| 单词 | 硬通货 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 | 硬通货 noun —hard currency nSee also:硬 adj—hard adj • stiff adj 硬—firm • good (quality) • able (person) • resolutely • doggedly 通货 n—currency n 通货—exchange of goods
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由于 Himbol [...] 公司是一家人 阵拥有的公司，因此人阵经济部可以酬情管理国外 的 硬通货 存 款。 daccess-ods.un.org | Since Himbol is a PFDJ-owned company, the hard currency deposits abroad can be managed by the Economic Affairs [...] Department of PFDJ as it sees fit. daccess-ods.un.org |
但 2011 [...] 年以后，厄立特里亚新设立的采矿部门，特别是金 矿，可能成为该国硬通货币的 主要来源。 daccess-ods.un.org | From 2011 onwards, however, Eritrea’s newly emerging mining sector — especially gold — is likely to become the [...] country’s principal source of hard currency. daccess-ods.un.org |
硬通货汇款 存在 Himbol 公司和厄立特里亚之外的银行账户，而厄立特 [...] 里亚的收款人收到以当地纳克法货币支付的汇款。 daccess-ods.un.org | Hard currency remittances accumulate [...] in Himbol and embassy bank accounts outside Eritrea, while recipients in Eritrea receive [...]disbursements in local nakfa currency. daccess-ods.un.org |
这些 材料被运往需要硬通货，但 往往对废物的危险性认识有限，或没有能力安全处理 废物的国家。 daccess-ods.un.org | These materials were sent to [...] countries in need of hard currency, but often with [...]limited knowledge of the hazardous nature [...]of the waste or the capacity to dispose of the waste safely. daccess-ods.un.org |
监察组约谈了人阵和厄立特里亚国的前财政官员，他们指出，这 些 硬通 货存款由人阵管理，具体由 Hagos Gebrehiwot 领导，并不是通过厄立特里亚 银行、厄立特里亚商业银行、财政部等国家机构管理。 daccess-ods.un.org | Monitoring Group interviews with former PFDJ and Government of Eritrea [...] finance officials [...] indicate that these hard currency deposits are managed by PFDJ, under the direction of Hagos Gebrehiwot, and not through State institutions [...]such as the Bank [...]of Eritrea, the Commercial Bank of Eritrea, the Ministry of Finance or the Treasury. daccess-ods.un.org |
厄立特里亚当局继续主要依靠对厄立特里亚散居国外的侨民社群的域外征 税而获得硬通货。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Eritrean authorities continue to rely heavily on extraterritorial taxation among Eritrean diaspora [...] communities to generate hard currency. daccess-ods.un.org |
在某些情况下，宪法法院就国际法的其他问题或与国际法有 [...] 关的问题提出意见或裁决，其中大多数涉及与前南斯拉夫社会主义联邦共和国有 关的国家的继承问题(产权、硬通货节 余 等问题)，或涉及执行关于归还被前南斯 [...]拉夫国有化的财产的法律。 daccess-ods.un.org | Among those, the majority concern the questions of succession of States relating to the former Socialist [...] Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (issues of [...] property rights, hard currency savings, etc.) [...]or are related to the implementation [...]of the law on restitution of property nationalized in the former Yugoslavia. daccess-ods.un.org |
其中涉及的硬通货交易 比例比正规经济高得 多，而且几乎完全由公司、个人及银行账户错综复杂的多国网络进行境外管 [...] 理，许多公司、个人和银行账户并未宣称是人阵或厄立特里亚国家的任何附 属，但常常参与“灰色”或非法活动。 daccess-ods.un.org | It involves a much higher [...] proportion of hard currency transactions than [...]the formal economy and is managed almost entirely [...]offshore through a labyrinthine multinational network of companies, individuals and bank accounts, many of which do not declare any affiliation to PFDJ or the Eritrean State, and routinely engage in “grey” or illicit activities. daccess-ods.un.org |
