| 单词 | 熏蒸剂 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 | 熏蒸剂 —fumigantSee also:熏蒸 n—fumigation n • asphyxiation n 熏蒸—fumigate 熏—perfume • fumigate • assail the nostrils 蒸—evaporate • (of cooking) steam • finely chopped firewood (old) • torch made from hemp stalks or bamboo (old)
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另一个是淘汰青豆和葫芦科生产中用作土 壤 熏蒸剂 的 甲 基溴的 最终项目，该项目将完成摩洛哥的甲基溴淘汰。各机构已讨论了所有政策和费用问题。 multilateralfund.org | All policy and cost issues had been addressed by the agencies. multilateralfund.org |
加拿大的包括圣卢西亚制冷和空调行业的消耗臭氧层物质的最终淘汰管理计划和乌拉 圭附件 A 第一类物质最终淘汰管理计划，意大利的是刚果民主共和国最终淘汰溶剂行业的 [...] 消耗臭氧层物质总体项目，摩洛哥淘汰用作土 壤 熏蒸剂 的 甲 基溴，在塞尔维亚最终淘汰四 氯化碳项目；西班牙的是阿拉伯利比亚民众国淘汰园艺中的甲基溴。 multilateralfund.org | For Canada, those covered the terminal phase-out management plan for ODS in the refrigeration and air-conditioning sector in Saint Lucia and the terminal phase-out management plan for Annex A Group I substances in Uruguay; for Italy, the umbrella project for terminal phase-out of ODS in the solvent sector in the Democratic [...] Republic of Congo, the phase-out of methyl [...] bromide as a soil fumigant in Morocco, and [...]the terminal CTC phase-out project in Serbia; [...]and for Spain, the phase-out of methyl bromide in horticulture in Libyan Arab Jamahiriya. multilateralfund.org |
执行委员会第三十七次会议审议了旨在完全淘汰作为瓜类、香蕉和烟草苗圃土 壤熏 蒸剂用途的甲基溴（也即 412.0 ODP 吨）的项目提案，并核准了该项目第一阶段的供资， [...] 共计 1,977,454 美元，不包括机构支助费用（第 37/50 号决定）。 multilateralfund.org | At its 37th meeting, the Executive Committee considered a project [...] proposal to completely phase out the use [...] of MB as a soil fumigant in melons, bananas [...]and tobacco seedlings (i.e., 412.0 ODP [...]tonnes) and approved funding for phase I of the project amounting to US $1,977,454 excluding agency support costs (decision 37/50). multilateralfund.org |
因此，农民建 [...] 议继续仅在土生虫压低而且可以结合使用其他替代品（如轮作或杀虫绿肥等）的 表面区域施用生物熏蒸剂。 multilateralfund.org | Therefore, farmers are proposing to continue applying bio-fumigation only on surface areas with low [...] soil-borne pest pressure and where other alternatives (such as [...] crop rotation or biocide green manures) can [...]be applied jointly. multilateralfund.org |
还有其他例子表明，使替代化 学品获得登记的重重困难，正妨碍着商业对它们的采用（例如，在 1,3-氯丙烷+氯化苦 [...] 和二甲基二硫醚，已发现两种非常有效的替 代 熏蒸剂 ， 在埃及的登记过程缓慢而困难）。 multilateralfund.org | There are also others where difficulties in getting the alternative chemicals registered are hampering their commercial adoption (for example, the slow and difficult registration process in Egypt with [...] 1,3-Dichloropropene + chloropicrin (1,3-D Pic) and dimethyl disulphide (DMDS), [...] two alternative fumigants found to be efficient). multilateralfund.org |
另外，对比如说欧洲联盟内实施的化 学 熏蒸剂 的 限 制， 如对 1,3-氯丙烷的限制，也是关切之声四起。摩洛哥也在农业培训中心进行堆肥综合试 [...] 验，目的是把这种技术作为虫害综合防治方案的一部分转让给种植者（堆肥提供了有助 于防治土壤传播疾病的有益微生物和拮抗微生物）。 multilateralfund.org | Further, concerns were expressed about [...] restrictions on chemical fumigants taking place for [...]example in the European Union, such as [...]with 1,3-D. Morocco is also conducting comprehensive trials with compost at the Agriculture Training Centre with a view of transferring this technology to growers as a component of IPM programmes (compost provides beneficial and antagonistic microorganisms that contribute to the control of soilborne diseases). multilateralfund.org |
