcher. daccess-ods.un.org |
第二，全国过渡委员会和国际社会必须对卡扎菲 政府积累的大量先进武器，包括地 对空导弹 ， 实 行控 制。 daccess-ods.un.org | Secondly, it is imperative that the NTC and the international community establish [...] control over the large stocks of sophisticated arms, [...] including groundto-air missiles, amassed by the [...]Al-Qadhafi Government. daccess-ods.un.org |
(d) 打击各类武器和各类相关材料、特别是便携式 地 对空导弹 的 非法扩散， 清除战争遗留爆炸物，执行排雷方案，保障利比亚边界的安全和管理边界，与联 [...] 合国相关机构、禁止化学武器组织和国际与区域伙伴协调执行有关化学、生物和 核武器及材料的各项国际公约 daccess-ods.un.org | (d) counter illicit proliferation of all arms and [...] related materiel of all types, in [...] particular man-portable surface-to-air missiles, clear explosive [...]remnants of war, conduct demining [...]programmes, secure and manage Libya’s borders, and implement international conventions on chemical, biological and nuclear weapons and materials, in coordination with the relevant United Nations agencies, the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, and international and regional partners daccess-ods.un.org |
以色列占领军继续对加沙 地带的平民区进 行 导弹空 袭 和炮轰，这严重违反了 国际法，包括《关于战时保护平民之日内瓦公约》。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Israeli occupying forces [...] have continued to carry out missile air strikes and artillery bombardment [...]of civilian areas in [...]the Gaza Strip in grave violation of international law, including the Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in time of war. daccess-ods.un.org |
最后，我感到高兴的是梁将军指出并表示中方将考虑和研究作为更广泛战略和经济对话一部分的战略安 全 对 话 的启动，它涵盖核 、 导弹 防 御、 太 空 和 网 络问题。 embassyusa.cn | Finally, I was pleased that General Liang noted and said that the Chinese side would consider and study the beginning of a Strategic Security Dialogue [...] – as part of a broader Strategic and [...] Economic Dialogue – that covers nuclear, missile defense, space, and cyber issues. eng.embassyusa.cn |
利比亚12月2日，安理会一致通过第 [...] 2022(2011)号决议，将联合国利比亚支助团(联 利支助团)的任务期限延至 2012 年 3 月 16 日，并扩大了联利支助团的任务规定， [...] 增加的任务包括支持利比亚在全国努力消除各类军火和相关物资、尤其是便携式 地对空导弹扩散的威胁。 daccess-ods.un.org | The UNSMIL mandate was expanded by including the tasks of providing support to Libyan national efforts to address the [...] threats of proliferation of all arms and related materiel of all types, in [...] particular man-portable surface-to-air missiles. daccess-ods.un.org |
联合国驻利比里亚特派团部队将合并地点和基地，转为更机动的态势，并在 特派团军事部门减员的情况下开展工作，以便为该国各地提供安全防护，支持国 家安全部队，与新组建的军队举行联合演习，按照联合国军火禁运豁免规定检查 政府获得的武器和弹药库 存，供国家警察使用，开展警戒和搜查行动以收回非法 武器，保护联合国和政府所在地点和设施，并定期进 行 空 中 和地面巡逻，特别是 对边界 沿线和其他高风险地区进行巡逻。 daccess-ods.un.org | The forces of the United Nations Mission in Liberia will consolidate their locations and bases, shifting to a more mobile posture and working within the reduced strength of the military component of the Mission, in order to provide a security umbrella throughout the country, support the national security forces, conduct joint exercises with the new army, undertake [...] inspections of inventories [...] of weapons and ammunition obtained by the Government in accordance with the exemptions to the United Nations arms embargo for use by the national police, undertake cordon and search operations to retrieve illegal weapons, protect key United Nations and Government locations and installations and conduct regular air and ground patrols, in particular along the borders and in [...]other high-risk areas. daccess-ods.un.org |
一般认为，前苏联的这项战舰发展计划基本相当于美国海军的斯普鲁恩斯级驱逐舰，只是在 防 空导弹 和 对空 雷 达 的设置上有所不同。 trumpeter-china.com | Generally the Soviet equivalent of the American Spruance class, there are [...] variations in SAM and air search radar among [...]units of the class. trumpeter-china.com |
