| 单词 | 病因学 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 | 病因学 noun —etiologyAE n病因学 —pathological science (TCM)See also:病因 n—etiologyAE n • pathogen n 病因—cause of disease
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红斑痤疮病因学引用 最多的致病理论集中于皮肤血管稳态异常。 tipschina.gov.cn | Many of the [...] most cited pathogenic theories on the etiology of rosacea [...]focus on abnormalities in cutaneous vascular homeostasis. tipschina.gov.cn |
红斑痤疮病人血管舒缩不稳定的 病因学 还 不 可知。 tipschina.gov.cn | The etiology of vasomotor instability in patients with rosacea [...] is unknown. tipschina.gov.cn |
今天在南非开普敦举行的第五届国际艾滋病协会（IAS）艾 滋 病病因 、 治 疗和预防大会上新公布的数据显示，具有艾滋病向性测定作用的遗 传 学 方 案 可用于有效确定经CCR5拮抗剂马拉韦罗（maraviroc）治疗后有起色的患者。 tipschina.gov.cn | A genetic approach to determining HIV tropism can be used to effectively identify patients who will respond to treatment with the CCR5 antagonist [...] maraviroc, according to new data [...]presented today at the 5th International AIDS Society (IAS) Conference on HIV Pathogenesis, Treatment and Prevention in Cape Town, South Africa. tipschina.gov.cn |
它们的作 用对于下述领域尤其关键：基础研究（更好地认识人类基因组演变过程及其与环境之间的互 动关系）；应用生物医学研究（例如 基 因 药 物 研究）；流 行 病学 研 究 ；了解一个人或一个家 庭面对的健康风险（包括对某些病理现象致病机率或 基 因 预 定的预测性测试）；法医学和法 律（尤其是在民事诉讼法方面的应用，例如血缘亲子关系测定，或者是在刑事诉讼法方面的 应用，例如识别认定罪犯）。 unesdoc.unesco.org | In particular, it is essential for basic research (improved [...] knowledge of the evolution of [...] the human genome and its interaction with the environment); applied biomedical research (for example in pharmacogenetics; epidemiological research; knowledge of the health risks run by a person or family (including tests to determine susceptibility or genetic predisposition [...]to certain diseases); [...]forensic science and the judicial system (particularly in civil court proceedings, for example to identify a parent, and criminal proceedings, for example to identify a criminal). unesdoc.unesco.org |
2) 少喝软饮料：此外，最新研究（包括《肝 脏 病学 》 杂 志2009年刊登的一项研究在内）显示，饮用软饮料（普通饮料和减肥饮品）是导致人们患上酒精性脂肪肝的一个重 要 因 素 ，并且不受其他风 险 因 素 的 影响。 shanghai.ufh.com.cn | 2) Consume less soft drinks: In [...] addition, recent studies, including one published in 2009 in the Journal of Hepatology, have shown that soft-drink consumption (both regular and diet), to be a strong predictor of developing NAFLD, independent of other risk factors. beijing.ufh.com.cn |
一个来自三大洲23家机构的由儿科医生、外科医生、遗传学家和流 行 病学 家 组 成的国际性小组发现了与最常见形式的非症状相关性颅缝早闭——即头颅骨板过早闭合——有关的人类 基 因 组 的 两个区域。 chinese.eurekalert.org | An international team of pediatricians, surgeons, [...] geneticists, and epidemiologists from 23 institutions across three continents have identified two areas of the human genome associated with the most common form of non-syndrome-related craniosynostosis ― premature [...]closure of the bony plates of the skull. chinese.eurekalert.org |
的米勒姆，博士美国华盛顿州前首席流 行 病学 家 和 赢家的1997拉马齐尼奖，也警告说 ， 因 为 最 近从移动电话和桅杆，无线网络，宽带电力线和个人电子设备的射频辐射扩散，我们可能会面对流行病的发病率和死亡率。 zh-cn.mccarrisonsociety.org.uk | Dr. Milham, Washington State’s [...] former chief epidemiologist and winner of the 1997 Ramazzini prize, also warns that because of the recent proliferation [...]of radio frequency [...]radiation from mobile phones and masts, WiFi, broadband over power-lines and personal electronic equipment, we may be facing an epidemic of morbidity and mortality. mccarrisonsociety.org.uk |
