| 单词 | 海冰 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 | 海冰 noun —sea ice nSee also:冰 n—ice n
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这些参数对探测和预测变化颇为重要，但是它们在 整个全球系统中不是以同样的方式确定的，且不一定与全球各地都有关(例 如 海冰 )。 unesdoc.unesco.org | A centralised access point which is suitable for all types of customers, requesting data from any coast in the world, and designed to a common standard, may itself be an unattainable ideal. unesdoc.unesco.org |
对只涉 及某些区域的参数，如海冰，如果要决定测量内容、时空尺度及测量技术，最好由有关 地区的利益相关各方做决定。 unesdoc.unesco.org | For these categories, and [...] for variables such as sea ice that are restricted [...]to certain regions of the globe, decisions concerning [...]exactly what to measure, the time-space scales of measurement, and the mix of observing techniques are best made by stakeholders in the regions affected. unesdoc.unesco.org |
海冰的范 围很重要，因 为它既是气候变化的指标和成因，又因为它在极地生态系统和航行中起着重要 [...] 作用。 daccess-ods.un.org | Sea ice extent is important [...] as an indicator and as a driver of climate change and because of its important role in polar ecosystems and navigation. daccess-ods.un.org |
气候变化预计将导致海洋表面温度上升、全球海平面上升 、 海冰 覆 盖面减 少以及盐度、海浪情况和海洋环流等方面的变化。 daccess-ods.un.org | Climate change is expected to result in increases [...] in sea surface temperature, a [...] global sea-level rise and decreases in sea-ice cover, as well [...]as changes in salinity, wave [...]conditions and ocean circulation. daccess-ods.un.org |
去年还平了最炎热年记录， 并且北极海冰容量 下降到自开始采用测量法以来的 最低水平。 daccess-ods.un.org | Last year also tied as the hottest year on record, and [...] the volume of Arctic sea ice dropped to its lowest [...]level since measurements began, while [...]catastrophic droughts, forest fires and floods wreaked havoc on countries around the world. daccess-ods.un.org |
最近，地球观测卫星委员会同意支 持继续对海平面、海面风、海冰范围 和海洋颜色进行重要的卫星观测，从而可 [...] 望持续提供这类服务。 daccess-ods.un.org | Recent agreements by the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites to support the [...] continuity of critical satellite observations of sea level, [...] surface winds, sea ice extent and ocean [...]colour offer the hope of sustained provision. daccess-ods.un.org |
不过，雷达影像常常包含大量可能会被误 [...] 以为是油类的异常特征（也可称作误报，例 如 海冰、 藻 类盛放、风幕和雨飑），因此需要由专家来解 释。 itopf.com | However, radar imagery often includes a number of anomalous features, [...] or false positives, that can be mistaken [...] for oil, such as sea ice, algae blooms, [...]wind shadows and rain squalls and so requires expert interpretation. itopf.com |
委员会注意到，气候变化通过各种过程造成的负面影响波及世界各个区 域，如全球变暖、海冰覆盖面和冰体缩减、海平面升高、大规模洋流系统发生 变化、不稳定的天气条件，以及更强烈或更极端的天气事件，如暴风雨、热带 [...] 气旋、洪水和旱灾。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Committee noted that climate change had been adversely affecting all regions of the world through a variety of processes [...] such as global warming, [...] reduction in the sea ice coverage and ice masses, sea-level rise, [...]changes in large-scale current [...]systems in oceans, unstable weather conditions and more intense or extreme weather events such as storms, tropical cyclones, floods and droughts. daccess-ods.un.org |