这项禁令在 [...] 1996 年以前一直 有效，之后木炭出口猛增，为各竞争派系的领导人提供 了 硬通货。 daccess-ods.un.org | The ban remained in place until 1996, when charcoal exports [...] soared, providing hard currency for competing [...]faction leaders. daccess-ods.un.org |
他们用硬通货为 岌 岌可危的世界经济付出代价，⽽他们的 ⽇常生活却陷入困境。 unesdoc.unesco.org | They are paying for the juddering world [...] economy in hard currency, as their daily [...]existence is under threat. unesdoc.unesco.org |
这两大机构都面临着硬通货长期 不足的问题。2010 年 9 月，厄立特里亚 商业银行经理 Yemane Tesfay 告诉监察组，厄立特里亚几乎没有外汇储备：银 行 95%的存款都是纳克法，而且“如果厄立特里亚 有 硬通货 储 备 的话，那么厄 立特里亚银行会进行管理，但厄立特里亚没 有 硬通货。 daccess-ods.un.org | In September 2010, the Manager of the Commercial Bank of Eritrea, Yemane Tesfay, told the Monitoring Group that Eritrea held no foreign currency reserves to speak of, that 95 per cent of deposits with the Bank were held in nakfa, and that “the Bank of Eritrea would manage hard currency reserves if Eritrea had any, but it doesn’t”.308 376. daccess-ods.un.org |
311 377. 处理硬通货的机构不透明，从而壮大了 Gebrehiwot 先生和 Tefsay 先 生 的权力。 daccess-ods.un.org | Institutional opacity in the [...] handling of hard currency has empowered Mr. Gebrehiwot [...]and Mr. Tesfay. daccess-ods.un.org |
在硬通货币因 国际市场流动性大而有盈余的情 况下，汇率可能会面临下跌(货币升值)的压力，各国中央银行在这种情况下将面 临维持价格稳定和限制货币升值这两种选择。 daccess-ods.un.org | Here, however, central banks will again face the choice between maintaining price stability and limiting currency appreciation, in an environment in which exchange rates will very probably be subject to downward pressure (currency appreciation) owing to a surplus of hard currency resulting from abundant international market liquidity. daccess-ods.un.org |
322 385. 人阵/经济事务部还控制着厄立特里亚侨民寄给厄立特里亚的家人和朋 友的成千上百万美元的硬通货。 daccess-ods.un.org | The PFDJ Economic Affairs Department also controls millions of dollars in hard currency in [...] the form of remittances deposited by members of the Eritrean diaspora [...] sending money home to family and friends in Eritrea. daccess-ods.un.org |
据认为，从非洲的 观点来看，偷税和非法资本流动会使税收减少，拉大收入差距，损害竞争和贸 易，并消耗硬通货储备。 daccess-ods.un.org | It was stated that, from the African point of view, tax evasion and illicit capital flows reduced tax collection, worsened income gaps, hurt competition, undermined trade, and drained hardcurrency reserves. daccess-ods.un.org |
可持有特别提款权作为无任何净费用的储备资产，政府在需要时，就可将特 别提款权转换成硬通货。 daccess-ods.un.org | SDRs can be held as assets in reserves at no net cost to be [...] converted into hard currency if and when needed [...]by Governments. daccess-ods.un.org |
许多贸易都是通过硬通货来进行的。 crisisgroup.org | There is a [...] lot of trade done using hard currency”. crisisgroup.org |
1995 年，有毒废物的越境转移大多是在工业化国家之间进行的，这些国家 引入监管有害废物处置问题的严格法律之后，不再可能以具有经济效益的方式处 [...] 置此类废物，而发展中国家，尤其是非洲发展中国家，它们需 要 硬通货 ， 却 不具 备或仅具备有限的以无害环境的方式处置此类废物的技术能力。 daccess-ods.un.org | In 1995, the majority of transboundary movements of toxic wastes took place between industrialized countries, where these wastes could no longer be economically disposed of following the introduction of stringent legislation regulating hazardous waste disposal, and [...] developing countries, in particular in [...] Africa, which needed hard currency, but had no or limited [...]technical capacity to dispose of [...]these wastes in an environmentally sound manner. daccess-ods.un.org |