在第三十四次会议上，执行委员会原则上核准 4,421,945 美元，作为提供给黎巴嫩 [...] 政府实现在蔬菜、鲜花、烟草和草莓种植用途中全部淘汰作为土 壤 熏蒸剂 的 甲 基溴 （236.5 ODP 吨）的全部资金（经由开发计划署和工发组织分别实施的项目的资金为 [...]2,600,000 美元和 1,821,945 美元）。 multilateralfund.org | 60. At its 34th Meeting, the Executive Committee approved in principle US $4,421,945 (US $2,600,000 and US $1,821,945 for the projects to be implemented through UNDP and UNIDO respectively) as the total funds available to the Government of Lebanon [...] to achieve the complete phase-out of MB [...] used as a soil fumigant in the production [...]of vegetables, cut flowers, tobacco and [...]strawberries (236.5 ODP tonnes). multilateralfund.org |
该项 目旨在淘汰智利为了生产草莓而使用的剩余的土 壤 熏蒸剂 甲 基 溴。 multilateralfund.org | The project aims to phase out the remaining methyl bromide use [...] in Chile in soil fumigation for strawberry [...]production. multilateralfund.org |
甲基溴还用作熏蒸剂，以控制主要为玫瑰生产（1.6 ODP 吨）的 7 公顷鲜花和 [...] 4 公顷园艺 产品（1 ODP 吨）生产中的线虫和真菌，以及用于商品和建筑的熏蒸。 multilateralfund.org | MB is also used as a fumigant to control nematodes [...] and fungi in the production of 7 ha of cut flowers, mainly rose production [...](1.6 ODP tonnes); 4 ha of horticulture products (1 ODP tonne) and in the fumigation of commodities and structures, applied through three specialized fumigation companies. multilateralfund.org |
执行委员会在其第四十七次会议上审议了在 2009 [...] 年年底前淘汰 96.0 ODP 吨用作园 艺土壤熏蒸剂的甲 基溴的项目提案，这是利比亚甲基溴受控用途的消费总量，由西班牙政 [...]府（作为对基金的双边捐助）和工发组织联合执行。 multilateralfund.org | At its 47th Meeting, the Executive Committee considered a project [...] proposal to phase out 96.0 ODP tonnes of MB [...] used as a soil fumigant in horticulture [...]by the end of 2009, representing the total [...]consumption of controlled uses of MB in Libya, to be jointly implemented by the Government of Spain (as a bilateral contribution to the Fund) and UNIDO. multilateralfund.org |
用于项目的替代熏蒸剂没有 在马来西亚 13 进行登记，需要获得有关部门（农药委员会）的同意与批准，而这导致了项目执行 [...] 的延误；以及 c) 有必要每月举行一次进度会议，以增进各机构之间的协调。 multilateralfund.org | Alternative fumigants for the project [...] were not registered in the country and required consent and approval from appropriate [...]government departments such as the Pesticide Board which caused delays in project implementation; and c) it is useful to conduct a monthly progress meeting to improve coordination among various agencies. multilateralfund.org |
例如，磷化铝 (AlP) 是一种广泛运输的 熏蒸剂，与水反应会生成磷化氢 ( P [...] H 3 )，这是 一种有毒气体（图 5 ）。 itopf.org | As an example, aluminium phosphide (AlP), a [...] widely carried fumigant, reacts with water [...]to produce phosphine (PH 3 ), a toxic gas (Figure 5). itopf.org |
乌拉圭国家臭氧机构已为新阶段的体制建设项目设立了以下目标：遵守淘汰土 壤 熏蒸 剂甲基 溴项目中所规定的甲基溴逐步淘汰时间表；继续达到冻结 CFC 消费的目标，为能 在 2005 年将氯氟化碳的消费量减少到 [...] 1995 至 1997 年三年间平均消费水平的 50%创造条 [...]件；遵守溶剂行业 2005 年的控制措施。 multilateralfund.org | The NOU of Uruguay has set the following objectives for the new phase of [...] the IS project: to [...] comply with the methyl bromide phase-out schedule established in the project for methyl 7 bromide [...]phase-out as a [...]soil fumigant; to continue to meet the CFC consumption freeze; to create the conditions to reduce CFC consumption in 2005 to 50% of its average level for the triennium 1995-1997; and to comply with the control measure for 2005 for the solvent sector. multilateralfund.org |
