| 单词 | 相称性 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 | 相称性 noun —proportionality nSee also:相称 n—match n • suit n 相称—mutually compatible
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例如，一项经济措施对一个大型国际组织来说可能产生不了多 [...] 少影响，但对一个较小的组织而言，很可能严重影响其运行，藉此不符 合 相称性 标准。 daccess-ods.un.org | For instance, an economic measure that might hardly affect a large international organization [...] may severely hamper the functioning of a smaller organization and for that reason not [...] meet the test of proportionality. daccess-ods.un.org |
应当使用武器的惟 [...] 一情况，包括在示威期间，是迫在眉睫的死亡或严重伤害威胁，在此情况下使用 武力应遵循必要性和相称性要求。 daccess-ods.un.org | The only circumstances warranting the use of firearms, including during demonstrations, is the [...] imminent threat of death or serious injury, and such use shall be subject to the [...] requirements of necessity and proportionality. daccess-ods.un.org |
对于基本自由的任何限制都必须遵守合 法 性 与相 称性原则，并应减少到最低程度。 daccess-ods.un.org | Any restriction on fundamental freedoms must abide by the principles [...] of legality and proportionality and be reduced [...]to a minimum. daccess-ods.un.org |
必须制订严格的关于警察使用武力的 原则，并且应特别注意相称性原则。 daccess-ods.un.org | Strict principles regarding the use of force by the police must be in place and special attention [...] should be paid to the principle of proportionality. daccess-ods.un.org |
也有人指出，《联合国宪 [...] 章》第五十一条本身就是一个保留条款，没有对行使自卫权规定任何条件，比如 相称性或必要性的要求。 daccess-ods.un.org | It was also noted that Article 51 of the Charter of the United Nations was itself a saving clause and did not [...] set out all the conditions for the exercise of self-defence, such as the [...] requirements of proportionality and necessity. daccess-ods.un.org |
困难之一是，确保在使用合理性概念时，所要求的标准不会低 于相 称性和必要性所要求的标准。 daccess-ods.un.org | One of the challenges is to make sure that the [...] concept of reasonableness is not used in ways that pose lower standards than [...] those posed by proportionality and necessity. daccess-ods.un.org |
此外，我们吁请安全理事会和联合国相关机 [...] 构，尤其是人权理事会，采取坚定措施，以便制止 在被占巴勒斯坦领土针对平民的任意攻击，并取消 以色列当局多年来对加沙实施的不公正的围困，这 [...] 一围困是对被占领巴勒斯坦领土居民实施的一种集 体惩罚，其方式全然不顾相称性和有 区分原则并显 然违反了国际法的原则。 daccess-ods.un.org | Moreover, we call on the Security Council and the relevant United Nations bodies, especially the Human Rights Council, to take firm measures to put a stop to random attacks against civilians in the occupied Palestinian territories, as well as to lift the unjust siege imposed by the Israeli authorities for many years on Gaza, which is a form of collective punishment imposed on the residents of the occupied [...] Palestinian territories in a manner that takes [...] no account of proportionality or differentiation [...]and clearly violates the [...]principles of international humanitarian law. daccess-ods.un.org |
相称性原则 规定，应对灾害 的行动应与受灾范围及受灾人员的需求相称。 daccess-ods.un.org | The principle of proportionality stipulates that [...] the response to a disaster be proportionate to the scope of that disaster [...]and the needs of affected persons. daccess-ods.un.org |
在这一方面，我希望重申巴勒斯坦的坚定立场，占领国和被占领人民之间绝 对没有任何对称性或相称性，因此，我们拒绝任何将占领国以色列对巴勒斯坦人 民所实施的军事侵略和犯罪与巴勒斯坦方面可能实施的行动等同起来的做法。 daccess-ods.un.org | In this regard, I wish to reiterate Palestine’s firm [...] position that there is [...] absolutely no symmetry or proportionality between the occupying Power and the occupied people and thus our rejection of any equating of the military [...]aggression and [...]crimes committed by Israel, the occupying Power, against the Palestinian people with actions that may have been committed by the Palestinian side. daccess-ods.un.org |
该 文书的另一个基石是力图兼顾人道主义关切和军事需要；换言之，切实执 行相 称性规则。 daccess-ods.un.org | Another cornerstone of the instrument was the attempt to [...] balance humanitarian concerns and military needs; in other words, the practical [...] implementation of the rule of proportionality. daccess-ods.un.org |