一项研究说，科研人员有可能预测在未来的一个世纪里随着气候变化 让 海冰 持 续 减少，何处可能出现新的跨北冰洋航运路线。 chinese.eurekalert.org | Researchers might be able to predict where new trans-Arctic shipping [...] routes are likely to emerge as climate change [...] continues to diminish sea ice during the coming [...]century, according to a study. chinese.eurekalert.org |
这些指标包括：全球平均表面温度、海平面上升、全球海洋温度、北 极 海冰范 围、海洋酸化和极端气候事件。 climatecongress.ku.dk | These indicators include global mean surface [...] temperature, sealevel rise, global ocean [...] temperature, Arctic sea ice extent, ocean acidification, [...]and extreme climatic events. climatecongress.ku.dk |
2012 年 9 月，“水珠”观测数据显 [...] 示，与之前于 2007 年创下的纪录相比，北冰洋的海冰面 积 已达到观测史上的最 小值。 oosa.unvienna.org | In September 2012, Shizuku observation [...] data showed that sea ice extent in the Arctic [...]Ocean has become the smallest in observation [...]history, comparing with the past record reached in 2007. oosa.unvienna.org |
而冬季则可欣赏到大片的海冰奇观， 同时还可滑冰或冰钓。 ouluon.fi | The beautiful expanse of sea ice in winter can [...] be admired while skating or ice fishing. ouluon.fi |
例如，2010 年 3 月，加拿大自然资源 部验收了两艘估计可深潜至 5 000 米的自动潜航器，在林肯海冰下开 展研究作业， 支持加拿大关于《公约》第 76 条的海底勘测方案。 daccess-ods.un.org | For example, in March 2010, Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) took delivery of two [...] AUVs’ depth rated to [...] 5,000 metres of seawater to perform research operations under ice in the Lincoln Sea in support [...]of Canada’s seabed survey [...]programme for article 76 of the Convention. daccess-ods.un.org |
气候模型的预测再加上近年来海冰范 围 的历史低纪录已经提高了未来变暖将会打开新的、比现有的连接大西洋和太平洋的航线更短的航线的可能性，目前在这些路线上仍然几乎终年结冰。 chinese.eurekalert.org | Climate model projections, combined with [...] recent historic lows in sea ice extent, have raised [...]the possibility that future warming [...]will open new, shorter-than-existing shipping lanes linking the Atlantic and Pacific oceans via routes that currently remain iced almost throughout the year. chinese.eurekalert.org |
该论坛的目标是应对陆地(北极、喜马拉雅山脉和南极洲 ) 和 海 上 冰川 日益减少对世界各气候带自然与社会之间复杂的相互作用造成的影响。 daccess-ods.un.org | The objective of the Forum was to address the [...] impact of dwindling ice — both terrestrial (the Arctic, the Himalayans and Antarctica) and ocean bound — on the [...]complex interface of nature [...]and society in all climatic zones of the world. daccess-ods.un.org |
对北极夏 季海冰和格 陵兰冰盖来说，全球平均温度上升1-2˚C将可 能足以引发这两个临界要素27 ，不过另一研究28 表明，全 球平均变暖3.1˚C将是格陵兰冰盖的临界点。然而，触发 大多数其它临界要素所需的变暖程度尚未知晓，但即使 [...] 是触发它们的风险较小，也将被视为危险的24 。 climatecongress.ku.dk | The next section deals with some of the consequences and risks that interference with the climate poses for society. climatecongress.ku.dk |
随后，安道尔、亚美尼亚、巴西、智利、 [...] 哥伦比亚、塞浦路斯、多米尼加共和国、萨尔瓦多、芬兰、危地马拉 、 海 地 、冰 岛、 日本、前南斯拉夫的马其顿共和国、黑山、新西兰、尼加拉瓜、巴拉圭、大 [...]韩民国、塞内加尔、塞尔维亚、斯洛伐克、泰国和乌拉圭加入提案国。 daccess-ods.un.org | Subsequently, Andorra, Armenia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Cyprus, the [...] Dominican Republic, El Salvador, [...] Finland, Guatemala, Haiti, Iceland, Japan, the former [...]Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, [...]New Zealand, Nicaragua, Paraguay, the Republic of Korea, Senegal, Serbia, Slovakia, Thailand and Uruguay joined the sponsors. daccess-ods.un.org |