(b) 关于淘汰青豆和葫芦科生产中用作土 壤 熏蒸剂 的 甲 基溴的最终项目，最初提 交的费用总额为 [...] 1,506,093 美元，外加给予工发组织的 89,707 美元和给予意 大利政府的 40,300 美元。 multilateralfund.org | (b) A terminal project for the phase-out of MB [...] used as a soil fumigant in the production [...]of green beans and cucurbits, originally [...]submitted at a total cost of US $1,506,093 plus agency support costs of US $89,707 for UNIDO and US $40,300 for the Government of Italy. multilateralfund.org |
以往季节查出的问题，2009 年的工作计划中已经认真述及，包括： 登记新的替代熏蒸剂；为更多的熏蒸 公司发证；促进统一害虫管理做法以减少对化学替代 [...] 品的依赖；雇用更多具有坚实农业行业技术背景的工作人员；聘请合格的采购机构负责设 备的采购；以及，加强监测和评价制度。 multilateralfund.org | The issues that were identified in the previous season have been carefully addressed in the work plan for 2009 [...] including: the registration of new [...] alternative fumigants; certifying more fumigation companies; [...]promoting integrated pest management [...]practices to reduce dependence on chemical alternatives; hiring additional staff with a strong technical background in the agriculture sector; engaging a qualified procurement agency to take charge of equipment procurement; and strengthening the monitoring and evaluation system. multilateralfund.org |
工发组织提出建议，摩洛哥政府希望重新制定项目提案以引入以下替代技术：移植法， [...] 日晒结合通过现有的滴灌系统施用 1,3-D 和三氯硝基甲，仅在低虫压的表面区域采用生物 熏蒸剂等。 multilateralfund.org | UNIDO has advised that the Government of Morocco wishes to redesign the project proposal to introduce the following alternative technologies: grafting, solarization in combination with 1,3-D and chloropicrin applied [...] through the currently available drip irrigation [...] system, and bio-fumigation only on surface [...]areas with low pest pressure. multilateralfund.org |
秘书处建议一揽子核准利比亚淘汰用作园艺（番茄、黄瓜、胡椒及其他）土 壤 熏蒸 剂的甲 基溴项目的第二次付款，具体内容如下表所示，条件是付款取决于利比亚政府向基 [...] 金秘书处发出的正式通知，表明 2008 年甲基溴消费量低于该国政府和执行委员会协定规定 [...]的 55 ODP 吨最大允许消费量。 multilateralfund.org | The Secretariat recommends blanket approval of the second tranche of [...] the project to phase out methyl bromide [...] used as a soil fumigant in horticulture [...](tomatoes, cucumbers, peppers and others) [...]in Libya as specified in the table below, on the understanding that disbursement is conditional on the submission to the Fund Secretariat of an official communication from the Government of Libya stating that the level of methyl bromide consumption in 2008 was below 55 ODP tonnes representing the maximum allowable level of consumption in the agreement between the Government and the Executive Committee. multilateralfund.org |
