| 单词 | 瘾者 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 | 瘾者 noun, plural —addicts plExamples:有药瘾者—addict See also:瘾 n—addiction n 瘾—craving
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对于上瘾者，考虑采取消除歧视和基于公共卫生的措施，如开丁丙诺 啡处方。 daccess-ods.un.org | (f) With regard to addicted persons, consider decriminalization and public health-based measures such as prescription of buprenorphine. daccess-ods.un.org |
艾滋病毒在静脉注射 吸毒成瘾者的流行率在 5%以上；而在孕妇中则小于 1%。 daccess-ods.un.org | The prevalence of HIV among intravenous drug addicts is above 5%, while it is less than 1% among pregnant women. daccess-ods.un.org |
毒品和犯罪问题办公室实 [...] 施的活动包括为进行法律和政策审查提供技术支持；调整立法；制定和实施政 [...] 策和战略，确保公平获得艾滋病毒预防、治疗和护理服务的渠道；以及支持减 少对毒品成瘾者，特 别是对艾滋病毒感染者的羞辱和歧视，以及改善获取艾滋 [...] 病毒预防、治疗和护理服务的渠道，办法是实施以人权为基础、男女有别和公 [...]正的艾滋病政策和服务，注射吸毒者，包括监狱环境内的吸毒者在内，以及人 口贩运活动的易受害者，都可获得这些服务。 daccess-ods.un.org | The activities implemented by UNODC included technical support to conduct legal and policy reviews; the adaptation of legislation; the development and implementation of policies and strategies to ensure equitable access to HIV prevention, treatment and care services; and support [...] to reduce stigma and discrimination with [...] respect to drug addicts, particularly [...]those infected with HIV, and to improve access [...]to HIV prevention, treatment and care services by implementing human-rights-based, gender-responsive and equitable AIDS policies and services that are accessible to persons who abuse drugs by injection, including in prison settings, and to people who are vulnerable to trafficking in humans. daccess-ods.un.org |
几位发言者强调应当将预防吸毒和护理 成 瘾者 纳 入 国家公共卫生系统主 流。 daccess-ods.un.org | Several speakers emphasized that prevention of drug use and caring for addicts should be mainstreamed into national public health systems. daccess-ods.un.org |
该方案将 通过以下几个方面推动对吸毒者的治疗和护理：开展有力的倡导活动，打击对 吸毒成瘾者的歧视，宣传吸毒成瘾者 获 得 循证治疗的权利；进行能力建设，培 训和发展国家和区域的专业人员网络；为吸毒 成 瘾者 发 展低费用循证治疗服 务。 daccess-ods.un.org | The programme will promote treatment and care for drug abusers through strong advocacy action to fight discrimination against drug-dependent people and to promote those [...] people’s rights to evidence-based treatment; [...] capacity-building through training and development of national and regional networks of professionals; and development of low-cost evidence-based treatment services for drug-dependent persons. daccess-ods.un.org |
(k) 对吸毒成瘾者的护 理应纳入主流保健服务 daccess-ods.un.org | (k) Care for drug addicts should be [...] integrated into mainstream health-care services daccess-ods.un.org |
然而，2011年时，登记有案成瘾者使用 海洛英的比例下降到 64.5%。 amccsm.org | However, the share of heroin [...] among registered addicts dropped to 64.5 [...]percent in 2011. amccsm.org |
在那家诊所里我与一名正在康复的海洛因 成 瘾者 谈 话 ，他是我们正在帮助的数千人中的一员，我们正在帮他们挣脱吸毒成瘾、滥用毒品和破坏性行为的可怕循环，两国都在其中学到了重要的经验教训。 embassyusa.cn | Inside that clinic I spoke to a [...] recovering heroin addict, one of thousands [...]we are helping to break free of the horrific [...]cycle of addiction and abuse and destructive behavior from which both countries are learning important lessons. eng.embassyusa.cn |
在艾滋病防治项目中，制作了 4 [...] 个电视广告，并为在各省和非政府组织中对吸毒 成瘾者和女 性罪犯开展工作的埃及红新月会领导人提供了 [...]293 节课程。 daccess-ods.un.org | In a project to control AIDS, four television spots were developed and 293 courses were [...] conducted for Egyptian Red Crescent leaders in the governorates and at NGOs [...] working with addicts and female delinquents. daccess-ods.un.org |
一些国家指出，对于吸毒成瘾者，应 使用美沙酮维持量疗法来取 代阿片疗法，以及采用针头-针筒方案来减少艾滋病毒在注射毒品者 中的传播。 daccess-ods.un.org | Several countries noted the use of methadone maintenance treatment as opioid substitution therapy for drug dependent people and needle-syringe programmes to reduce the spread of HIV among people who inject drugs. daccess-ods.un.org |