作为创新，这些准则将在《刑法》所规 定的每一犯罪者的判决中提供明确性 、 相称性 和 透 明度。 daccess-ods.un.org | The first of its kind, these guidelines will [...] provide clarity, proportionality and transparency in the sentencing of individuals under each of the offences [...]laid down by the Penal Code. daccess-ods.un.org |
相 称性原则 要求拘留要有正当的目的，而如果不再存在真正确实的清除前景，那 么，这种目的就不复存在。 daccess-ods.un.org | The principle of proportionality requires that detention [...] has a legitimate aim, which would not exist if there were no longer [...]a real and tangible prospect of removal. daccess-ods.un.org |
使用武力只 能作为一种最后手段，而且必须在必 要 性 和 相称性 的 范围内使用武力。 daccess-ods.un.org | Force is to be used as a last resort and the force used must be within [...] the bounds of necessity and proportionality. daccess-ods.un.org |
使用这些武器违反了国际人道主义法对造成不 必要伤害和/或不必要痛苦的武器使用方法和作战手 段作出的禁令，也违反了必须始终遵守的区别对待和 比例相称性原则。 daccess-ods.un.org | Such uses contravene the prohibition under international humanitarian law of the use of methods and means of combat that cause needless harm [...] and/or unnecessary suffering, [...] as well as the principles of distinction and proportionality, which must [...]be observed at all times. daccess-ods.un.org |
因此，重要的是逐案并兼顾实际情况评 估 相称性。 daccess-ods.un.org | It was thus important that proportionality be assessed on a [...] case-by-case basis, taking into account the reality on the ground. daccess-ods.un.org |
按照国际法，这些反 [...] 措施受到一些限制，例如国际法委员会在关于国家对国际不法行为的责任的 工作当中所确立的限制(相称性等等 ，见该草案第 43 条)”。 daccess-ods.un.org | Under international law, these types of countermeasures are now subject to requirements, such as those identified by the [...] International Law Commission in its work on State [...] responsibility (proportionality, etc. ... see [...]article 43 of the draft). daccess-ods.un.org |
3 项原则是具有一定连贯性的透明行动，具有一 定 相称性的 负责和有针对性监管。 daccess-ods.un.org | These are transparency actions with some aspects of [...] consistency, and accountability and targeting with some aspects of proportionality. daccess-ods.un.org |
考虑对腐败相关案件采取更严厉的制裁措施，以确保其效力 、 相称性 和惩戒效果。 daccess-ods.un.org | To consider adopting more severe sanctions for corruption related crimes, in order to ensure their [...] efficiency, proportionality and dissuasive effect. daccess-ods.un.org |
在没有其他办法对抗生命受到的迫在眉睫的威胁时——例 如，在满足了相称性要求 的情况下，同时有理由认为，如果正面对抗，嫌疑犯必 定会立即开枪——则可使用突然、不经宣布的武力，包括致命武力。 daccess-ods.un.org | Where there is no other way to counter an immediate threat to life — for example where the proportionality requirement is met and there is reason to believe that a suspect will shoot immediately if confronted — instantaneous, unannounced force, including lethal force, may be used. daccess-ods.un.org |
相称性和被驱逐者的行为是另 外的主要考虑因素。 daccess-ods.un.org | Proportionality and the conduct [...] of the person being expelled were further vital considerations. daccess-ods.un.org |
只要 满足了相称性和必 要性的要求，这种行为就不被视为“任意”或“非法”。 daccess-ods.un.org | Provided the [...] requirements of proportionality and necessity [...]are met, such conduct will not be considered “arbitrary” or “unlawful”. daccess-ods.un.org |
如果当局遵守合法性原则、及时发布所有 规范，并确保由相关国家机关根据必 要 性 和 相称性 原 则 适用这些规范，则可以避 免一些侵犯人权案件。 daccess-ods.un.org | By abiding by the legality principle, by publishing all norms in a timely manner and assuring their application by [...] competent authorities in [...] compliance with the principles of necessity and proportionality, the authorities [...]could have prevented [...]a number of human rights abuses. daccess-ods.un.org |
这一义务源自《公约》各项条 [...] 款的总体，与《公约》的各个部分密不可分。特别措施应适合要补救的情况、合 法、为民主社会所必需，应遵守公正 和 相称性 原 则 ，且为临时性措施。 daccess-ods.un.org | Special measures should be appropriate to the situation to be remedied, be [...] legitimate, necessary in a democratic society, should respect the principles of [...] fairness and proportionality, and be temporary. daccess-ods.un.org |
