| 单词 | 破产法 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 | 破产法 noun —insolvency law nSee also:破产 n—insolvency n • bankrupt n • failure n 破产 pl—bankruptcies pl • bankrupts pl 破产 v—fail v • crash v 破产—go bankrupt • become impoverished
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它只 是想要通过类似于破产法对待 私人债务人的方法，阻止债权人以牺牲其他债权人 的利益为代价从主权债务中中牟取暴利。 daccess-ods.un.org | It only prevents them from obtaining extortionate payments on sovereign debt at the expense of other creditors in much the same way that insolvency law does in relation to private debtors. daccess-ods.un.org |
若干 与会者敦促进一步审议这些问题的现有提案，其中包括暂停偿还债务以及建立债 务仲裁中心或国际破产法庭。 daccess-ods.un.org | Several participants urged further consideration of existing proposals on these issues, including [...] a moratorium on debt payments as well as the creation of a debt arbitration centre [...] or an international bankruptcy court. daccess-ods.un.org |
关于破产对 知识产权担保权的影响所涉某些事项（见 A/CN.9/649，第 [...] 98-102 段）是否与担 保交易法有着充分的联系而应在附件草案中加以讨论这一问题，工作组未能取 [...] 得一致意见，因此工作组决定在今后的一次会议上再次讨论这些事项，并建议 请第五工作组（破产法）审 议这些事项（见 A/CN.9/649，第 103 段）。 daccess-ods.un.org | As the Working Group was not able to reach agreement as to whether certain matters related to the impact of insolvency on a security right in intellectual property (see A/CN.9/649, paras. 98-102) were sufficiently linked with secured transactions law as to justify their discussion in the draft annex, it decided to revisit those matters at a [...] future meeting and to recommend [...] that Working Group V (Insolvency Law) be requested to [...]consider those matters (see A/CN.9/649, para. 103). daccess-ods.un.org |
一般来说， 破产法主要 通过以下途径保护私人债务人：作为债务重组进程的一部分，在债务 [...] 重组完成前中止执行、暂停计息和暂时取消免除债务和义务的能力。 daccess-ods.un.org | Insolvency laws generally protect private [...] debtors by, among other things, stays of execution pending restructuring of debt, [...]suspension of accrual of interest and the ability to discharge debts and obligations as part of a debt restructuring process. daccess-ods.un.org |
破产法应当 允许被指定管理企业集团一成员破产程序的破产管理人，在 适用的外国法律允许的情况下，在外国代表这些程序行事。 daccess-ods.un.org | The insolvency law should permit an insolvency representative [...] appointed to administer insolvency proceedings with respect [...]to an enterprise group member to act in a foreign State on behalf of those proceedings, as permitted by applicable foreign law. daccess-ods.un.org |
无论如何，知识产权许可协议中载有下述规定的条 款是不受影响的，例如，许可于 X 年后终止或在发生实际违约如被许可人 没有及时升级或销售特许产品时终止（即引发自动终止的事件并非破产） 的条款不受影响（见《破产法指南 》建议 72 的脚注 39）。 daccess-ods.un.org | In any case, clauses included in intellectual property licence agreements that provide, for example, that a licence terminates after X years or upon material breach such as failure of the licensee to upgrade or market the licensed products on time (that is, where the event that triggers [...] the automatic [...] termination is not insolvency) are not affected (see footnote 39, recommendation 72 of the Insolvency Guide). daccess-ods.un.org |
第六工作组（担保权益）还商定把这段案文提交第 五工作组审核（见 A/CN.9/685 号文件，第 95 [...] 段），因为这些案文提到并试图归 纳《贸易法委员会破产法立法 指南》的有关部分。 daccess-ods.un.org | Working Group VI (Security interests) further agreed to refer that text to Working Group V for its consideration and approval (see document A/CN.9/685, para. 95), [...] as that text contains references to and seeks to summarize portions of the UNCITRAL [...] Legislative Guide on Insolvency Law. daccess-ods.un.org |
在上诉中，地区法院与破产法官的 意见相一致，认定法官负 有对法院所审理的任何事项进行问询的独立责任，事实上相反的证据已存在于 [...] 下级法院的记录中。 daccess-ods.un.org | On appeal, the District Court, [...] consistent with the bankruptcy judge’s opinion, [...]found that a judge has an independent duty [...]of inquiry on any matter before that court and that evidence to the contrary was in fact in the record before the lower court. daccess-ods.un.org |
