| 单词 | 破约 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 | 破约 —break a promiseSee also:破—damaged • worn out • break with • capture (a city etc) • break, split or cleave • expose the truth of 破 v—defeat v • get rid of v
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此外，关于问责制，独立调查委员会认同实况调查团和其他许多来源的意见， 即这种形式的集体惩罚是违反国际人道主义法和国际人权法的行为，就国际人道 主义法而言，应根据《1949 年日内瓦第四公约》的严重破约条款 追究制订这种政 策的人的刑事责任，并根据习惯国际法追究所犯的战争罪责任。 daccess-ods.un.org | Furthermore, with respect to accountability, the Palestinian Independent Commission concurs with the views of the Fact-Finding Mission and many other sources that this form of collective punishment is a violation of international humanitarian law and international human rights law, and that, in connection with international humanitarian law, those who have established this policy should be held criminally accountable, pursuant to the grave breaches provisions of the Fourth Geneva Convention of 1949 and as a war crime under customary international law. daccess-ods.un.org |
假定 《第一议定书》适用于巴勒斯坦因以色列违反第 242 和第 338 号决议持续占领被 其在 1967 [...] 年战争后以武力占领的领土而展开的抵抗运动，则任何一方违反国际 人道主义法的任何行为都将受到《第一议定书》和《日内瓦第四公约》中有关严 重破约条款的制约。 daccess-ods.un.org | Assuming the applicability of Protocol I to the Palestine resistance movement against the continued Israeli occupation of the territories occupied by force after the 1967 war in violation of resolutions 242 and 338, any violations of [...] international humanitarian [...] law by any of the parties would be subject to the grave breaches provision [...]of Protocol I and the Fourth Geneva Convention. daccess-ods.un.org |
第八十五条第四款㈠项规定：“除上述各款和各公约所规定的严 重 破约 行为外，下列行为于故意并违反各公约或本议定书作出时，应视为严重 [...] 破坏本议定书的行为：㈠ 占领国违反第四公约第四十九条的规定，将 其本国平民居民的一部分迁往其所占领的领土，或将被占领领土的全部 [...]或部分居民驱逐或移送到被占领领土内的地方或将其驱逐或移送到被 占领领土以外 daccess-ods.un.org | Article 85 (4) (a) stipulates that: “In addition to the grave [...] breaches defined in the preceding [...] paragraphs and in the Conventions, the following [...]shall be regarded as grave breaches of [...]this Protocol, when committed wilfully and in violation of the Conventions or the Protocol: (a) the transfer by the Occupying Power of parts of its own civilian population into the territory it occupies, or the deportation or transfer of all or parts of the population of the occupied territory within or outside this territory, in violation of Article 49 of the Fourth Convention daccess-ods.un.org |
即使在这种情况中，为了使在国家继承之日之前未来得及反对保留的国家 [...] 或国际组织能够反对，那么维持领土范围已经扩大的保留必然会 打 破 条 约 的平 衡：这正是这一例外的狭义意思，即仅涉及保留的领土范围的扩大“使保留的实 [...]施条件发生根本的改变”的情况。 daccess-ods.un.org | Even in such a situation, in order for a State or international organization that has not objected in time to the reservation prior to the date of the succession of States to be able to object to it, it would be necessary that the maintenance of the reservation the territorial scope [...] of which has been extended should upset [...] the balance of the treaty: that is the [...]sense of the restrictive formulation of this [...]exception, which covers only those situations in which the territorial extension of the reservation “radically changes the conditions for the operation of the reservation”. daccess-ods.un.org |
在这方面，必 须表明的是，准许提出保留并不等于准 许 破 坏 条 约 的 目 的和宗旨。 daccess-ods.un.org | In that connection, it must be made quite plain that [...] authorization to formulate reservations was not tantamount [...] to licence to undermine the object and the purpose of the treaty. daccess-ods.un.org |