这些术语有时候可以互换，或者说把 相称性 理 解 为包括必要性， 但是，这里将使用以往处理使用致命武力问题报告员的做法： “ 相称性 的 要 求是， 根据嫌疑犯对他人造成的威胁程度，对允许使用的武力设立绝对上限，而必要性 的要求则是，不论相称的武力水平如何，都有义务最大限度地降低使用的武力水 平。 daccess-ods.un.org | These terms are sometimes used [...] interchangeably, or proportionality is understood as encompassing necessity, but here the approach followed by the mandate holder in earlier reports dealing with the use of lethal force will be used: “While the proportionality requirement imposes [...]an absolute ceiling [...]on the permissible level of force based on the threat posed by the suspect to others, the necessity requirement imposes an obligation to minimize the level of force applied regardless of the level of force that would be proportionate. daccess-ods.un.org |
工作组提出了因外国人没有有效的入境签证或签证过期，或因其非法进入德 国或非法过境而对之实施拘留的 相称性 问 题 ，他们通常会被判处重刑。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Working Group raises the issue of proportionality concerning the detention of foreigners for not having a valid entry visa or for having an expired visa, as well as the detention for illegal entry to Germany or illegal border crossing, which is often coupled with harsh sentencing. daccess-ods.un.org |
委员会回顾，见解自由和言论自由是个人全面发展 [...] 不可或缺的条件，这些自由在任何社会都是必要的，它们是每个自由和民主社会 的奠基石。3 对行使这类自由加以限制必须符合关于必 要 性 和 相称性 的 严 格判断 标准，“施加限制的目的仅限于明文规定的，并且必须与所指特定需要直接相 关。 daccess-ods.un.org | It recalls that freedom of opinion and freedom of expression are indispensable conditions for the full development of the person; such freedoms are essential for any society and constitute the foundation stone for every free and democratic society.3 Any restrictions to the exercise of such freedoms must conform [...] to strict tests of [...] necessity and proportionality and “be applied only for those purposes for which they were prescribed [...]and must be directly [...]related to the specific need on which they are predicated. daccess-ods.un.org |
(a) 迅速采取措施，遵守包括1949 [...] 年《关于战时保护平民之日内瓦公约》 在内的人道主义法所规定的相称性和 区 别对待的基本原则，该公约规定了武装冲 突中保护平民的最低标准 daccess-ods.un.org | (a) Take prompt measures to comply with the fundamental principles of proportionality and distinction enshrined in [...] humanitarian law, including the [...] Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian [...]Persons in Time of War of 1949, [...]which set out the minimum standards for the protection of civilians in armed conflict daccess-ods.un.org |
他提出了一个问题，即使用无人驾驶飞机来 进行有目标处决引发的问题，同时他强调，必须采 取措施确保这些技术的使用符合国际法要求，并保 证遵守国际人道主义法中规定的区分原则 、 相称性 原则 、必要性原则和谨慎原则，否则，美国政府将 会越来越被视为无视国际法原则进行盲目和疯狂杀 戮的政府。 daccess-ods.un.org | The use of unmanned drones to carry out targeted executions posed a problem; measures should be taken to guarantee that the use of such techniques was consistent with international law and that the international humanitarian law principles of discrimination, proportionality, necessity and precaution were respected. daccess-ods.un.org |
尽管芬兰明确承诺结束对无成人陪伴的未成年人的拘 [...] 留，并制定替代行政拘留的方法，但大赦国际仍然表示关注，对每次关于实行和 / 或继续拘留某人的决定的必要性和 相称性 仍 然 没有给予充分的考虑。 daccess-ods.un.org | Despite Finland’s expressed commitments to end the detention of unaccompanied minors and to develop alternatives to administrative detention, AI was concerned that insufficient [...] consideration continues to be given to the [...] necessity and proportionality of each decision [...]to institute and/or continue someone’s detention. daccess-ods.un.org |
访问团得出结论，主要的侵犯人权事件涉及安全部队过度使用武力，大规模 [...] 逮捕，对基本人权加以限制导致违反合法性、必 要 性 和 相称性 的 原 则，以及选择 性和歧视性地适用洪都拉斯法律。 daccess-ods.un.org | The mission concluded that the main human rights violations related to the excessive use of force by the security forces and massive numbers of arrests, [...] disrespect for the principles of legality, [...] necessity and proportionality through the imposition [...]of restrictions on fundamental [...]rights, and selective and discriminatory application of Honduran legislation. daccess-ods.un.org |
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