单词 | 灭绝种族 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
释义 | 灭绝种族 —genocide种族灭绝 —genocideSee also:灭绝 n—genocide n • extinction n • extermination n 灭绝—become extinct • extinguish • die out 绝种 adj—extinct adj 种族 n—ethnic n • racism n • racist n
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该义务尤其可能来源于关于 [严重违反国际人道主义法的行为 、 灭绝种族 罪 、 危害人类罪 和战争罪]的国际法习惯性规范。 daccess-ods.un.org | Such an obligation may derive, in particular, from customary norms of international [...] law concerning [serious violations of international [...] humanitarian law, genocide, crimes against [...]humanity and war crimes]. daccess-ods.un.org |
此外入有负责西撒哈拉问题的秘书长个人特使的咨询人所需资源, 显示 2010 年计划中的磋商和谈判有所增加(76 400 美元);以及秘书长 防止灭绝种族罪行 问题特别顾问的咨询人所需资源,因为计划在 2010 年 开展培训活动以加强该办公室在提高 对 灭绝种族 罪 行的认识方面的工作 (90 200 美元)。 daccess-ods.un.org | Resources for consultants are also included for the Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General for Western Sahara, reflecting the increase in consultations and negotiations planned for 2010 [...] ($76,400), and the Special Adviser to [...] the Secretary-General on the Prevention of Genocide, as a result of the planned training activities for 2010 to intensify the efforts of the office on genocide awareness ($90,200). daccess-ods.un.org |
该法第 15 节列举了适用于其解 [...] 释的一些条约,亦即:(a) 1948 年的《防止及惩治灭绝种族罪公 约》;(b) 1949 年日内瓦四公约及其《第一和第二附加议定书》(1977 [...]年)和《第三附加议定书》 (2005 年);(c) 1954 [...] 年《关于发生武装冲突时保护文化财产的海牙公约》及其 《议定书》和《第二议定书》(1999 年);(d) 1989 年《儿童权利公约》及其 2000 年《关于儿童卷入武装冲突问题的任择议定书》;(e) 习惯国际法规则和原则; (f) 各个国际法院和法庭的司法裁判。 daccess-ods.un.org | Section 15 of the Act enumerates several treaties to be applied in its interpretation, namely (a) the 1948 [...] Convention on the Prevention and [...] Punishment of the Crime of Genocide; (b) the four [...]Geneva Conventions of 1949 and Additional [...]Protocols I and II (1977) and Additional Protocol III (2005) thereto; (c) the 1954 Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict, its Protocol and its Second Protocol (1999); (d) the 1989 Convention on the Rights of the Child and its 2000 Optional Protocol on the involvement of children in armed conflict; (e) the rules and principles of customary international law; (f) the judicial decisions of international courts and tribunals. daccess-ods.un.org |
但在其他国家,双重犯罪的原则不适用 (如伊拉克),或不适用于某些特定犯罪,如酷刑(如喀麦隆 ) , 灭绝种族 罪 、 恐怖 主义、海盗罪、危害人类罪、战争罪、生态灭绝、制造或扩散大规模毁灭性武器 及使用被禁止的战争方法(如亚美尼亚、斯洛文尼亚)、资助恐怖主义和洗钱(如 [...] 突尼斯)。 daccess-ods.un.org | However, there were other countries where double criminality did not apply (e.g., Iraq) or did not apply with respect to certain crimes [...] such as torture [...] (e.g., Cameroon), genocide, terrorism, piracy, crimes against humanity, war crimes, ecocide, the production [...]or proliferation [...]of weapons of mass destruction and the application of prohibited methods of war (e.g., Armenia, Slovenia), financing of terrorism and money-laundering (e.g., Tunisia). daccess-ods.un.org |
特别报告员还在纽约会见了保护责任问题特别顾问、负责儿 童和武装冲突问题的秘书长特别代表办公室以及防 止 灭绝种族 问 题 特别顾问办公 室。 daccess-ods.un.org | In New York, the Special Rapporteur also met with the Special Adviser for the Responsibility to Protect, and representatives of the Office of the Special Representative of [...] the Secretary-General for Children and Armed Conflict and the Office of the [...] Special Adviser on the Prevention of Genocide. daccess-ods.un.org |
刚果议会两院正在审议一项法案,以批准《保护所有移徙工 [...] 人及其家庭成员权利国际公约》、《防止及惩 治 灭绝种族 罪 公约》,以及《保护 所有人免遭强迫失踪国际公约》。 daccess-ods.un.org | The bill allowing the ratification of the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families, the [...] Convention on the Prevention and [...] Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, as well as [...]the Convention for the Protection of All [...]Persons from Enforced Disappearance were being considered by the two chambers of Parliament. daccess-ods.un.org |