开发计划署还计划为多米尼加共和国清洗 业提供 490 000 美元；为危地马拉清洗业提供 159 000 美元；为印度气雾剂吸入剂产品生产 提供 [...] 300 000 [...] 美元；为牙买加清洗业淘汰计划提供 73 000 美元；为肯尼亚溶剂淘汰计划提 供 800 000 美元；为马来西亚熏蒸剂业提供 200 000 美元；为尼加拉瓜气雾剂吸入剂产品生 产提供 70 000 美元；为乌拉圭清洗业提供 [...]60 000 美元；以及为津巴布韦清洗业提供 150 000 美元。 multilateralfund.org | UNDP included US $490,000 for solvent sector in Dominican Republic, US $159,000 for solvent sector in Guatemala, US $300,000 for aerosol inhalant drug products in India, US $73,000 for solvent sectoral phase-out [...] plan in Jamaica, US [...] $800,000 for solvent sectoral phase-out plan in Kenya, US $200,000 for fumigant sector in [...]Malaysia, US $70,000 for [...]aerosol inhalant drug products in Nicaragua, US $60,000 for solvent sector in Uruguay, and US $150,000 for solvent sector in Zimbabwe. multilateralfund.org |
这种 熏蒸剂与甲基溴相比，也构成了一些相对的不利：有效处理用时更久，并且这可能影响 [...] 市场物流，不过可以通过适当的规划予以克服；如果不在气密条件下适用，并且使用剂 量不够致命（常常导致一再熏蒸），某些害虫就会产生抗力，但这可以而且应当予以防 [...] 止和监测，因为抗力真的可以令磷化氢失去作用。 multilateralfund.org | This fumigant poses some relative [...] disadvantages when compared to MB: effective treatment takes longer and this can impact [...]market logistics, but this can be overcome with appropriate planning; and resistance can develop in some pests if application is not done under gas-tight conditions and sub-lethal doses are used (which often leads to repeated fumigations), but this can and should be prevented and monitored, since resistance can really render phosphine useless. multilateralfund.org |
同样重要的是监测替代品的性能表现， 以确保其性能表现的连续性（例如，检查磷化氢抗力，杀 虫 剂 适 当 适用 和 熏蒸 办 法 培训）。 multilateralfund.org | Equally important is monitoring performance of alternatives to ensure continuity of their [...] performance (for example, checking for phosphine resistance, training in [...] appropriate pesticide application/fumigation methods). multilateralfund.org |
因此，草莓行业恢 复甲基溴熏蒸不存 在风险；此外，对草莓的需求时时在增加，市场价格有利让农民能够实 [...] 施适当的控制措施。 multilateralfund.org | Accordingly, there is no risk for the strawberry sector [...] to revert to MB fumigation; moreover, the [...]demand for strawberries is steadily growing [...]and the favourable market price allows farmers to implement proper control measures. multilateralfund.org |
鉴于全国不同的气候和土壤条件，以及 所 熏蒸 的 作 物的种类较多，农民 有必要根据当地的具体条件采取不同的技术。 multilateralfund.org | Given the different climatic and soil conditions [...] present throughout the country and variety of [...] crops being fumigated, farmers have [...]necessarily to adopt different alternative [...]technologies accordingly to the specific local situations. multilateralfund.org |
同样，生物熏蒸或堆 肥追加可以改善土壤的水份保持能力，提供 养料，从而减少浇水和施肥需要，最终降低成本。 multilateralfund.org | In the same manner, biofumigation or compost addition [...] can improve the water retention capacity of soils and supply nutrients [...]so watering and fertilization needs are reduced resulting in cost reductions. multilateralfund.org |
秘书处代表介绍了 UNEP/OzL.Pro/ExCom/56/11 号文件，其中载有下列项目的执行 进度报告：阿根廷氟氯化碳全国淘汰计划、不丹最终淘汰管理计划、中国氟氯化碳和哈龙 [...] 加速淘汰项目、柬埔寨氟氯化碳和哈龙全国淘汰项目、克罗地亚最终氟氯化碳淘汰管理计 [...] 划核查审计报告、加纳最终淘汰管理计划、肯尼亚在土 壤 熏蒸 方 面淘汰甲基溴的技术转让 项目、墨西哥全国氟氯化碳淘汰计划和墨西哥在化工生产行业淘汰 [...]CFC-11 和 CFC-12 的行 业计划。 multilateralfund.org | The representative of the Secretariat introduced document UNEP/OzL.Pro/ExCom/56/11, which consisted of progress reports on the implementation of: the national CFC phase-out plan in Argentina, the TPMP in Bhutan, the accelerated phase-out of CFCs and halons in China, the NPP for CFCs and halons in Colombia, the verification audit report of the terminal CFC phase-out management plan in Croatia, the TPMP in Ghana, the [...] technology transfer leading to methyl bromide [...] phase-out in soil fumigation in Kenya, the national [...]CFC phase-out plan in Mexico and [...]the sector plan for phasing out the CFC-11 and CFC-12 production sector in Mexico. multilateralfund.org |