在上述例 [...] 子中，一个解决办法可能是规定，如果按 照 破产法 ， SC 1 的权利未在 X 国登记 通知即不被认为具有对抗第三方效力，则 [...] SC2 的权利将优先。解决这一问题的 另一种办法可能如下：SC2 的权利将优先于破产管理人的权利，但须将收益交 给 [...]SC1，因为在 SC1 和 SC2 之间，SC1 将享有优先权。 daccess-ods.un.org | In the example mentioned, one solution could be to [...] provide that the right of SC2 would have [...] priority if under insolvency law the right of SC1 [...]is not recognized as effective against [...]third parties if a notice of it was not registered in State X. Another way to resolve this problem may be the following: the right of SC2 would have priority over the right of the insolvency representative, but would have to turn over the proceeds to SC1, because, as between SC1 and SC2, SC1 would have priority. daccess-ods.un.org |
具体提到《贸易法委员 会公共采购示范法》是一个重要的反腐败工具，提到贸易法委员会在商事争议 [...] 解决领域的文书有助于促进获得公平审理的机会并在全社会提倡法治文化，还 提到贸易法委员会的破产法律文 书，其中就基于规则解决财务困难、退出机制 [...]和资产分配作出了规定。 daccess-ods.un.org | Specific reference was made to the UNCITRAL Model Law on Public Procurement as an important tool in the fight against corruption, to UNCITRAL instruments in the area of commercial dispute resolution as relevant to the promotion of access to justice [...] and the culture of the rule of law in society as a whole, [...] and to UNCITRAL insolvency law texts that [...]provided rule-based resolution [...]of financial difficulties, exit mechanisms and the distribution of assets. daccess-ods.un.org |
在包括哥伦比亚在内的一些法域，破产 法官无 权确定活动是否具有欺诈性或就债务人业务是否合法作出裁决；因此， 审理破产事 项的法官很难适用这样的条款，因为例如对欺诈的认定属于刑事法 院法官的职权范围。 daccess-ods.un.org | In some jurisdictions, including that of Colombia, insolvency judges do not have competence to determine whether activities are fraudulent or to rule on the legitimacy or otherwise of a debtor’s business; it would therefore be very difficult for such a provision to be applied by judges hearing insolvency matters since the determination [...] of fraud, [...]for example, falls within the competence of criminal court judges. daccess-ods.un.org |
有与会者指出，如将国有企业列入破产框架的范 [...] 围，可能有一些重要的社会考虑因素，包括文化敏感性、与社会组织结构是否 相容的问题以及破产法的目 的和目标，因为这些企业涉及不同社会中需要审查 [...]其对资格标准的影响的债务人类别。 daccess-ods.un.org | It was suggested that if SOEs were to be included in the scope of an insolvency framework, there might be important social considerations, including cultural sensitivities, issues of [...] compatibility with the social fabric and the [...] purposes and goals of insolvency law as they related [...]to these types of debtor in different [...]societies, that would need to be reviewed for their impact on eligibility criteria. daccess-ods.un.org |
然而，国际贸易法律和实践的发展，以及贸易法委员会圆满 完成相关专题的工作，导致需要重新审议这些专题，并使得制定法规具有 可行性（例如统一国内破产法和担 保交易法）。 cnudci.org | However, developments in international trade law and practices, as well as the successful conclusion by UNCITRAL of work on related topics, have since created a demand for reconsideration of those [...] topics and made the development of legal texts feasible (for example [...] harmonization of national insolvency and secured transactions law). cnudci.org |
在世界金融和经济危机问题会议的谈判进程中，77 国集团加中国重申了这一 提议，方式是建立独立的国际债务仲裁制度，例如可能的话设立有可能遭遇债务 困扰的国家可向其申请暂停偿还债务的国 际 破产法 庭 ， 建立分摊负担的债务解决 机制，并根据拖欠后贷款计划建立对一国持续贷款机制。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Group of 77 and China reiterated this proposal during the negotiation process for the Conference on the World Financial and Economic Crisis, through the establishment of an independent international system of debt arbitration, such as a possible international bankruptcy court, in which countries facing risks of debt distress can have recourse to a debt standstill, a debt work-out with a burden-sharing procedure to be established and a continued lending facility to the country under a scheme of lending in arrears. daccess-ods.un.org |