任职者将负责指导对 地勤 辅助设备的各项要求的规划和提供工作，以支助特派团的飞机运行、加油、 旅客上下、货物装卸、机场和空港安全标准和设备、坠机紧急救援车辆和设备， 包括对工作人员职等、资格和经验的要求，为此向特派团提供指导意见、起草 工作说明、编写对承包商的招标书和编写部队派遣国提供的飞机支助单位的工 作说明，确定设备规格，与其他部门密切联系，以拟定设备和车辆的预算和系 统合同，并就培训要求提供指导。 daccess-ods.un.org | The incumbent would be [...] responsible for directing the planning and provision of aerospace ground support equipment requirements to support aircraft handling, refuelling, passenger handling, cargo handling, airfield and air terminal security [...]standards and equipment, [...]emergency crash rescue vehicles and equipment in missions, including requirements for staff levels, qualifications and experience by providing guidance to missions, drafting statements of work, developing requests for proposals for contractors, preparing the statements of work for aircraft support units of troop-contributing countries, determining equipment specifications, liaising closely with other sections to establish budgets and systems contracts for equipment and vehicles, and providing guidance on training requirements. daccess-ods.un.org |
这里的新内容不是该区域本已存在的非法贩运 轻武器和小武器问题，而是目前流通的武器类别问题 ——不再仅是小武器，而且也有肩上发射 地 对空导弹 等重型武器，其更强的破坏力加剧了整个区域面临的 危险。 daccess-ods.un.org | What is new here is not the illicit trafficking of small arms and light weapons, which was already taking place in the region, but the type of [...] weapons that are in [...] circulation now — no longer just small arms but also heavy weapons such as shoulderfired surface-to-air missiles, whose greater destructive [...]power increases [...]the risk to the entire region. daccess-ods.un.org |
以前存在利比亚武器库中的火箭榴弹、 地 对空导弹 以 及 便携式防空系统，现在散 布于萨赫勒区域各地，有可能落入恐怖主义团伙之手。 daccess-ods.un.org | Rocket-propelled grenades, surface-to-air missiles, and man-portable [...] air defence systems, previously held in the arsenal [...]of the Government of Libya are now scattered across the Sahel region and could possibly fall into the hands of terrorist groups. daccess-ods.un.org |
立即冻结 2008 年 6 月 17 日第 92 号法律及其各项修订所界定的、由安 全理事会或委员会认定并载列于 S/2009/364 号文件附文的个人或实体， 或代表其行事或按其指示行事的个人或实体或由其所拥有或控制的实 体直接或间接拥有或控制的所有“资产”或“资金”；禁止 向 对 朝 鲜民 主主义人民共和国核相关、弹道导弹 相 关 和其他大规模毁灭性武器相关 计划负责的自然人、法人、实体或机构，或为其利益，或向代表其行事 或按其指示行事的此类人或实体，或向由其拥有或控制的实体，转让上 述“资产”或“资金”。 daccess-ods.un.org | Immediate freezing of all “assets” or “funds”, as defined by Law No. 92 of 17 June 2008 and its subsequent amendments, which are owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by the persons and entities designated by the Security Council or by the Committee and listed in the enclosure to the annex to document S/2009/364, or by persons or entities acting on their behalf or at their direction, or by entities owned or controlled by them; the prohibition of the transfer of such “assets” or “funds” to the natural or legal persons, entities or bodies being responsible for the nuclear, other weapons of mass destructionrelated and ballistic missile-related programmes of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, or for the benefit of such persons or entities, or to persons and entities acting on their behalf or at their direction, or to entities owned or controlled by them. daccess-ods.un.org |
(e) 防止便携式地对空导弹、小武器和轻武器的扩散，履行利比亚根据国际 法承担的军备控制和不扩散义务 daccess-ods.un.org | (e) prevent the [...] proliferation of man-portable surface-to-air missiles, small arms and [...]light weapons, and meet Libya’s arms [...]control and non-proliferation obligations under international law daccess-ods.un.org |
一些代表团表示，为了形成协同效应，使整个委员会受益，需要在法律小 [...] 组委员会与科学和技术小组委员会的外层空间活动长期可持续性问题工作组及 其各专家组（特别是针对空间领 域行动者的管理制度和 指 导 问 题专家组（D 专 家组））之间建立组织结构性更强的关系。 daccess-ods.un.org | Some delegations expressed the view that a more structured relationship between the Legal Subcommittee and the Working Group on the Long-term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities of the Scientific and Technical Subcommittee and its expert groups, in [...] particular the expert group on [...] regulatory regimes and guidance for actors in the space arena (expert group [...]D), was needed so as to [...]build synergies for the benefit of the Committee as a whole. daccess-ods.un.org |
表示关切来自利比亚的所有各类军火和相关物资、尤其是便携式 地 对空导弹 在该区域扩散，可能对区域和国际和平与安全产生影响 daccess-ods.un.org | concern at the proliferation of all arms and related [...] materiel of all types, in particular [...] man-portable surface-to-air missiles, from Libya, in [...]the region and its potential impact [...]on regional and international peace and security daccess-ods.un.org |