厄立特里亚政府官员指出，正规经济体系几乎完全是以不可兑换的本国货币纳 克法结算的交易，特点是硬通货长期 不足，理论上限制了厄立特里亚向外国武 装团体提供财政支持的能力。 daccess-ods.un.org | According to Government officials, the formal economic system involves transactions almost exclusively in nakfa, the [...] non-convertible Eritrean [...] national currency, and is characterized by a chronic hard currency deficit that [...]theoretically curbs [...]Eritrea’s ability to provide financial support to foreign-armed groups. daccess-ods.un.org |
事实上，朝鲜的这次发射是为了向伊朗展示自己的导弹实力，而伊朗可能成为朝鲜非法导弹和核技术——朝鲜当局唯一 的 硬通货 — — 的客户。 project-syndicate.org | In fact, it has been suggested that the launch is intended to be a demonstration to Iran of the North’s missile prowess, as the Islamic Republic could become a [...] customer for the illicit missile and nuclear-technology sales that are one of the [...] regime’s few sources of hard currency. project-syndicate.org |
资金的流动进一步脱离官方银行账户，改为由人阵代理人和 活动者处理的硬通货现金 支付，通过指定的厄立特里亚境外私人银行账户办 理。 daccess-ods.un.org | Movement of funds has shifted further away from official bank accounts into hard currency cash payments [...] handled by PFDJ agents [...] and activists via designated private bank accounts outside Eritrea.42 Cairo and Dubai continue [...]to be routinely cited [...]as key PFDJ financial hubs, but Kampala and Juba are both rapidly gaining in importance.43 daccess-ods.un.org |
这些硬通货至少 有一部分从迪拜流到内罗毕，进入厄立特里亚使馆控制 的账户。348 在使馆有机会了解财务交易的消息来源告诉监察组，使馆用开在 [...] 标准渣打银行和巴克莱银行的美元账户接收国外存入的款项。 daccess-ods.un.org | From Dubai, at [...] least some of the hard currency stream is directed [...]towards Nairobi, where the Eritrean embassy receives transfers [...]into accounts under its control.348 Sources with access to financial transactions at the embassy have informed the Group that the embassy has used dollar-denominated accounts at Standard Chartered Bank and Barclays Bank in Nairobi to receive dollar deposits from abroad.349 413. daccess-ods.un.org |
(c) 在以当地硬通货计算 扶养津贴的工作地点，可按 2009 年 1 月 [...] 1 日联合国官方汇率 将美元津贴额兑换为当地货币，并在下一个双年度审查之前维持不变 unesdoc.unesco.org | (c) at hard currency locations, the United [...] States dollar amount of the allowances are converted into local currency using [...]the official United Nations exchange rate at 1 January 2009, and will remain unchanged until the next biennial review unesdoc.unesco.org |
为了满足现 代能源生产的需要，需要进口大量化石燃料，对塞 内加尔的出口创汇和硬通货而言 造成负面影响，也 增加了该国面临燃料价格上涨时的脆弱性风险。 undpcc.org | In this new environment, an energy efficiency program has emerged as an important part of the rural electrification strategy of the Senegalese government. undpcc.org |
308 376. 硬通货存款(如果有的话)由国家发展部、财政部、厄立特里亚银行和 厄立特里亚商业银行派的代表以及人阵经济事务部主任 Hagos Gebrehiwot (aka Hagos“Kisha”)组成的一个硬通货监督理事会正式管理。 daccess-ods.un.org | Hard currency deposits, such as they exist, are officially managed by a hard currency oversight board comprising representatives of the Ministry of National Development, the Ministry of Finance, the Bank of Eritrea, the Commercial Bank of Eritrea and the Director of the PFDJ Economic Affairs Department, Hagos Gebrehiwot (also known as Hagos “Kisha”).309 In January 2011, however, the Manager of the Commercial Bank of Eritrea told the Monitoring Group that the board had not met since 2009, and that decisions concerning the allocation of hard currency resources were in fact made by the Director of the PFDJ Economic Affairs Department.310 This implies that that Department exercises de facto control over the hard currency raised by Eritrean embassies abroad from diaspora taxes, as well as revenues generated by commercial attachés at foreign embassies [...] who handle transactions [...]on behalf of PFDJ-controlled enterprises.311 377. daccess-ods.un.org |