委员会还对不同的法律 来源――即，成文法和习惯法――的适用表示关切，因为这 可 破 坏 缔 约 国 将 其立法 与《公约》统一起来的努力。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Committee also expresses its concern about the application of different sources of law, namely [...] codified and customary [...] laws, which may undermine the State party’s efforts to harmonize its legislation with the Convention. daccess-ods.un.org |
我们对破坏《公约》监管制度的政策和举措感到关切， 如对海洋可持续新用途的管理，包括对国家管辖范围 以外海底生物多样性的养护和管理。 daccess-ods.un.org | We are concerned about policies and [...] initiatives that undermine the Convention’s regulatory system, [...]such as the management of new [...]sustainable uses of the oceans, including the conservation and management of the biodiversity of seabeds located beyond national jurisdiction. daccess-ods.un.org |
研究小组的工作无论如何都不应破坏 条约关系中稳定性和连贯性的原则。 daccess-ods.un.org | The work of the Study Group should [...] not in any way undermine the principles of stability and continuity in treaty relations. daccess-ods.un.org |
另一方面，允许这一可能性无限期存在，又有可能 会 破 坏 条 约关 系的安全性。 daccess-ods.un.org | On the other hand, allowing for this possibility to remain open [...] indefinitely could undermine the security of treaty relations. daccess-ods.un.org |
对这些官员提出控告和发出逮捕令，不仅 违反现行国际法规，而且也破坏缔约 国 主 权平等和独立的原则。 daccess-ods.un.org | The filing of charges and issuance of arrest warrants against such officials not only constituted a violation of the [...] international regulations in [...] force, but also undermined the principle of the sovereign equality and independence of States. daccess-ods.un.org |
建议供今后开展工作的议题包括一部国 际 破 产 公 约 、 破 产 或 濒临 破产企业董事和高级管理人员的责任、大型复杂金融机构的破产、企业主要利 益中心概念及有关的确定因素，以及管辖权和承认问题。 daccess-ods.un.org | Topics suggested for future work included an [...] international insolvency convention, liability of directors and officers of enterprises in insolvency or [...]in proximity to insolvency, [...]insolvency of large and complex financial institutions, the concept of centre of main interests (COMI) of an enterprise and the factors relevant to its determination, as well as issues of jurisdiction and recognition. daccess-ods.un.org |
提议的今后开展工作的议题包括：㈠一份关于 破产问题的国际公约；㈡破产或 濒临破产企业董事和高级管理人员的责任；㈢ 银行和金融机构的破产；㈣企业主要利益中心的概念和与确定该中心有关的因 素，以及管辖权和承认问题；㈤基于《破产法立法指南》特别是第三部分所涉 国际内容，拟定一部示范法；㈥主权破产；㈦审查《跨国界破产示范法》颁布 [...] 情况并推动其更广泛接纳；以及㈧公有或国有企业的破产。 daccess-ods.un.org | Topics suggested for future work [...] included: (i) an [...] international insolvency convention; (ii) liability of directors and officers of enterprises in insolvency or in proximity to insolvency; (iii) [...]insolvency of banks and financial institutions; [...](iv) the concept of centre of main interests (COMI) of an enterprise and the factors relevant to its determination, as well as issues of jurisdiction and recognition; (v) the development of a model law based upon the Legislative Guide on Insolvency Law and in particular the international aspects of part three; (vi) sovereign insolvency; (vii) review of the enactment of the Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency and promotion of its wider adoption; and (viii) the insolvency of public or State-owned enterprises. daccess-ods.un.org |
由于试图破坏《公约》的 保护， 致使遭受伊斯兰恐惧症患者之仇恨言论的受害人无法获得有效的补救，缔约国也 涉嫌违反《公约》第二条。 daccess-ods.un.org | By trying to undermine the protection guaranteed by the Covenant, leaving victims [...] of Islamophobic hate speech without effective [...]remedy, the State party has also allegedly violated article 2 of the Covenant. daccess-ods.un.org |
在加拿大，国家研究委员会的一项研究发现，聚氯乙烯 (PVC) 供水管道每年每 62 英里只有 0.7 处破损，相比之下铸铁管道约破损 36 处，而延性铁管破损 9.5 处。 exxonmobilchemical.com.cn | In Canada, a study by the National Research Council found that polyvinyl chloride (PVC) water-distribution piping suffered 0.7 annual breaks per 62 miles, compared to nearly 36 breaks for cast iron and 9.5 breaks for ductile iron. exxonmobilchemical.com |