随后于1994 年通过了应对坏疽性口炎的五点行动方案，其中包括：预 防――确保为各公共卫生机构提供有关早期诊治的培训和提高认识宣传，提高公 众，尤其是母亲的认识，为其提供相关信息；流行病学和监测――了解坏疽性口 炎的发生率，将对这一疾病的监测纳入现有流行病监测系统 ； 病 原 学 研 究 ――明 确坏疽性口炎的病因以及 某些儿童发病而另一些儿童不发病的原因；初级保 健――包括确保提供必要的防腐剂、药品和营养补充；手术和康复。 daccess-ods.un.org | Prompted by reports from several NGOs and some Governments about the recrudescence of noma, WHO organized the first information session on noma at the World Health Assembly in 1989.111 This was followed, in 1994, by the adoption of a five-point action programme against noma, which comprised: prevention – ensuring training and awareness on early diagnosis and treatment for each public health structure and raising awareness and informing populations, especially mothers; epidemiology and surveillance – finding out the incidence and incorporating noma surveillance into existing epidemiological surveillance systems; etiological research – establishing the causes of noma and why it develops in some children but not in others; primary health care -–including making sure that the necessary antiseptics, drugs and nutritional supplements are available; and surgery and rehabilitation.112 49. daccess-ods.un.org |
补充报告将侧重于儿童的辐射风险和影 响；低剂量率辐射风险的流行病学； 以 及防低剂量 辐射行动机制。 daccess-ods.un.org | Additional reports would focus on radiation risks and effects on [...] children; the epidemiology of low dose rate [...]radiation risks; and mechanisms of radiation actions at low doses. daccess-ods.un.org |
引爆点威力无穷： 根据流行病学理论，引爆点存在并出现于当一种地 方 病因 为 感 染了足够多的宿主而成为流行病时， 此后，传染之力就会势如破竹、所向披靡。 12manage.com | Significance precedes momentum: In epidemiology, the point at which a disease has infected enough hosts [...] that the infection moves from [...]local illness to raging epidemic can be thought of as the tipping point. 12manage.com |
由於該病毒是具潛在危險的病原體， 因 此 化 驗室如出現 人類豬型甲型流行性感冒(H1亞型)病毒逸漏事故，必須受法定呈 報規定所管制，以便及早偵察有關事故，並及時採取適當的控制 措施，以保障化驗室人員的健康和防止疾病蔓延。 legco.gov.hk | As the virus is a potentially dangerous pathogen, it is important for incidents of leakage of human swine influenza A virus (subtype H1) from laboratories to be subject to the statutory notification requirement, so as to facilitate early detection of such incidents, and to enable appropriate control measures to be implemented in a timely manner for the protection of laboratory workers and prevention of spread of diseases. legco.gov.hk |
(i) 註冊醫生在下述情況下 須承擔的法律責 任：因 病 人 患有疾病或 正 處於神智不 清 的 狀態，或因 病 人 是未成年人、精神上無行為能力的人而 在 未取得病人 同 意下進行器官移植；病 人的親屬 [...] 能否代沒有能力作出同 意的病 人作出同 意；若 病 人的親屬 無法就是否同意進行器官移植手術 [...]達 成 共識，將如何處理。 legco.gov.hk | (i) Legal liability of the registered medical practitioner for [...] performing an organ transplant on a patient [...] without first obtaining the latter's consent because of his illness or impaired state of consciousness or his [...]being a minor, a mentally incapacitated person; whether relatives of a patient who could not give consent might give consent on behalf of the patient; and what would happen if the relatives had no consensus on whether to give consent. legco.gov.hk |
因此，所有国家都面临着挑战，要减少获得保健方面 [...] 的不平等，并建立融资机制，确保建立在风险分担基础上的全民保险，以防止出 现因病致贫现象。 daccess-ods.un.org | Therefore, all countries face the challenge of reducing inequities in access to health care and instituting [...] financing mechanisms that ensure universal coverage based on risk-sharing [...] so as to prevent illness from leading to [...]poverty. daccess-ods.un.org |
在医务科，拟新设 15 个本国员额(6 个本国干事和 9 个本国一般事务人员)， 因为该科在过去数年里已经扩大了它所提供的服务，这些服务包括联科行动总部 诊所不间断地运作，该诊所现在为强化一级诊所，而不是以前的一级诊所 ； 病人 从 三级医院出院后在他们家里对其进行追踪观察；定期对阿比让以及西区和东区 的 11 家三级医院的病人进 行探访；区总部的医生开展外联活动，一周两次访问 地处偏远的办公室；在重要的活动期间向政府和作为联合国综合框架一部分的联 合国国家工作队提供支助；拟议在库马西后勤基地每天提供八小时的医疗支助， 而不是目前的两小时。 