后来又有阿富汗、阿尔巴尼亚、安道尔、贝 [...] 宁、波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那、保加利亚、布基纳法索、哥斯达黎加、克罗地亚、 塞浦路斯、丹麦、厄立特里亚、加蓬 、 海 地 、 冰 岛 、 吉尔吉斯斯坦、马达加斯加、 黑山、尼泊尔、荷兰、挪威、帕劳、巴布亚新几内亚、秘鲁、圣马力诺、塞内加 [...] 尔、塞尔维亚、塞舌尔、斯洛伐克、斯洛文尼亚、西班牙、斯威士兰、泰国、东 [...]帝汶、多哥、乌干达和坦桑尼亚联合共和国加入为该决议草案提案国。 hcoc.at | Subsequently, Afghanistan, Albania, Andorra, Benin, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, [...] Costa Rica, Croatia, Cyprus, Denmark, [...] Eritrea, Gabon, Haiti, Iceland, Kyrgyzstan, Madagascar, [...]Montenegro, Nepal, the Netherlands, [...]Norway, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Peru, San Marino, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Swaziland, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Togo, Uganda and the United Republic of Tanzania joined in sponsoring the draft resolution. hcoc.at |
在这方 面，他们表示，土地、森林、河流、 海 洋 、 生物多样性、大气 、 冰 川 等 是这些 系统的重要组成部分，需要养护和再生，以保持生活的平衡。 daccess-ods.un.org | In this regard they expressed that the land, [...] forests, rivers, sea, biodiversity, atmosphere, glaciers and other components [...]are vital parts of [...]those systems that need to be preserved, and regenerated to maintain the balance of life. daccess-ods.un.org |
在夏季，那是宜人的休闲散心好去处；可是，这波的尼亚湾最狭窄部份，每逢冬季都会受 到 冰海 寒 风 正面吹袭。 visitfinland.com | In summer, it’s a pleasant retreat, but [...] in winter it bears the full brunt of the winds sweeping in [...] from the frozen sea at the Gulf of [...]Bothnia’s narrowest point. visitfinland.com |
芬兰北部拉普兰也是也是美味的北极红点鲑鱼之乡，北极红点鲑鱼是随食物而行的鱼类，牠也可以 在 冰海 钓 到。 visitfinland.com | The cold and deep lakes of northern [...] Finland are also home to the delicious Arctic char, which is a sought-after food fish and [...] is also caught by ice fishers. visitfinland.com |
后来又有安提瓜和巴布达、比利时、伯利兹、保加 [...] 利亚、克罗地亚、塞浦路斯、捷克共和国、丹麦、萨尔瓦多、爱沙尼亚、斐济、 [...] 芬兰、法国、格鲁吉亚、德国、希腊、格林纳达、几内亚、圭亚那 、 海 地 、 匈牙 利、冰岛、 爱尔兰、意大利、牙买加、日本、肯尼亚、拉脱维亚、卢森堡、马达 [...] 加斯加、马耳他、密克罗尼西亚联邦、荷兰、挪威、波兰、葡萄牙、罗马尼亚、 [...] 斯洛伐克、斯洛文尼亚、所罗门群岛、西班牙、瑞典、多哥、土耳其和乌干达加 入为该决议草案提案国。 hcoc.at | Subsequently, Antigua and Barbuda, Belgium, Belize, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, El Salvador, Estonia, Fiji, Finland, France, [...] Georgia, Germany, Greece, Grenada, [...] Guinea, Guyana, Haiti, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, [...]Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, Latvia, [...]Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malta, Micronesia (Federated States of), the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Spain, Sweden, Togo, Turkey and Uganda joined in sponsoring the draft resolution. hcoc.at |