塞舌尔于2001 年根据《误用药物法律法规》成立了蒙特皇家康复中心。中 [...] 心是一个法定机构，其目标是为成 瘾者 提 供治疗环境，从而促进他们的康复进 [...] 程，改善因使用或滥用化学物质而身心受损的人的身体、心理、社会和职业功 能，为已出院的病人提供后续治疗，并帮助他们重返社会。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Mont Royal Rehabilitation Centre was established in 2001 under the Misused of Drugs Act Regulations 2001 as a statutory body with the [...] objective to, inter alia, provide a therapeutic [...] environment to addicted persons so as [...]to facilitate and encourage their process [...]of recovery; improve the physical, psychological, social and vocational functioning of the individual, who has become impaired through the use or abuse of chemical substance; provide aftercare treatment for patients once they have been discharged from the Centre and to help them to re-integrate into the community. daccess-ods.un.org |
还请 各会员国按照本国立法，考虑利用没收的资源支助执法和其他机构， 包括从事吸毒成瘾者治疗 和恢复的专门机构的活动的可能性。 daccess-ods.un.org | Member States to consider, consistent with their national legislation, the possibility of using confiscated resources to support the activities [...] of law enforcement and other agencies, including those specializing in the treatment [...] and rehabilitation of drug addicts. daccess-ods.un.org |
然而，必须估算吸毒成瘾者的 人 数，因为这一群体很可能与公共卫生和执法机构打交道，并因此从适当戒毒 治疗和护理干预中大大受益。 daccess-ods.un.org | However, it is important to estimate the number of drug-dependent persons, as this group is likely to come into contact with public health and law enforcement agencies and would thus benefit greatly from appropriate drug treatment and care interventions. daccess-ods.un.org |
(j) 应当促使从业人员、决策者和一般公众认识到：大脑功能的改变是强 迫性行为和毒瘾发作的根源，而强迫性行为和毒瘾发作又说明了为什么药物依 赖是一种疾病；鄙视、忽视和偏见始终存在，它们对吸毒者、其家庭和社区造 成不利影响； (k) 对吸毒成瘾者的护 理应纳入主流保健服务 daccess-ods.un.org | (j) Practitioners, policymakers and the general public should be made aware of the changes in brain functions that were at the root of compulsive behaviour and uncontrollable cravings, which, in turn, explained why drug dependence was a health disorder, and of the fact that stigma, ignorance and prejudice persisted and had adverse consequences for drug users, their families and the community daccess-ods.un.org |
为了始终以使吸毒成瘾者戒毒 为重点，匿名戒毒机构不参加或赞助任何其他组织 或方案，也不对活动范围以外的各种问题发表意见。 daccess-ods.un.org | To maintain its focus on [...] recovery from addiction, Narcotics Anonymous [...]does not affiliate with or endorse any other organization [...]or programme, nor does it express opinions on issues outside its own scope of activity. daccess-ods.un.org |
(e) 重点省/市 拥有的治疗和康复中心能 够治疗大多数吸毒成 瘾者，并在 重新融入家庭和社会前教会他们技能 daccess-ods.un.org | (e) Priority provinces/cities have Treatment and Rehabilitation Centres that are capable of treating most drug-addicted people and giving them skills before re-integrating them into the family and society daccess-ods.un.org |
对于减少包括阿片剂在内的吸毒现象以及吸毒 成瘾者人数，这类措施始终至关重要。 daccess-ods.un.org | Such measures remain essential to decreasing both the abuse of drugs including opiates, as [...] well as the number of drug addicts. daccess-ods.un.org |
海洛因贩运市场 价值 650 [...] 亿美元，供应 1,500 万成瘾者，每年造成多达 100,000 人死亡，促使艾 [...] 滋病毒以前所未有的速度蔓延，为犯罪集团、叛乱分子和恐怖分子提供了资 金。 daccess-ods.un.org | The heroin trafficking market is worth $65 billion, catering [...] to 15 million addicts, causing up to [...]100,000 deaths per year, contributing to [...]the spread of HIV at an unprecedented rate and funding criminal groups, insurgents and terrorists. daccess-ods.un.org |
同案的另外三个人已受到刑事责任处罚；因此他们 在这一事件上有个人利益，而且都是吸毒 成 瘾者。 daccess-ods.un.org | The criminal responsibility of those three individuals had also been [...] engaged in the context of the same case; they therefore had a personal interest in the matter [...] and were all drug addicts. daccess-ods.un.org |
76 个国家将彼此同意的成年人 之间的同性性关系定为犯罪，大多数国家将性工作的某些方面定为犯罪，而且 大多数国家对吸毒上瘾者处以刑罚。 daccess-ods.un.org | Seventy-six countries criminalize same-sex sexual relations between consenting adults, most countries criminalize some aspect of sex work and most impose criminal penalties on people who are drug-dependent. daccess-ods.un.org |