daccess-ods.un.org | In the Medical Services Section, the establishment of 15 additional national posts (6 National Officers and 9 national General Service staff) is proposed, as the Section has over the past years expanded the services it [...] provides, which [...] include round-the-clock operation of the UNOCI headquarters clinic, which is now functioning at level I-plus rather than the previous level I; patients are followed up at their homes after discharge from level III hospitals; patients are regularly visited in the 11 level III hospitals in Abidjan and in Sector West and Sector East; doctors in the regional headquarters perform outreach [...]activity by [...]visiting remote offices twice a week; support is provided to the Government during important functions and to the United Nations country team as part of the United Nations integrated framework; and medical support is proposed to be provided eight hours a day at the logistics base in Koumassi as opposed to the current two hours a day. daccess-ods.un.org |
同时制定并实施了一系列行业标准：《对受艾滋病毒感染人群保守治疗标 准》(2001 年)、《针对受艾滋病毒感染人群的抗转录酶病毒药物治疗和防止艾滋 病毒的母婴传播和职业感染的标准》(2001 年和 2003 年)、《艾滋病毒感染的流 行病学监测 标准》(2002 年)、《艾滋病、肝炎和其他病毒感染实验室与诊断机构 组织实施抗击流行病计划操作指南》(2004 年)、《艾滋病毒母婴传播》单元 (2004 年)、《艾滋病毒检测咨询前后的方法指导》(2005 年)。 daccess-ods.un.org | Sector standards have been developed and implemented: “Palliative treatment of the persons infected with HIV and AIDS” (2001), “Treatment with antiretroviral medicine specific for persons infected with HIV and AIDS and the prophylaxis of transmission of the mother-child HIV infection, professional exposure” (2001 and 2003), “Epidemiologic supervision of the HIV/AIDS infection” (2002); Instructions on the organisation of the antiepidemiologic programme in the AIDS, hepatitis and other viral infections laboratories and diagnosis sections” (2004), The module “HIV and AIDS infections with mother-child transmission” (2004), Methodological Guide “Before and after HIV test counselling” (2005). daccess-ods.un.org |
被这样虐待两个月之后，申 诉人出现了血尿症状，身染重病因而 获 释。 daccess-ods.un.org | After two months of this treatment, the complainant had blood in his urine and [...] was so seriously ill that he was released. daccess-ods.un.org |
各国必须系统地与非正规劳动者接触，以便切实开展人 权和健康影响评价和风险监测，以查明和控制已知的风险，并开展流 行 病学 和疾 病监测 ，以发现和控制疾病，预防长期风险。 daccess-ods.un.org | States must systematically engage informal workers in order to effectively conduct human rights and health impact assessments and risk surveillance, with a view to identifying and controlling known risks, as well as epidemiological and disease surveillance to detect and manage disease and prevent long term risks. daccess-ods.un.org |
他指出，目的不仅仅是培养更多的中学 毕业生，还包括防止儿童辍学，因为 否 则会使社会不平等长期化。 daccess-ods.un.org | The goal, he noted, was not only to produce more high school graduates but also to stop children from [...] dropping out of school because it perpetuated social [...]inequalities. daccess-ods.un.org |
这些研究的主要目的是确定影响国家和地方课程设置和实行 的趋势和社会、政治、历史和教学因 素 ，其框架是在为实施该项目而建立的国际协调员网内 [...] 拟定的。 unesdoc.unesco.org | These studies, the framework for which was developed by the international network of coordinators established for the project, are intended in particular to identify the [...] social, political, historical and [...] educational trends and factors that influence [...]the development and implementation of a curriculum [...]at the national and local levels. unesdoc.unesco.org |
该员额任职者的职能将包括提供日常病人照顾；与当地和地区医疗设施、 [...] 世界卫生组织和联合国其他机构联络；就科索沃的流 行 病学 现 状 和目前对特派团 工作人员健康的威胁向医务长提供咨询；把机密的医疗文件从当地语文译成英 文。 daccess-ods.un.org | The functions of the incumbent of the post would include daily patient care; liaising with local and regional medical facilities, the World Health Organization and other United Nations [...] agencies; advising the Chief Medical [...] Officer on the epidemiological status in Kosovo [...]and current health threats to the Mission [...]staff; and translation of confidential medical documents from local languages to English. daccess-ods.un.org |