特别地” 的字眼。提到多边条约的完整性是暗指保留引起的麻烦，它可 能 破 坏条 约制度的一致性。 daccess-ods.un.org | The reference to the integrity of [...] multilateral treaties is an allusion to the drawbacks of [...] reservations, which may undermine the unity of the treaty regime. daccess-ods.un.org |
21条第1 [...] 款的规定可以按对等原则援引该保留所产生的效果。这样保留 国或国际组织就会无意中负有国际义务，这会严 重 破 坏 条 约 关 系中的法律安全。 daccess-ods.un.org | The State or international organization that has withdrawn its objection is considered as having accepted the reservation and may therefore, in accordance with the provisions of article 21, paragraph 1, invoke the effect of the reservation on a reciprocal basis; the reserving State or international organization would then have incurred [...] international obligations without being aware of it, and this [...] could seriously undermine legal security in treaty relations. daccess-ods.un.org |
在这方面，本集团还 坚定地认为，任何旨在全面或部分阻碍充分行使这些不可剥夺权利的措施都违背 《条约》的宗旨和目标，严重破坏缔 约 国 权 利和义务之间的微妙平衡，并扩大发 达国家和发展中国家间在这一领域的差距。 daccess-ods.un.org | In this regard, the Group also firmly believes that any measure aiming at hampering, fully or partly, the fullest exercise of these [...] inalienable rights, [...] would seriously jeopardize the delicate balance between rights and obligations of States parties, in contravention with the Treaty’s object and [...]purpose and would widen [...]the gap between developed and developing countries in this field. daccess-ods.un.org |
在全体一致的制度中必须采取这种解决办法，因为这种制度下哪怕只 有一项反对，也会破坏其他缔约国全 体一致同意，因此不得有任何减损。 daccess-ods.un.org | This outcome was necessary under the system of unanimity, in which a single objection compromised the unanimous consent of the other contracting States; no derogation was possible. daccess-ods.un.org |
实际上， [...] 这种双重标准和自相矛盾的歧视性政策违背了《不扩 散条约》的文字和精神及其普遍性，而且只是 在 破坏 《不扩散条约》的完整性。 daccess-ods.un.org | Indeed, such double standards and discriminatory and paradoxical policies are [...] contrary to the letter and spirit as well as the universality of [...] the NPT and only undermine the integrity of the Treaty. daccess-ods.un.org |
赞比亚祈祷，拒绝转让的义务在适用时应没有例外情况，包括适用于腐败极 有可能破坏其他条约标准 有效适用的情况。 daccess-ods.un.org | Zambia prays that the duty to refuse transfers should apply without exception, [...] including in cases of a substantial risk that [...] corruption would undermine the effective application of other treaty criteria. daccess-ods.un.org |
他们认为，这种做法将破坏《公约》 的 整体性质，违反关于有义务尊 重、保护和履行所有权利的原则以及关于应当给予条约中所有权利以同等保护的 原则。 daccess-ods.un.org | In their [...] view, this would undermine the holistic nature of the Convention, the fact that, [...]for all rights, there were obligations [...]to respect, protect and fulfil and the principle that all rights covered in a treaty should be protected to the same degree. daccess-ods.un.org |
(h) 国际律师协会就关于考虑拟订一项跨国界企业集 团 破 产 国际 公 约和 （或）示范法的建议发表的意见（A/CN.9/WG.V/WP.93/Add.6）。 daccess-ods.un.org | (h) Comments by the International Bar Association respecting [...] proposals to consider [...] an international convention and/or Model Law on Cross-border Enterprise Group Insolvency (A/CN.9/WP.93/Add.6). daccess-ods.un.org |
这将破坏作为条约法基础的基本原则，即两愿原则。 daccess-ods.un.org | That would compromise the basic principle of [...] consensus underlying the law of treaties. daccess-ods.un.org |
阿拉伯叙利亚共和国否定将非《条约》缔约国的核地位合法化的任何企图， [...] 并告诫切勿企图将这些国家作为核武器国家列入不扩散制度，同时认为这种做法 会破坏《条约》的 公信力，不但会导致整个不扩散制度的瓦解，还会导致中东和 [...]全世界的核军备竞赛。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Syrian Arab Republic rejects all attempts to legitimize the nuclear status of States non-parties to the Treaty and cautions against any endeavours to include them in the non-proliferation regime as nuclear States, believing that [...] such an approach would detract from the [...] credibility of the Treaty and lead not only [...]to the collapse of the whole non-proliferation [...]regime but to a nuclear arms race in the region and the whole world. daccess-ods.un.org |