阿富汗、阿尔巴尼亚、阿根廷、亚美尼亚、澳大利亚、奥地利、阿塞拜疆、孟 加拉国、比利时、不丹、多民族玻利维亚国、保加利亚、中非共和国、智利、 [...] 刚果、克罗地亚、塞浦路斯、捷克共和国、刚果民主共和国、丹麦、萨尔瓦多、 [...] 爱沙尼亚、斐济、芬兰、法国、德国、希腊、危地马拉、圭亚那 、 海 地 、 匈牙 利、冰岛、 印度、爱尔兰、意大利、牙买加、科威特、立陶宛、卢森堡、马耳 [...] 他、毛里求斯、摩纳哥、黑山、缅甸、尼泊尔、挪威、菲律宾、波兰、葡萄牙、 [...] 罗马尼亚、俄罗斯联邦、塞尔维亚、新加坡、斯洛伐克、斯洛文尼亚、西班牙、 斯里兰卡、泰国、土耳其和大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国：决议草案 daccess-ods.un.org | Afghanistan, Albania, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Belgium, Bhutan, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Bulgaria, Central African Republic, Chile, Congo, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Denmark, El Salvador, Estonia, Fiji, [...] Finland, France, Germany, Greece, [...] Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Hungary, Iceland, India, Ireland, [...]Italy, Jamaica, Kuwait, Lithuania, [...]Luxembourg, Malta, Mauritius, Monaco, Montenegro, Myanmar, Nepal, Norway, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Turkey and United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland: draft resolution daccess-ods.un.org |
尼亚和黑塞哥维那、博茨瓦纳、巴西、佛得角、 [...] 智利、哥伦比亚、刚果、多米尼加共和国、厄 [...] 瓜多尔、萨尔瓦多、埃塞俄比亚、斐济、加纳、 危地马拉、几内亚、几内亚比绍、海 地 、 洪都 拉斯、冰岛、印度、日本、肯尼亚、马达加斯 加、马里、毛里求斯、墨西哥、蒙古、莫桑比 [...] 克、纳米比亚、尼泊尔、新西兰、尼日利亚、 [...] 挪威、巴拿马、巴布亚新几内亚、巴拉圭、秘 鲁、菲律宾、大韩民国、卢旺达、塞内加尔、 塞尔维亚、新加坡、所罗门群岛、斯里兰卡、 瑞士、特立尼达和多巴哥、瓦努阿图。 daccess-ods.un.org | Albania, Angola, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Cape Verde, Chile, Colombia, Congo, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Ethiopia, [...] Fiji, Ghana, Guatemala, Guinea, [...] Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Honduras, Iceland, India, Japan, [...]Kenya, Madagascar, Mali, Mauritius, [...]Mexico, Mongolia, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, New Zealand, Nigeria, Norway, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Republic of Korea, Rwanda, Senegal, Serbia, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Switzerland, Trinidad and Tobago, Vanuatu. daccess-ods.un.org |
许多国家还报告，在国家管辖范围内建立各种特定 禁渔区，以禁止底层捕捞活动，保护脆 弱 海 洋 生 态系统不受重大不利影响(保加 利亚、加拿大、智利、哥伦比亚、克罗地亚、丹麦 、 冰 岛 、 意大利、墨西哥、挪 威、帕劳、美国)。 daccess-ods.un.org | Many States also reported on a variety of specific closures within areas of national jurisdiction to [...] prohibit bottom fishing activities and [...] protect VMEs from significant adverse impacts (Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Croatia, Denmark, Iceland, Italy, Mexico, Norway, Palau, United States). daccess-ods.un.org |
阿尔巴尼亚、安哥拉、阿根廷、澳大利亚、孟加拉国、比利时、贝宁、保加利 亚、布基纳法索、布隆迪、中国、刚果、刚果民主共和国、丹麦、吉布提、多米 [...] 尼加共和国、萨尔瓦多、爱沙尼亚、危地马拉 、 冰 岛 、印度、爱尔兰、以色列、 意大利、日本、肯尼亚、吉尔吉斯斯坦、马里、摩洛哥、波兰、大韩民国、摩尔 [...] 多瓦共和国、罗马尼亚、卢旺达、塞内加尔、西班牙、泰国、前南斯拉夫的马其 [...] 顿共和国、土耳其、乌克兰、美利坚合众国和津巴布韦随后加入为提案国。 daccess-ods.un.org | Subsequently, Albania, Angola, Argentina, Australia, Bangladesh, Belgium, Benin, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, China, Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Denmark, Djibouti, [...] the Dominican Republic, El Salvador, [...] Estonia, Guatemala, Iceland, India, Ireland, [...]Israel, Italy, Japan, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, [...]Mali, Morocco, Poland, the Republic of Korea, the Republic of Moldova, Romania, Rwanda, Senegal, Spain, Thailand, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Turkey, Ukraine, the United States of America and Zimbabwe joined the co-sponsors. daccess-ods.un.org |