(b) 设施和基础设施项下在以下方面所需资源增加：㈠ 向部队派遣国政府 [...] 支付的特遣队所属自我维持装备偿还费用增加，因为编列了全年经费，而 2011/12 年度仅编列了部分时间经费(4 047 [...] 800 美元)；㈡ 工程、清洁和虫害防治及熏蒸 等维 持服务费用升高，因为维持服务估计数还可包括新地点，例如联合边界核查 [...]监测机制总部和 4 个区(2 024 000 美元)。 daccess-ods.un.org | (b) Increased requirements under facilities and infrastructure with regard to: (i) higher costs for reimbursement to the troop-contributing Government for contingent-owned self-sustainment equipment, as the provision is for the full year as compared to a partial provision for 2011/12 ($4,047,800); and (ii) higher maintenance services [...] costs, such as engineering, cleaning and [...] pest control and fumigation, as maintenance [...]services estimates can also include the [...]new locations, such as the Joint Border Verification and Monitoring Mechanism headquarters and four sectors ($2,024,000). daccess-ods.un.org |
政府成立了原料用途监督专家小组；与国家质量监督检验检疫总局交流检疫和装运前 消毒处理熏蒸授权数据；开展核查审计；为负责检疫和装运前消毒处 理 熏蒸 许 可 证的机构 提供能力建设，用于(a) 与负责熏蒸许可 证的机构开展联合调查(b) 制定新的检疫和装运前 消毒处理用途监督和管理规定，以及(c) 建立用于甲基溴检疫和装运前消毒处理用途的新 的管理信息系统。 multilateralfund.org | It has: established an expert team for the supervision of feedstock use; exchanged data with the General Administration of Quality [...] Supervision, Inspection and [...] Quarantine on QPS fumigation authorization; conducted verification audits; and provided capacity building for the 13 agency responsible for QPS fumigation permits for (a) a joint survey with those responsible for fumigation permits (b) [...]the formulation of new [...]QPS use supervision and management regulations, and (c) the establishment of a new management information system for MB QPS uses. multilateralfund.org |
余下的两个项目属于议程项目 [...] 7(g)下审议的投资活动，包括：德国的也门最终淘汰 土壤熏蒸中的 甲基溴；意大利的印度转向无氟氯化碳计量吸入器的国家战略和淘汰药用计 [...]量吸入器制造中的氟氯化碳计划。 multilateralfund.org | The remaining two projects were among the investment activities considered under agenda item 7(g), covering: for [...] Germany, the terminal phase-out of methyl [...] bromide in soil fumigation in Yemen; and for [...]Italy, the national strategy for transition [...]to non-CFC MDIs and the plan for phase-out of CFCs in the manufacture of pharmaceutical MDIs in India. multilateralfund.org |
执行委员会第三十八次会议核准了用于在危地马拉淘汰 468 ODP 吨土壤熏蒸用途 甲基溴的项目，以满足在 2005 [...] 年之前削减 20%的甲基溴基准消费量（例如 400.7 ODP 吨 ）的目标，供资额为 3,257,377 美元，另加给工发组织的机构支助费用，用于在 [...]2005 年之 前淘汰 468.0 ODP 吨甲基溴（第 38/42 号决定）。 multilateralfund.org | At its 38th meeting, the Executive Committee approved a [...] project to phase out 468 ODP tonnes of [...] MB used for soil fumigation in Guatemala, to [...]meet the 20 per cent reduction in MB [...]baseline consumption (e.g., 400.7 ODP tonnes) by 2005, at a funding level of US $3,257,377 plus agency support costs for UNIDO to phase out 468.0 ODP tonnes of MB by 2005 (decision 38/42). multilateralfund.org |
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