以色列军事攻击不仅造成无辜生命损失，还给巴 [...] 勒斯坦人的住房、财产和基础设施造成大规模的毁坏 和 破 坏 ，包 括约 21 000 处 住房、数千商家以及电力、供水、环卫、医疗、教育和农业基础设施。 daccess-ods.un.org | In addition to the loss of innocent life caused, the Israeli military assault caused massive destruction and damage to [...] Palestinian homes, properties and [...] infrastructure, including some 21,000 homes, thousands [...]of businesses and power, water, sanitation, [...]medical, education and agricultural infrastructure. daccess-ods.un.org |
这类机制还应当允许根据相关国际法律文书包括《反腐败公 约》所述要求处置已没收的犯罪所得，《反腐败 公 约 》 的 一项重大 突 破 是 ， 该公 约列有 关于资产追回的单独一章，并且把腐败犯罪所得资产的返还和处置作为 一项基本优先任务。 daccess-ods.un.org | Such mechanisms should also enable the disposal of confiscated proceeds of crime in accordance with the requirements set forth in relevant [...] international legal [...] instruments, including the Convention against Corruption, which, as a major breakthrough, included a separate [...]chapter on asset [...]recovery and made the return and disposal of assets derived from corruption offences a fundamental priority. daccess-ods.un.org |
此外，法国当局强加于另外 3 个岛屿上科摩罗人的签 证制度使许多家庭破裂，把马约特岛 及其姊妹岛屿昂 儒昂岛之间的海上通道变成了一块埋葬我国成千上 万同胞遗体的巨大墓地，而这些人只不过是想进入自 己领土的一部分。 daccess-ods.un.org | Furthermore, the visa regime imposed by the French authorities on [...] Comorians of the three [...] other islands has broken up many families by turning the sea channel that separates Mayotte from its sister [...]island Anjouan into [...]a huge cemetery, where rest the remains of thousands of my compatriots who only wished to gain access to a part of their territory. daccess-ods.un.org |
如果实质性的故意（至少是过失）违 约破 坏 了 协议目的，或被故意违反 的义务的履行是协议适当履行的前提，则应该排除间接损害的责任，比 如利益损失和结果损害——这也与合同的签约方有关。 supplyon.com | In the event of a culpable (i.e. at least negligent) material breach of duty jeopardising the purpose of the Agreement or a culpable breach of duty the fulfilment of which is a pre-requisite for proper performance of the Agreement, liability for indirect damages, for example lost profits and consequential damages, shall be excluded – also in respect of Contractual Partners of the contracting parties. supplyon.com |
如果实质性的故意（至少是过失）违 约破 坏 了 协议目的，或被故意违反 的义务的履行是协议适当履行的前提，赔偿责任范围应不超过签约方一 年内就约定的 SupplyOn 服务支付给 SupplyOn 的费用。 supplyon.com | In the event of a culpable (i.e. at least negligent) material breach of duty jeopardising the purpose of the Agreement or a culpable breach of duty the fulfilment of which is a prerequisite for proper performance of the Agreement, liability shall be limited to the amount equalling the regular remuneration the Contractual Partner paid to SupplyOn within one year for the respective SupplyOn Service agreed. supplyon.com |
合同双方应对其导致的任何损害互相承担责任而不论是否有法律事由， 只有当： (i) 该损害是由于实质性的违约造成，破 坏 了 协议目的，或者该 被违反的义务的履行是协议适当履行的前提，并且违约是出于故意（也 就是说，至少是过失），或者 (ii)该损害是由于重大过失或故意而造成， 或者 (iii)合同一方设定了担保。 supplyon.com | The contracting parties shall be mutually liable for any damage caused by them, regardless of the legal cause, only if (i) such damage is attributable to the material breach of duties jeopardizing the purpose of the Agreement, or breach of duties the fulfilment of which is a prerequisite for proper performance of the Agreement, and which is subject to a culpable act (i.e. at least negligent), or (ii) such damage has been caused by gross negligence or intent, or (iii) one of the contracting parties has assumed a guarantee. supplyon.com |
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