关于另一个问题，据提供的资料显示，2010 年 10 月 9 日，阿根廷向联合王 国提交了一份抗议信，反对联合王国打算从领土内发 射 导弹 ， 认 为“这种令人无 法接受的挑衅，可能引发区域军备竞赛，完全违反了阿根廷寻求和平解决争端的 [...] 一贯政策(见 A/65/504，附件)。 daccess-ods.un.org | On a separate matter, according to information provided, on 9 October 2010 Argentina submitted a letter of protest to the [...] United Kingdom [...] rejecting that country’s intent to fire missiles from the Territory as “an unacceptable [...]provocation conducive [...]to an arms race in the region, which is in direct contradiction to the Argentine policy of consistently seeking a peaceful solution to the dispute” (see A/65/504, annex). daccess-ods.un.org |
此外，在同一场合，上述国家总统通过了一项特别声明， 反对英国国防大臣关于在“马尔维纳斯群岛区”部署战斗机和海军的言论，并反 对联合 王国举行军事演习，包括从领土发 射 导弹 (见 A/C.4/66/SR.2)。 daccess-ods.un.org | Further, on the same occasion, the Presidents of the countries in question had adopted a special declaration in which they rejected the statements of the British Minister of Defence regarding the deployment of combat aircraft and naval power in the “Malvinas Islands zone”, as well as the [...] conduct of [...] military exercises by the United Kingdom, including the firing of missiles from the Territory (see [...]A/C.4/66/SR.2). daccess-ods.un.org |
这一认识体现在当前 为以下目的所开展的努力中：谈判缔结有关裁减和最 终消除核武器的新条约；使《全面禁止核试验条约》 [...] 生效；开始进行有关裂变材料条约的谈判；扩大有关 [...] 禁止非人道武器、地雷和集束弹药的条约的成员数 目；制订有关常规武器出口的法律限制；以及加强遵 守所有这些条约的努力，同时探讨能否 在 空 间 武 器， 以及也许有朝一日在导弹领域中，谈判达成新的法律 文书。 daccess-ods.un.org | This recognition is apparent in the ongoing efforts to negotiate new treaties concerning the reduction and eventual elimination of nuclear weapons; to bring the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty into force; to commence negotiations on a fissile material treaty; to expand membership in treaties that outlaw inhumane weapons, landmines and cluster munitions; to develop legal restraints on conventional arms exports; and to strengthen compliance with all these treaties, while [...] exploring the potential negotiation of new [...] legal instruments in such areas as space weapons and, one day perhaps, missiles. daccess-ods.un.org |
更有甚者，美国继续部署数百枚核武器，在军事同盟框架内计划在其他国 家部署核弹头和导弹防御 系统，培训这些国家 的 空 军 投 掷这些武器，美国新的《核 态势评估报告》承认上述行为违反了《不扩散条约》，美国还向那些其核设施在 [...] 原子能机构全面保障监督范畴之外运行的《不扩散条约》非缔约国转让核技术与 核材料，美国的这些行为违反了《条约》第一条关于《条约》的每个核武器缔约 [...] 国都承诺不向任何国家转让任何核武器的规定，也违反了第六条关于核武器国家 作出彻底裁军承诺的规定。 daccess-ods.un.org | Furthermore, by continuing the deployment of hundreds of nuclear weapons, planning [...] for the deployment of [...] nuclear warheads and defence missile systems in other countries and training the air forces of those countries [...]to deliver these [...]weapons in the framework of military alliances, which are violations of the Treaty confessed to in the new United States Nuclear Posture Review, and by transferring nuclear technology and materials to the non-parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons whose nuclear facilities are operating outside IAEA full-scope safeguards monitoring, the United States is in non-compliance with article I of the Treaty, which stipulates that each nuclear-weapon State party to the Treaty undertakes not to transfer to any recipient whatsoever nuclear weapons, and with article VI, which sets out the complete disarmament commitments of the nuclear-weapon States. daccess-ods.un.org |
又确认迫切需要根据利比亚承担的国际义务，安全处置并销毁利比亚的化学 武器库存， [...] 强调所有各类军火和相关物资、尤其是便携式 地 对空导弹 在 该 区域的扩散有 可能助长恐怖主义活动，包括基地组织在伊斯兰马格里布进行的活动 daccess-ods.un.org | also the urgent need to secure and destroy chemical weapons stockpiles in Libya, in accordance with its international obligations, that the proliferation of all arms and related [...] materiel of all types, in particular, [...] man-portable surface-to-air missiles, in the region [...]could fuel terrorist activities, [...]including those of Al-Qaida in the Islamic Maghreb daccess-ods.un.org |
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