此外,威胁、挑战和改革问题高级别小组的报告(A/59/565)以及秘书长题 [...] 为“大自由:实现人人共享的发展、安全和人权”的报告(A/59/2005)向冲突 地区和冲突后地区的千百万妇女和女孩提出了一些至关重要的倡议,包括:设立 [...] 建设和平委员会;加强对预防冲突的重视;负责保护民众免 遭 灭绝种族 罪 、战争 罪、族裔清洗和危害人类罪;更加有效地保护人权以及加强法治。 un.org | Furthermore, the report of the High-level Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change (A/59/565) and the report of the Secretary-General “In larger freedom: towards development, security and human rights for all” (A/59/2005) proposed a number of initiatives of vital importance to millions of women and girls in conflict and post-conflict areas, including: the creation of a Peacebuilding Commission; increased focus on conflict [...] prevention; the responsibility to protect [...] populations from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing [...]and crimes against humanity; more [...]effective protection of human rights; and enhanced rule of law. un.org |
举 例而言,这可包括以下领域的经验:国内严重和复杂罪行的辩护,如恐怖主义、 杀人、非预谋杀人、贩运和复杂的白领罪行等罪案;涉及国际层面的案子的辩护 [...] 经验,诸如国际司法协助、复杂的移民案、超国家的罪行;以及战争罪 、 灭绝种 族罪和危害人类罪的辩护经验。 daccess-ods.un.org | For example, this may include experience in the following areas: the defence of those charged with serious and complex crimes at the domestic level, such as terrorism, homicide, manslaughter, trafficking and complex white-collar crimes; the defence of cases with international dimensions, such as those involving international judicial assistance, complex [...] immigration issues or supranational crime; and the defence of those charged with [...] war crimes, genocide and crimes against humanity. daccess-ods.un.org |
为进一步 巩固和平与稳定,包括解决在刚果民主共和国东部活动的卢民主力量,将采取若 干非军事措施,例如协助刚果民主共和国政府和卢旺达政府界定解决与卢民主力 量相关问题的条件;鼓励会员国针对居住在其国家的该团体领导人采取必要的法 [...] 律行动;加强解除武装、复员、遣返、重返社会和重新安置方案工作,包括通过 [...] 宣传工作提高认识,并探讨如何进一步吸引卢民主力量战斗人员自愿回返,促进 未参与灭绝种族活动 的卢民主力量士兵持久融入社会和经济生活;以及支持将国 [...] 家权力扩展到卢民主力量部队被赶出的地区,包括矿区和对武装团体有经济利益 的其他地区。 daccess-ods.un.org | In order to further consolidate peace and stability, including addressing the presence of FDLR in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, a number of non-military measures will be taken, such as assisting the Governments of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Rwanda to define an end-state for resolving issues related to FDLR; encouraging Member States to take the necessary legal actions against members of the group’s leadership who reside in their countries; enhancing disarmament, demobilization, repatriation, reinsertion and resettlement efforts, including sensitization through information campaigns, and exploring ways to further attract the voluntary return of FDLR combatants and [...] promote the durable socio-economic [...] integration of the non-génocidaire FDLR rank and [...]file; and supporting the extension of State [...]Authority in areas from which FDLR elements were dislodged, including mining and other areas of economic interest to the armed group. daccess-ods.un.org |