随后，奥地利、比利时、保加利亚、克罗地亚、塞浦路斯、捷克共和国、丹 [...] 麦、爱沙尼亚、芬兰、法国、德国、希腊、匈牙利 、 冰 岛 、 爱尔兰、意大利、拉 脱维亚、立陶宛、卢森堡、马耳他、荷兰、波兰、葡萄牙、罗马尼亚、斯洛伐 [...] 克、斯洛文尼亚、西班牙、瑞士和美利坚合众国加入为提案国。 daccess-ods.un.org | Subsequently, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, [...] Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, [...] Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, [...]Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the [...]Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland and the United States of America joined the sponsors. daccess-ods.un.org |
在本届会议上，社会科学及人文科学委员会和自然科学委员会审议了 35 C/COM SC/DR.1 [...] 号文件所建议的决议（提案国：奥地利、比利时、玻利维亚多民族国、布基纳法 [...] 索、刚果、朝鲜民主主义人民共和国、丹麦、吉布提、多米尼加共和国、芬兰 、 冰 岛 、 利比 亚、立陶宛、卢森堡、马达加斯加、新西兰、荷兰、挪威、帕劳、巴布亚新几内亚、波兰、 [...] 葡萄牙、萨摩亚、塞内加尔、斯洛文尼亚、瑞典、图瓦卢和乌拉圭；共同提案国：巴巴多 [...] 斯、哥斯达黎加、德国、哈萨克斯坦、拉脱维亚、黎巴嫩、马来西亚、摩纳哥、巴基斯坦、 所罗门群岛、苏里南和赞比亚），要求总干事利用教科文组织独有的跨学科背景，加强教科 文组织在气候变化问题上的专业能力。 unesdoc.unesco.org | During this session, the SHS and SC Commissions examined the resolution proposed in document 35 C/COM SC/DR.1 (submitted by: Austria, Belgium, Plurinational State of Bolivia, Burkina Faso, Congo, Democratic People’s Republic [...] of Korea, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican [...] Republic, Finland, Iceland, Libya, Lithuania, [...]Luxembourg, Madagascar, New Zealand, [...]Netherlands, Norway, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Poland, Portugal, Samoa, Senegal, Slovenia, Sweden, Tuvalu, Uruguay; co-sponsored by: Barbados, Costa Rica, Germany, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lebanon, Malaysia, Monaco, Pakistan, Solomon Islands, Suriname, and Zambia), requesting the Director-General to strengthen UNESCO’s specialized capacity on climate change, building upon UNESCO’s unique interdisciplinary profile. unesdoc.unesco.org |
这包括：兴建中的若开邦首府实兑附近 的印度洋海域深海港口 以及平行公路、高速铁路、 石油管道和天然气管道，这将建起一个缅甸通往中 国西南部内陆省份的能源和贸易走廊；加叻丹多式 运输项目（Kaladan multi-modal project）将在印度 洋和印度东部沿海地区 之间、印度洋和印度东北部 内陆地区之间建起一条交通走廊；以及达维发展项 目（Dawei Development Project），按照计划，该项 目将在缅甸南部修建一个大型工业区和一个现代化 深海港， 以及连通泰国并进一步通至越南的公路和 铁路，这样可以从陆路将货物运送至泰国和越南， 比起经马六甲海峡的海路运 输要少花好几天时间。 crisisgroup.org | These include: a deep-sea port being constructed on the Indian Ocean near the Rakhine State capital of Sittwe, and parallel road, high-speed rail, and oil and natural gas pipelines that will create an energy and trade corridor to China’s landlocked south west; the Kaladan multi-modal project that will create a transportation corridor between the Indian Ocean and India’s eastern seaboard and its landlocked north east; and the Dawei Development Project which, if completed according to plan, would include a large industrial estate and modern deep-sea port in the south, with road and rail links for transhipment of goods to Thailand and on to Vietnam, cutting several days off the sea route through the [...] Straits of Malacca. crisisgroup.org |
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