事实上，毒瘾患 者的实 际数量可能高达1200万，虽然在中国的这些数据中，并未明确区分 成 瘾者 和 使 用者。 amccsm.org | In reality, the number of actual addicts may run as high as 12 million, although the distinction between addicts and users in China is not clearly [...] made in these statistics. amccsm.org |
在这方面，特别报告员希望回顾卫生组织/联合国毒品和犯罪问题办事处 2008 年 3 月的《毒品依赖治疗原则》，46 其中明确提到在道德治疗标准方面必须 将 毒品依赖 与其他医学 [...] 关 怀 同等看待，并 强 调说毒品上 瘾 者 享 有 自 主和隐 私 权。 daccess-ods.un.org | In this regard, the Special Rapporteur wishes to recall the WHO/United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime Principles of Drug Dependence Treatment of March 2008,46 which explicitly refer to the need to view drug dependence as any other health-care [...] condition, in terms of the standards of ethical treatment and [...] stress that drug addicts enjoy the right [...]to autonomy and privacy. daccess-ods.un.org |
吁请各国推广减少需求措施，包括预防、治疗和康复等，同时充分尊重 吸毒成瘾者的尊 严，并采取进一步行动，提高关于包括合成药物在内的非法药物 需求问题的数据收集和评价能力，并酌情提高关于滥用处方药物及处方药物成瘾 问题的数据收集和评价能力 daccess-ods.un.org | Calls upon States to expand demand reduction measures, including prevention, treatment and rehabilitation, while fully respecting the dignity of drug-addicted persons, and to take further action to improve data collection and evaluation capacity on the demand for illicit drugs, including the demand for synthetic drugs, and, where appropriate, abuse of and addiction to prescription drugs;14. daccess-ods.un.org |
面临贫穷和社会排斥风险的最脆弱群体是退休和即将退休人员( 特别是妇女 和单身者 ) 、人口众多的家庭和不完整的家庭、残疾人或有行为障碍者、失业者 ( 特别是长期失业者) [...] 、流民、罗姆人、被监禁者和新出狱者、精神活性物质 成瘾 者、劳 动市场技能不足、低下或不充分者。 daccess-ods.un.org | The most vulnerable groups to face poverty and social exclusion risks are persons of retirement and pre-retirement age (especially women and single persons), large families and incomplete families, persons with disabilities or with functional disorders, unemployed (especially protractedly unemployed), vagrants, Roma, imprisoned persons and [...] those recently released from [...] imprisonment, persons with addiction to psychoactive substances, [...]persons with insufficient, [...]low or inadequate labour market skills. daccess-ods.un.org |
38 这可能是因为吸毒者采用了更危险的注射方式，例如合用针头和注射物， 匆忙注射或因担心被抓或遭受惩罚在不安全的地方(例如吸毒 成 瘾者 聚 集 注射吸 毒地点)注射。 daccess-ods.un.org | Higher rates of legal repression have been associated with higher HIV prevalence among people who use injecting drugs, without a decrease in prevalence of injecting drug use.38 This is a likely result of individuals’ adopting riskier injection practices such as sharing of syringes and injection supplies, hurried injecting, or use of drugs in unsafe places (such as needle-shooting galleries) out of fear of arrest or punishment.39 Hurried preparation of drugs to avoid detection by law enforcement agents also predisposes people who inject drugs to an increased risk of overdose, vascular accident and infections, such as abscesses. daccess-ods.un.org |
93 此外，联合材料1 还指出，确诊的吸毒成瘾者可能 会被迫接受强制性“治疗”，在没有任何药物辅 助的情况下戒毒，以便消除毒瘾。 daccess-ods.un.org | The treatment available was limited to short-term detoxification with no provisions for rehabilitation or support.93 Furthermore, JS1 noted that people diagnosed as drug-dependent may be forced into compulsory “treatment” consisting of detoxification unassisted by any sort of medication to manage withdrawal. daccess-ods.un.org |
吁请联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室在向这类国家提供援助时酌情采取 全面的做法，顾及在毒品贩运与过境国药物滥用增加之间可能存在的联系，及 [...] 其在减少和预防非法药物需求方面的需要，包括关于吸毒 致 瘾者 的 治 疗、康复 和重返社会 daccess-ods.un.org | the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, in providing assistance to such States, to adopt a comprehensive approach, where appropriate, that takes into consideration possible links between trafficking in drugs and the increase in drug abuse in transit States and their needs regarding the reduction [...] and prevention of illicit drug demand, including the treatment, rehabilitation and [...] reintegration of drug-dependent persons daccess-ods.un.org |