应当注意的是,根据安全理事会第 808 号 决议第 2 段编写的联合国秘书长的报告(联合 国 S/25704 号文件,1993 年 5 月 3 日,第 35 段,第 9 页)指出,“列入国际人道主义协约 法的下述公约体现了适用于武装冲突的法律, 并完全成为国际习惯法的一部分:1949 年 8 月 12 [...] 日《保护战争受害者各项日内瓦公约》; 《陆战法规和惯例》(1907 年 10 月 18 日海牙 第四公约)和《公约附件陆战法规和惯例章 [...] 程》;1948 年 12 月 9 日《防止及惩治灭绝种 族罪公约》和《国际军事法庭宪章》 [省去脚 [...]注参考—— 教科文组织秘书处]。 unesdoc.unesco.org | It should be noted that the Report of the United Nations Secretary-General pursuant to paragraph 2 of Security Council resolution 808 (United Nations document S/25704, 3 May 1993, para. 35, p. 9) stated that “[T]he part of conventional international humanitarian law which has beyond doubt become part of international customary law is the law applicable in armed conflict as embodied in: the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 for the Protection of War Victims; the Hague Convention (IV) Respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land and the Regulations annexed thereto of 18 October 1907; [...] the Convention on the Prevention and [...] Punishment of the Crime of Genocide of 9 December [...]1948; and the Charter of the International [...]Military Tribunal of 8 August 1945” [reference to footnotes omitted – the UNESCO Secretariat]. unesdoc.unesco.org |
例如下列情况:禁止酷 [...] 刑公约的一缔约国试图在一项解释的掩盖下把某种类型的酷刑合法化,或者如果 《防止及惩治灭绝种族罪公 约》的一缔约国将公约解释为不包括某些类型的灭 [...] 绝――即使已经有人指出,在这些事例中,这些所谓的“解释”可能被视为保 留,从而可能属于准则 3.5.1 的范围。 daccess-ods.un.org | Such would be the case, for example, if a State party to the Convention against Torture sought to legitimize certain forms of torture under cover of an interpretation, or if a State that was a party to [...] the Convention on the Prevention and [...] Punishment of the Crime of Genocide interpreted [...]it as not covering certain forms of genocide [...]– even though it has been pointed out that, in these examples, these so-called “interpretations” could be considered reservations and could fall within the purview of guideline 3.5.1. daccess-ods.un.org |
将这些考虑因素合在一起,我 [...] 得出的结论是,法院不应当给南斯拉夫联盟共和国加入 《 灭绝种族 罪 公 约》 的通知附加任何法律效果,而应当根据第 [...]34 条所述依法继承的习惯规则对 国家解体情况的适用,将其视为接受该公约的约束”。 daccess-ods.un.org | These considerations, taken together, lead me to the conclusion that the Court should not attach any legal effect to the notification of [...] accession by the Federal Republic of [...] Yugoslavia to the Genocide Convention, and [...]should instead consider it bound by that [...]Convention on the basis of the operation of the customary rule of ipso jure succession codified in article 34 as applied to cases of the dissolution of a State. daccess-ods.un.org |
安理会关于保护平民的第 1674(2006)号和第 [...] 1894(2009)号决议指出,如果一 个深陷冲突的社会或正从冲突中恢复的社会要正视过去的违法行为,并防止其再次 [...] 发生,则必须结束有罪不罚现象,而且各国有责任履行其义务,调查和起诉涉嫌犯 有战争罪、危害人类罪、灭绝种族罪 或 其他严重违反国际人道主义法的人员。 daccess-ods.un.org | Security Council resolutions 1674 (2006) and 1894 (2009) on the protection of civilians state that ending impunity is essential if a society in conflict or recovering from conflict is to come to terms with past violations and prevent their recurrence, and that it is the responsibility of States to comply with their obligations to investigate and prosecute [...] persons suspected of war crimes, crimes [...] against humanity, genocide or other serious [...]violations of international humanitarian law. daccess-ods.un.org |
(d) 就预防灭绝种族的活动与联合国系统进行联络,并努力提高联合国分析 和处理关于灭绝种族罪或 有关罪行的信息的能力。 daccess-ods.un.org | (d) To liaise with the United Nations system on [...] activities for [...] the prevention of genocide and work to enhance the United Nations capacity to analyse and manage information regarding genocide or related crimes. daccess-ods.un.org |
因此,任何 [...] 人公开否认国家社会主义和共产主义政权犯下 的 灭绝种族 罪 及其他反人道罪、或 表达任何疑问或暗示其微不足道,都是犯罪,可判处三年以下监禁。 daccess-ods.un.org | Likewise any person who publicly [...] denies the crime of genocide and other crimes [...]committed against humanity by national socialist [...]and communist regimes, or expresses any doubt or implies that it is insignificant is guilty of an offence punishable by imprisonment for up to three years. daccess-ods.un.org |
