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External sources (not reviewed)

Sessile spikelet ca. 7 mm; callus subacute, 1.3–1.7 mm, bearded with golden hairs, obliquely attached to branch apex; lower glume narrowly oblong, tuberculate-spinose along inturned flanks, sometimes hispidulous at apex, apex truncate or 2-toothed; upper glume hispid on keel toward apex, awnless, mucronate or with an awn up to 10 mm; upper lemmaminutely 2-toothed, awned; awn geniculate, 1.2–3.5 cm, column puberulous.

[...] [...] apex acute; callus hairs 0.4–0.5 mm; lemma ca.2/3 spikelet length, back villous except below apex, awned at or near lower 1/3, apex truncate, erose; awn geniculate, 3–4 mm; palea usually ca. 1/3 length of lemma.

[...] [...] hairs longest;lemma lanceolate in side view, keeled, leathery, scabrid, strongly 5-veined, acute or rarely mucronate; palea subequaling and almost enclosed by lemma, keels close [...][...]

[...] [...] obtuse; lowerlemma purplish, as long as spikelet, 5-veined with 3 central veins close together and outer 2 marginal, veins connected at tip; upperlemma purplish brown [...]

[...] [...] staminate, lemmasca. 5 mm, scabrid on back, margins ciliate, apex emarginate; first lemma awnless or mucronate; second lemma with subapical awn up to 4 mm; bisexual floret similar to staminate but smooth on back, scabrid near apex;palea 1(–2)-veined; anthers 2–3.5 mm.

[...] [...] 2.5–3 mm,lemma apex 2-denticulate, awned; awn geniculate with brown twisted column, 2–5 mm; callus hairs 1/4–1/3 length of lemma.

[...] [...] thinly hairy;lemmas rounded on back or compressed to keel, 5–9(–11)-veined, herbaceous or nearly leathery, margins often membranous, apex entire or 2-toothed; awn terminal or arising from lemma between teeth [...]

[...] [...] shorter; lower lemma very slightly longer than upper, leathery, globose to elliptic-ovate, puberulous or subglabrous, obtuse,upperlemma hairier.

Sessile spikelet 3.8–5 mm; callus golden bearded; lower glume broadly oblong, leathery, dark brown with a pale yellowish scarious band around apex and upper margins, glabrous, 2 outermost veins on each side connected below apex, connected vein minutely exserted, apex truncate, erose-denticulate, ciliolate; florets subequaling glumes; lower lemma lanceolate, apex obtuse to truncate; upper lemma apex truncate, awnless, or 2-denticulate, mucronate to shortly awned.

[...] [...] obtuse; lower lemmaslightly shorter than upperlemma,7-veined with intervein spaces nearly equidistant, glabrous or margins pilose; upper lemma pale purplish [...][...]

Sessile spikelet 4–5.5 mm; lower glume narrowly lanceolate-oblong, back deeply grooved, puberulous-scaberulous or occasionally hispidulous, 0–4-veined between keels, veins connected by veinlets below apex, apex subtruncate; upper glume scabrid on keel, acuminate; lower floret reduced to an inconspicuous linear-lanceolate scale or absent; upperlemma lanceolate or oblong, 1–1.5 mm, acute or bidenticulate, awnless or shortly awned; awn weakly geniculate, often included within spikelet, up to 6(–9) mm; upperpalea ovate, ca. 1 mm.

Spikelets oblong, 3–4.5 mm, glabrous or pubescent, often tinged purple, obtuse or acute, occasionally overtopped by long hairs from apex of pedicel; lower glume broadly ovate, 1/3–1/2 length of spikelet, 3-veined, obtuse or acute; upper glume ovate-oblong, as long as spikelet, 5-veined, acute; lower floret staminate, lemma similar to upper glume, palea well developed; upper floret thinly coriaceous, pale yellow or green, shiny, finely transverse rugulose.

Spikelets lanceolate, 3–3.5 mm, glabrous, acuminate; glumes broadly ovate, scaberulous on veins, acuminate to cuspidate; lower glume 1/2–2/3 length of spikelet, 5-veined, clasping at the base, separated by an internode; upper glume as long as spikelet, 7–9-veined; lower floret barren, lemmasimilar to upper glume, finely acute, palea poorly developed; upper floret oblong, 3/4 length of spikelet, pale yellow or olive green, shiny, obtuse.

Spikelets elliptic or ovate-elliptic, 1.3–1.9 mm, grayish green or purple tinged; florets nearly similar, bisexual or rarely lower male and upper female; glumes equal or subequal to spikelet, 7-veined, papillose-hispidulous especially above middle, obtuse; lemmas leathery, lower lemma glabrous, flatter and slightly longer than upper; upper lemma pubescent.

[...] [...] 3–5-veined; lowerlemma as longas spikelet, closely 7–11-veined, veins equidistant, thick, prominent, interspaces slitlike; upper spikelet with rows of silky hairs, usually also setose, the hairs spreading halo-like at maturity; upper lemmapallid,acuminate.

Spikelets obovate, ca. 3 mm; glumes subequal, ovate, pale with green keel, 3-veined, sparsely setose, apex acute; lower florets as long as glumes, sterile, composed only of lemmas, densely appressed-pilose on back, apex 2-lobed; first lemma with awn arising from middle, awn straight, equaling lemma body; second lemma deeply bifid, awned from sinus, awn straight; bisexual floret less than 1/2 length of glumes, smooth, shiny; anthers ca. 3 mm.

Spikelets light green, asymmetrically oblong, lightly dorsally compressed, 3.3–5 mm, glabrous, acute to subacute; lower glume broadly ovate, 1/4–1/3 spikelet length, 3–5-veined; upper glume ovate, slightly gibbous, 9-veined, acute; lower floret neuter or infrequently staminate, lemma as long as upper glume, ovate, 7-veined; lower palea present, often much reduced; upper lemma yellowish, narrowly ovate, 2/3–3/4 spikelet length, acute.