此外，代表还了解到，在一些情况下，学校在长期充当流离 失所者庇护所之后没有重新开学，因 为 政 府没有拨给必要的经费。 daccess-ods.un.org | Furthermore, the Representative was informed that in some situations the school buildings were not [...] rehabilitated after [...] having been used to shelter displaced persons for prolonged periods, because the necessary [...]budget provisions were not made. daccess-ods.un.org |
她在求学时修读护理学，因此在1985年地震后有机会协助管理庇护所，让她了解一无所有的人的需求。 clarinsusa.com | She studied nursing and this gave her the opportunity to help manage a shelter after the 1985 earthquake and gain a better understanding [...] of what those [...]who had nothing needed the most. clarinsusa.com |
尽管审计委员会只注意到具体地点的某些弱 点，但一些建议是针对整个组织的，因为从这些审计结果的性质看，这些弱点可 能是项目厅其他办事处的通病，因此 ， 如果采取横向行动，这些办事处均可以受 益。 daccess-ods.un.org | Although the Board noted certain weaknesses in specific locations only, some of the recommendations are addressed to the entire organization, as the nature of the findings suggests that they may be common to other UNOPS offices which would benefit from transversal action. daccess-ods.un.org |
在 1911年制訂這套保險制度時，喬治這樣說：“面對勞動階層的 需要，克服實際的困難，他們會因病 或 目 前朝不保夕的工作而失業， 除了一個由政府和僱主出力的全民失業保障外，我實在想不出其他更 [...] 好或更切合現實的方法來幫助他們。 legco.gov.hk | When the insurance system was set up in 1911, Lloyd GEORGE said: "in face of the needs of the working class and difficulties which they [...] have to overcome, and that they may lose [...] their jobs due to illness or job insecurities, [...]apart from introducing a national unemployment [...]protection scheme which is sponsored by the Government and employers, I could not think of a better or more realistic way to help them. legco.gov.hk |
还关注的是，非传染性疾病发病率的上升对社会构成一项沉重负担，造成了 严重的社会和经济后果；并意识到需要防治心血管疾病、癌症、糖尿病及慢性呼 吸道疾病，因为这 些疾病对人的健康和发展构成主要威胁 daccess-ods.un.org | Concerned also that the increasing incidence of non-communicable diseases constitutes a heavy burden on society, with serious social and economic consequences, and aware that there is a need to respond to cardiovascular diseases, cancers, diabetes and chronic respiratory diseases, which represent a leading threat to human health and development daccess-ods.un.org |
要在全球实行可持续发展，基因学和 生 物技术等新科学学科的迅速发展， 各国，尤其是发展中国家在科学教育和能力培养方面的需求日益增加，这些对现代科学都提出了新的挑战。 unesdoc.unesco.org | The need to globally implement sustainable development, [...] the explosive developments in [...] new scientific disciplines such as genomics and the biotechnologies, [...]and the increased needs [...]for science education and capacity-building, in particular in developing countries, pose new challenges for modern science. unesdoc.unesco.org |
莫斯科 I.M.谢切诺夫医学院社会和法庭精神 病学 系 主 任(自 1992 年起)；俄 罗斯精神病和麻醉学家学会副会长(自 1995 年起)；V.P.谢尔布斯基国立社会和 法庭精神病学研究中心主任(自 1998 年起)；俄罗斯联邦卫生和社会发展部首席 精神病咨询专家(自 2005 年起)；“人口”及“健康”等国家项目的专家(自 2006 年起)。 daccess-ods.un.org | Head of the Department for Social and Forensic [...] Psychiatry, I. M. [...] Sechenov Medical Academy of Moscow (since 1992); Vice-Chairperson of the Russian Society of Psychiatrists and Narcologists (since 1995); Director, V. P. Serbsky State Research Centre for Social and Forensic Psychiatry (since 1998); [...]Chief Consultative [...]Expert Psychiatrist, Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation (since 2005); expert for the national projects “Demography” and “Health” (since 2006). daccess-ods.un.org |
这部法案还通过以下途径来缩短此类差距：获得预防服务；投资于慢性病 控制和预防；增强数据收集工作， 以支持针对具体人口的流行病学研究 ；征聘 来自不同背景的职业保健工作者。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Act will reduce disparities like these through access to preventive [...] services; investment [...] in chronic disease control and prevention; enhanced data collection to support population-specific epidemiological research; [...]and recruitment of [...]health professionals from diverse backgrounds. daccess-ods.un.org |
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