秘书长在第三 节中介绍特别顾问对令人关切的具体情势的应对 情况,包括 2008 年 11 月访问刚果民主共和国以及他的调查结论,特别顾问认为北基伍省的人 权和人道主义形势严峻,有发生 灭绝种族暴 力的危险,对整个 次区域 可 能 产 生种 种 影响, 令 人 深为关切。 daccess-ods.un.org | In the third section, the Secretary-General describes the response of the Special Adviser to specific situations of concern, including his visit to the Democratic Republic of the Congo in November 2008 and his conclusions that there is cause for deep concern regarding the grave human rights and humanitarian situation in North Kivu, including the risk of genocidal violence, with implications for the entire subregion. daccess-ods.un.org |
灭绝种族 罪的 意图是毁灭民族、族裔、种族或宗教群体的整体或一部分。 daccess-ods.un.org | Genocide is grounded in the intent to destroy a national, ethnic, racial [...] or religious group in whole or in part. daccess-ods.un.org |
提及的文书为国际、区域或双边性质,涵盖领域包括海盗罪 、 灭绝种族 罪、国际人道主义法、国际刑法、酷刑、种族隔离、恐怖主义行为、麻醉药品和精神 药物、腐败、洗钱和跨国有组织犯罪、联合国人员及有关人员的安全、强迫失踪、 不适用法定时效、公路运输中的犯罪以及引渡和刑事事项互助。 daccess-ods.un.org | The instruments referred to were of a universal, [...] regional or bilateral [...] nature, covering such areas as piracy, genocide, international humanitarian law, international criminal law, torture, apartheid, [...]acts of terrorism, narcotic [...]drugs and psychotropic substances, corruption, money-laundering and transnational organized crime, the safety of United Nations and associated personnel, enforced disappearances, the non-applicability of the Statute of limitations, road transportation offences, as well as extradition and mutual assistance in criminal matters. daccess-ods.un.org |
2000 年,即 2005 年世界首脑会议认可保护 责任的五年前,非洲联盟组织法第 [...] 4(h)条就已规定,“联盟有权依照大会决定, 在发生下列严重情况时在成员国进行干预:战争罪 、 灭绝种族 和 危 害人类罪”。 daccess-ods.un.org | In 2000, five years before the 2005 World Summit endorsed the responsibility to protect, the Constitutive Act of the African Union provided, in article 4 (h), for “the right of the Union to intervene in a Member State pursuant to a [...] decision of the Assembly in respect to grave circumstances, namely: [...] war crimes, genocide, and crimes against humanity”. daccess-ods.un.org |
当时的秘书长安南委托调查联合国在 1994 年 卢旺达灭绝种族事件 中的行动的独立调查委员会的报告认为,由于“没有投入资 源,也没有作出政治承诺”(见 S/1999/1257,附录,第一节),“联合国在 1994 年灭绝种族事件 中使卢旺达人民失望”(见 S/1999/1257,附录,第三节,第 18 段)。 daccess-ods.un.org | Citing a “lack of resources and political commitment” (see S/1999/1257, enclosure, [...] sect. I), the [...] Independent Inquiry into the actions of the United Nations during the 1994 genocide in Rwanda, commissioned by then Secretary-General Annan, concluded in its report that “the United Nations failed the people of Rwanda during the genocide in 1994” (see [...]S/1999/1257, enclosure, sect. III.18). daccess-ods.un.org |
各国政府表示,已对下列罪行通过专项立法,如海盗罪 、 灭绝种族 罪 、 危害 人类罪、酷刑、战争罪(其中包括侵害个人的战争罪行、侵犯私有财产和其他权利 [...] 的战争罪行、针对人道主义行动和人道主义标志的战争罪行、使用非法战争方法的 战争罪行和采用非法作战手段的战争罪行)、恐怖主义相关犯罪、涉及雇佣军活动 [...] 的犯罪以及麻醉药品和精神药物相关罪行。 daccess-ods.un.org | Governments indicated that specific legislation had been passed in [...] relation to such crimes as piracy; genocide; crimes against [...]humanity; torture; war crimes, [...]including war crimes against persons, war crimes against private property and other rights, war crimes against humanitarian operations and emblems, war crimes concerning illegal methods of war, and war crimes concerning illegal means of war; terrorism-related offences; offences concerning mercenary activities; and crimes relating to narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. daccess-ods.un.org |