(vi) 针对于希望获得戒烟知识和实践技能、将为特殊人群提供强化戒烟支持作为其工作重心的卫生工作者 需要学习3 [...] ——为将提供戒烟支持作为其工作一部分的医务工作者提供的所有内容，加上适用于伴心血管疾病 或合并其它疾病的患者、孕 妇、接受精神卫生和 成 瘾 治 疗 服务的 患 者 （ 尤 其是有严重心理障碍者）的戒烟药 物；吸烟对多种药物代谢的作用；在依赖评估和治疗计划上允许并记录的步骤，收集和整理以保证对患者进 [...] [...] 行标准监督和服务有效性的戒烟服务数据；使用不止一种有效的行为支持方法；对患者进行不间断的支持； 尼古丁依赖的治疗。 globalsmokefreepartnership.org | (vi) Cessation support for health staff who want to gain a knowledge base in cessation and gain the practical skills to provide intensive cessation support to specific populations as their sole focusa – all of the content for health staff providing cessation support as part of their role, plus cessation medications in clients with [...] cardiovascular disease and other [...] co-existing medical conditions, pregnant women, and users of mental health and addiction treatment services [...](especially for those [...]with complex psychological disorders) effects of smoking on the metabolism of various medications; allowing and documenting steps in dependence assessment and treatment planning and collecting and collating data on the cessation service provided to allow the standard monitoring of clients and service effectiveness; using more than one effective behavioural support method; ongoing support for clients; and treating nicotine dependence. globalsmokefreepartnership.org |
出席了若干会议，包括毒品和吸毒上瘾研究所全国大会的“干预制止模型—— 对毒品使用的高质非刑罪化”(2009 年)、与欧洲和地中海警察部队和具军事地位 宪兵部队协会举办的首届犯罪和社会学研讨会闭幕式(2006 年)、“恐怖主义受害 者：安 全部队的心理社会反应”(2006 年)，此外还有部长理事会主席团制止毒品 委员会举办的关于吸毒上瘾问题的研讨会(2001 年)；欧洲委员会蓬皮杜小组组织 的关于刑法系统中毒品使用者和违法 者 问 题 的研讨会的毒品和吸 毒 者 问 题 小组 主席(1998 年)。 daccess-ods.un.org | Participated in a number of meetings, including “Deterrence model of intervention — quality decriminalization of drug use” at the National Congress of the Institute on Drugs and Drug Addiction (2009), the closing ceremony of the first Criminal and Social Sciences Seminar with the Association of the European and Mediterranean Police Forces and Gendarmeries with [...] Military Status (FIEP) (2006), “Victims of terrorism: the response [...] psychosocial of the security forces” (2006), in addition to seminars on drug addiction by the commissions for the drug deterrence of the Presidency of the Council of Ministers (2001); Chair of the panel on drugs and drug addicts at a seminar on drug users and offenders in the penal system, organized by the Pompidou Group of the Council [...]of Europe, Strasbourg (1998). daccess-ods.un.org |
(v) 对于希望获得戒烟知识和实践技能，并将提供戒烟支持作为他们工作一部分的医务工 作 者 需 要学 习——烟草控制；尼古丁成瘾；戒 烟指南；尼古丁依赖评估；可用、可获得、可负担、性价比高的戒烟药物 [...] 治疗；设定一个戒烟日；行为支持；安排随访；识别尼古丁戒断症状；诱发吸烟的因素；烟草使用的奖赏行 [...] 为；相关的基本解剖学和生理学知识，尤其是大脑内涉及奖赏和依赖的区域，肺脏和心血管系统；证实自我 报告戒烟真实性的可行方法；治疗终点，特别是七天的时点戒烟率及持续戒烟率；保持戒烟状态，复杂病例 的建议；对特殊人群的风险效益评估。 globalsmokefreepartnership.org | (v) Cessation support for health staff who want to gain a knowledge base in cessation and gain the practical skills to provide cessation [...] support as part of [...] their rolea - tobacco control; nicotine addiction; cessation guidelines; assessing nicotine [...]dependence; available, [...]accessible, affordable, cost-effective cessation pharmacotherapy; setting a quit date; behavioural support; arranging follow-up support; identifying symptoms of nicotine withdrawal; cues that trigger urges to smoke; tobacco use compensation behaviour; basic relevant anatomy and physiology, particularly the areas of the brain involved in reward and dependence, the lungs, and the cardiovascular system; available methods of verifying self-reported abstinence; treatment endpoints, in particular seven-day point prevalence and continuous abstinence; maintaining abstinence, seeking advice on complex cases; and risk-benefit assessment of specific population groups. globalsmokefreepartnership.org |
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