请秘书长向大会第六十五届会议提交关于国际金融体系与发展的报告，建议 所有国家利用《立法指南》评估本国 破产法 制 度 的经济效率，在修订或通 过 破产 相关立法时积极考虑到该《指南》(第 65/24 号决议)。 daccess-ods.un.org | Furthermore, the General Assembly expressed its appreciation to the Commission for developing and adopting part three [...] of the UNCITRAL [...] Legislative Guide on Insolvency Law and recommended that all States utilize the Legislative Guide to assess the economic efficiency of their insolvency law regimes and [...]give favourable consideration [...]to the Guide when revising or adopting relevant legislation (resolution 65/24). daccess-ods.un.org |
因此，破产法应促 进在解决这些成员的财政困 难时，不仅考虑到个别债权人，还要顾及集团情形，以便为整个集团实现更 好、更加有效的破产解决办法。 daccess-ods.un.org | Accordingly, the insolvency law should facilitate the financial difficulty of those members being addressed in a manner that not only considers the individual debtors, but takes the group context into consideration in order to achieve a better, more effective insolvency solution for the [...] group as a whole. daccess-ods.un.org |
委员会回顾，委员会 2010 年第四十三届会议核可了载于 [...] A/CN.9/691 号文 件第 104 段的第五工作组（破产法）的 建议，即应当开始就两个议题开展活 [...] 动，这两个议题都具有现实意义，提高各国办法的统一程度将有助于提供确定 性和可预见性。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Commission recalled that, at its forty-third session, in 2010, it [...] had endorsed the recommendation by [...] its Working Group V (Insolvency Law) contained in [...]document A/CN.9/691, paragraph 104, [...]that activity be initiated on two topics, both of which were of current importance and where a greater degree of harmonization of national approaches would be beneficial in delivering certainty and predictability. daccess-ods.un.org |
破产法订有这类规定的，而且由不同法院参与管理集团不同成员相关程序的， 程序协调条文也应适用于法院，而且法院应当享有《示范法》第 [...] 27 条所规定的 类似权限。 daccess-ods.un.org | When the insolvency law so provides, [...] and different courts are involved in administering proceedings for different group [...]members, it is desirable that the provisions concerning coordination of proceedings apply also to the courts and that they have powers along the lines of article 27 of the Model Law. daccess-ods.un.org |
据指出，《立法指南》中的多数建议均使用 了“破产法”的 提法，会议经过进一步讨论决定一并列入置于方括号内的 “破 产法”和“与破产有关的法律”。 daccess-ods.un.org | It was noted that the majority of recommendations [...] in the Legislative Guide [...] referred to “the insolvency law” and it was decided, after further discussion, to include references to both the insolvency law and to the law relating to insolvency in square brackets. daccess-ods.un.org |
针对关于建议 232 草案中负责作 出认定的当事方提出的一个问题，提醒注意对该问题的审议应当结合建议 118 以及破产法为指定破产管 理人而采用的机制。 daccess-ods.un.org | In response to a question concerning the party responsible for making the determinations under draft recommendation 232, it was recalled that that issue should be considered in the [...] context of recommendation 118 and the mechanism [...] adopted by insolvency law for appointment of the insolvency representative. daccess-ods.un.org |
该[部分 ]并不述及在刑法、公司法或侵权行为法之 [...] 下所可适用的董事所持义务，而仅仅侧重于可列 入 破产法 并 且一旦启动破产程 序即可加以强制执行的那些义务。 daccess-ods.un.org | This [part] does not deal with the obligations of directors that may apply under criminal law, company law or tort law, focussing [...] only on those obligations that may be [...] included in the insolvency law and are enforceable [...]once insolvency proceedings commence. daccess-ods.un.org |
但应当注意到，破产法列入 这类限制的，在一些集团其中某个成员只有相 关人这一类别的债权人或者非相关人的债权人为数极为有限这种情况下，这类 [...] 限制便会造成困难。 daccess-ods.un.org | It should be [...] noted that where the insolvency law includes such [...]restrictions, they might cause difficulty in some groups [...]when a particular member has only creditors classified as related persons or a very limited number of creditors who are not related persons. daccess-ods.un.org |