特别顾问办公室会同法律专家和非政府组织共同努力确定国际法、特别是人权 [...] 法的规定如何才能更加切实有效地用于引导防 止 灭绝种族 的 工 作,有人形容这种 努力是争取使“保护责任”能够具体履行方面的进步,其中包括一项关于这种责 [...]任应该与特别顾问办公室携手共同加以落实的决定。 daccess-ods.un.org | The efforts of the office of the Special Adviser, in partnership with legal experts and non-governmental organizations, to identify ways in which provisions of international law, and human rights law in particular, can [...] be more effectively used as a guide in [...] the prevention of genocide, are then described, [...]as is progress in operationalizing [...]the “responsibility to protect”, including a decision that implementation of that responsibility should be conducted jointly with the office of the Special Adviser. daccess-ods.un.org |
公务差旅拟议资源 [...] 1 545 700 美元(净增加 50 000 美元),其中包括 秘书长大湖区问题特使所需 12 900 美元,以及秘书长防止灭绝种族罪行 问题特别顾问拟议资源比 2009 年 238 900 美元核定资源增加的 55 800 美元,原因是列入了防止灭绝种族罪 行问题咨询委员会 8 名成员在纽约 参加该委员会会议的旅费;增加部分因负责安全理事会第 1559(2004)号 [...]决议执行问题的秘书长特使(147 700 美元)和负责西撒哈拉问题的秘书 [...]长个人特使(74 400 美元)所需资源减少而抵冲。 daccess-ods.un.org | The resources proposed for official travel of $1,545,700 (a net increase of $50,000) include the provision for the Special Envoy for the Great Lakes Region ($12,900), as well as an increase of $55,800 for the Special Adviser to the [...] Secretary-General on the [...] Prevention of Genocide over the resources of $238,900 approved for 2009, owing to the inclusion of the travel of eight members of the Advisory Committee on Genocide Prevention for [...]its session in New York, [...]offset by decreases in the requirements for the Special Envoy of the Secretary-General for the implementation of Security Council resolution 1559 (2004) ($147,700) and the Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General for Western Sahara ($74,400). daccess-ods.un.org |
以色列的发言改变不了这样一个事实,即以色列 有着最长、最黑暗的恐怖主义记录,将需要一本百科 全书、一座博物馆和一个档案馆来记录和揭露以色列 在其整个血腥历史上对巴勒斯坦人、叙利亚人、黎巴 嫩人、埃及人、约旦人和其他人民犯下 的 灭绝种族 罪、 战争罪和族裔清洗罪。 daccess-ods.un.org | Israel’s statements do not alter the fact that Israel possesses the largest, blackest record of terrorism, which would need an encyclopaedia, a museum and an archive to document and shed light on the crimes of genocide, war crimes and ethnic cleansing carried out against the Palestinians, the Syrians, the Lebanese, the Egyptians, the Jordanians and others by Israel throughout its bloody history. daccess-ods.un.org |
大会并未在任何决议中 认可关于保护责任是防止灭绝种族罪 行 问题特别顾 问办公室的核心任务的观点,也未同意保护责任的特 别顾问应该隶属于防止灭绝种族罪行 问题特别顾问 办公室。 daccess-ods.un.org | The General Assembly had not adopted any resolution endorsing the notion that the responsibility to protect was a core [...] mandate of the Special Adviser on the [...] Prevention of Genocide or agreeing that the Special Adviser on the Responsibility to Protect should be part of the Office of the Special Adviser on the Prevention of Genocide. daccess-ods.un.org |
必须继续特别注意这一旗舰 [...] 项目,以确保各中心仍然是法庭留给后代的遗产的重要组成部分之一,同时作为 联合国关于灭绝种族问题 的参考资料中心,造福于整个国际社会。 daccess-ods.un.org | It is important that special attention will continue to be given to this flagship project, so as to ensure that the centres remain one of the key components of the Tribunal’s legacy for future generations while serving [...] as the United Nations reference centre for [...] information on genocide for the benefit [...]of the entire international community. daccess-ods.un.org |
社会和道德所斥责对于不合法的类型或原因差别而产生的歧视,于澳门 《刑法典》有明确的规范,部份条文禁止及严厉制裁因国籍、种族、人种或宗教 而产生的仇恨和歧视的罪行,这些犯罪行为包 括 种族灭绝 、 煽 动 灭绝种族 、 为实 施灭绝种族而作出协议和种族歧视等。 daccess-ods.un.org | The social-ethical reproach of discrimination based on illegitimate categories or factors is quite clear-cut in the Criminal Code of Macao (CCM), wherein several crimes related to hatred and discrimination based on nationality, ethnicity, race or religion are established and severely punished. daccess-ods.un.org |
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