强调 强调 强调 强调中美洲可持续旅游业是区域一体化的一个基本支柱，是社会和经济发展 [...] 的发动机，因为可持续旅游业在就业、收入、投资 和 硬通货 领 域作出重大贡献， 有助于实现千年发展目标 daccess-ods.un.org | that sustainable tourism in Central America is a fundamental pillar of regional integration and an engine of social and economic development, given its significant [...] contribution in terms of jobs, income, [...] investment and hard currency, and therefore [...]contributes to the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals daccess-ods.un.org |
据参与财政和情报工作的若干厄立特里亚前政府官员 透露， Gebrehiwot [...] 先生是与厄立特里亚采购活动(包括支持该区域武装团体的采购活 动)相关的所有硬通货业务 的总财政协调人，而 Tesfay 先生(曾是厄立特里亚 [...]人民解放阵线军事情报股“72 旅”的 1 名军官)负责提供技术咨询，支持 [...]Gebrehiwot 先生管理的财政工作。 daccess-ods.un.org | According to several former Eritrean Government officials involved in finance and intelligence operations, Mr. [...] Gebrehiwot is the overall financial [...] coordinator of all hard currency operations relating [...]to Eritrea’s procurement activities, [...]including support to armed groups in the region, while Mr. Tesfay (who was once an officer in “Brigade 72”, a military intelligence unit of EPLF) provides technical advice in support of financial operations overseen by Mr. Gebrehiwot.312 daccess-ods.un.org |
326 他们现在转 移的硬通货一般 限于不到 1 万美元，这显然是避免引起提出可疑的资金转移报 告。327 另一种情况是，私人可能被指示携带现金过境，他们有时专门为此获 发厄立特里亚外交护照。 daccess-ods.un.org | These include taxi drivers, grocery store owners and travel agents, some of whom may actually operate small front businesses on behalf [...] of PFDJ.326 The hard [...]currency transfers they make are now generally limited to less than $10,000, apparently to avoid triggering suspicious money transfer reports.327 Alternatively, private individuals may be instructed to physically carry cash across borders, sometimes being issued Eritrean diplomatic passports for that sole purpose.328 396. daccess-ods.un.org |
有关国家货币的纸币和硬币最迟是在 2002 年 2 月 28 日之后将不再在各参与国中 流通（法国是在 2002 年 2 月 17 日之后便不再流通）。 unesdoc.unesco.org | The national currency notes and coins will be no longer legal tender after 28 February 2002 at the latest in the participating [...] countries (after 17 February 2002 for France). unesdoc.unesco.org |
秘书长关于汇率和通货膨胀 率变动对卢旺达问题国际刑事法庭和前 南斯拉夫问题国际法庭 2010-2011 两年期拟议预算的影响报告(A/64/570) 中所述重计费用反映了实际通货膨胀的最新数据、薪金调查结果、年度 生活费调整、2009 年工作地点差价调整指数变动，以及 2009 年业务汇率 变化的影响。 daccess-ods.un.org | The recosting reflected in the report of the Secretary-General on the effect of changes in rates of exchange and inflation on the proposed budgets of both the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda and the International [...] Tribunal for the [...] Former Yugoslavia for the biennium 2010–2011 (A/64/570) reflects the impact of the latest data on actual inflation, the outcome of salary surveys, the annual cost-of-living adjustments, the movement of post adjustment indices [...]in 2009 and [...]the effect of the evolution of operational rates of exchange in 2009. daccess-ods.un.org |
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