破产法应当 允许被指定管理企业集团某一成员破产程序的破产管理人，在 履行其职能时并在法院的监督之下，尽可能与外国法院进行最大限度的合作， [...] 以促进这些程序与在其他国家对[该] [同一 ]企业集团其他成员启动的程序之间的 协调。 daccess-ods.un.org | The insolvency law should permit the insolvency representative appointed [...] to administer insolvency proceedings with respect [...]to an enterprise group member, in the exercise of its functions and subject to the supervision of the court, to cooperate to the maximum extent possible with foreign courts to facilitate coordination of those proceedings and insolvency proceedings commenced in other States with respect to members of [that] [the same] enterprise group. daccess-ods.un.org |
委员会进一步注意到，虽然《贸易法委员会跨国 界 破产 示 范 法》不适用于 企业集团，但工作组审议了《贸易法委员会跨国 界 破产 示 范 法颁布指南》增加 关于企业集团的材料的可能性，工作组商定，相关的参考材料可以列入《贸易 法委员会破产法立法 指南》25 的第三部分，该部分专门论述对企业集团的处 理。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Commission further noted that, while the Working Group had considered the possibility of adding material on enterprise groups to the [...] Guide to Enactment [...] of the UNCITRAL Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency, notwithstanding that the Model Law did not apply to enterprise groups as such, it had been agreed that references could be included to part three of the UNCITRAL Legislative Guide on Insolvency Law,25 which specifically addressed the [...]treatment of enterprise groups. daccess-ods.un.org |
许可协议条 款可以规定不同的结果（例如，任何被许可人破产时链中自破产被认可人以上 或以下的所有许可自动终止），但这些结果将 受 破产法 规 定 的限制的约束（例如 使自动终止条款无法执行）。 daccess-ods.un.org | The terms of a licence agreement may provide for different results (for example, automatic termination of all licences upon the insolvency of any [...] licensee up or down in the [...] chain from the insolvent licensee), but these results will be subject to limitations under insolvency law (for example, [...]rendering unenforceable [...]automatic termination clauses). daccess-ods.un.org |
委员会还审议了着手编拟一部《跨国 界 破产 示 范 法》判例法摘要的可取 性，这个问题是在第五工作组（ 破产法 ） 第 四十一届会议上提出的（A/CN.9/ 742，第 38 段）。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Commission considered the desirability of commencing the preparation of a digest of [...] case law on the Model [...] Law on Cross-Border Insolvency, an issue that had been raised at the forty-first session of Working Group V (Insolvency Law) (A/CN.9/742, [...]para. 38). daccess-ods.un.org |
但是，摊付令旨在解决 的一些问题可能并不需要在破产法之 中 列入专门的规定，因为其他一些法律已 [...] 经提供了救济，例如述及负债责任和不当经营的法律。 daccess-ods.un.org | A number of the issues that contribution orders are designed to address, however, may [...] not require specific provisions to be [...] included in the insolvency law, as remedies [...]may already exist under other laws, such [...]as those addressing liability and wrongful trading. daccess-ods.un.org |
例如，有些破产法规定 ，出 贷人在启动破产程序之前这段时间向破产债务人先期支付资金的，可能要对其 [...] 他债权人负债的增加承担责任，或该笔先期支付款将在随后的任何破产程序中 作为特惠交易被撤销。 daccess-ods.un.org | Some insolvency laws provide, for example, [...] that where a lender advances funds to an insolvent debtor in the period before [...]commencement of proceedings, the lender may be responsible for any increase in the liabilities of other creditors or the advance may be subject to avoidance in any ensuing insolvency proceedings as a preferential transaction. daccess-ods.un.org |
为了就这一点 [...] 提供进一步指导，工作组似应考虑是否在补充评注中论 述 破产法 的 目的就是防 止或处理财务困境，并就不符合这一定义的其他目的作出论述。 daccess-ods.un.org | To provide further guidance on this point, the Working Group may wish to consider whether [...] the additional commentary should [...] discuss the purpose of insolvency laws, i.e. to prevent [...]or address financial distress, and [...]other purposes that would not satisfy the definition. daccess-ods.un.org |
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