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External sources (not reviewed)

The Executive Board, in 180 EX/Decision 58, proposed to take the pioneering and everpertinent message of Tagore, Neruda and Césaire as the starting point for engaging the Organization in substantial reflection and renewed action on a universal reconciled with diversity in keeping with UNESCO’s intellectual watch mandate within the United Nations system since the adoption of the Organization’s Constitution in 1945.

In accordance with 35 C/Resolution 46 adopted by the General Conference, UNESCO resolved to take the pioneering and ever-pertinent message of Tagore, Neruda and Césaire as the starting point for engaging in substantial reflection and renewed action on a universal reconciled with diversity in keeping with the intellectual watch mandate of UNESCO within the United Nations system.

To implement 180 EX/Decision 58, UNESCO’s Executive Board invited the Director-General to present it with proposals to carry out interdisciplinary programmes based on the work of Tagore, Neruda and Césaire, drawing on all of UNESCO’s fields of competence.

[...] laid for the “Rabindranath Tagore, Pablo [...] [...]

This item has been placed on the agenda by Argentina, Benin, Chile, Côte d’Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, India, Madagascar, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, Togo, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania and Zambia on the encouragement of the Chair of the Executive Board who wishes all of UNESCO’s intersectoral and interdisciplinary programmes, and in particular, the Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions, to be supported by specific projects, enriched by the life work of eminent persons such as Rabindranath Tagore, Pablo Neruda and Aimé Césaire, with a view to building up a conception of the universal reconciled with the particular now that peace is being jeopardized nationally, regionally and internationally by identity-related and spiritual tensions.

An informal meeting held on 16 March 2009 brought together experts on Tagore, Neruda and Césaire with the Permanent Delegations to UNESCO of Benin, Chile, France and India, to explore the themes of convergence between these three authors and to outline potential thematic lines of action for the programme.

[...] [...] of the birth of Tagore (2011) and the [...]

(ii) nature: the message of Tagore, Neruda and Césaire gives meaning and coherence to the search for a new covenant of solidarity between humanity and its environment, on which ethics and all holistic knowledge of the universe must be based

Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941), poet, music teacher, playwright, visual artist, born in Calcutta, was one of the major witnesses and protagonists of the beginning of the industrial era and of the first half of the twentieth century.

As for India, our great poet, Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore, called on us all — Moguls, Chinese, Pathans, Aryans and non-Aryans — to get together and cooperate to give and take in solidarity to ensure universal and regional peace.

(iv) human rights and democracy: the common feature messages of Tagore, Neruda and Césaire in favour of the democratic ideal and citizenship is that they form part of a struggle against colonialism, discrimination and political, economic, social and cultural exclusion

For example, the programme entitled “Rabindranath Tagore, Pablo Neruda and Aimé Césaire for a reconciled universal” is aimed at building on the message of those three outstanding writers as a reflection at the highest level of the interrelationship between the universal and the particular in understanding the complex processes of modernity.

Having noted that Tagore, Neruda and Césaire were at the heart of vast constellations of thought and action and now that a serious economic, financial and ecological crisis is calling into question the intellectual bases of our activities, it is proposed that the convergences between the three authors (and their “fellow thinkers”) be highlighted in order to renew reflection and action that would help us to “rethink the universal” and to place the “intellectual and moral solidarity of mankind”, that is UNESCO’s ultimate objective, on fresh bases.

The goal of the “Rabindranath Tagore, Pablo Neruda and Aimé Césaire for a reconciled universal” programme is to encourage what could become the refounding of the intellectual and moral solidarity of humanity.

Rabindranath Tagore, Aimé Césaire and Pablo Neruda – poet activists and historic figures from different geo-cultural spheres (Asia, Africa/Caribbean, Europe and Latin America) who wore their affiliations on their sleeves, were able to respond to the burdens of history in their time, from the second half of the nineteenth century (Tagore was born in 1861) to the early twenty-first century (with the death of Césaire in 2008).

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[...] [...] János Vitéz, Archbishop of Esztergom, [...] [...]

As early as its use in the Spanish Talgo high-speed train in 1998, the L 520 rzU2 achieved the record speed of 254 km/h. And even today, the 2-speed turbo transmission with hydrodynamic torque converter is the best alternative for push-pull concepts.

Whereas it has been internationally recognized, including by the principal organs of the United Nations, that Armenia unleashed the war, attacked Azerbaijan and occupied its territories, including the Daghlyq Garabagh (Nagorno Karabakh) region, carried out ethnic cleansing on a massive scale, perpetrated other heinous crimes in the course of the war and established the ethnically constructed subordinate separatist entity on the captured Azerbaijani territory, it is curious that Armenian propaganda continues to qualify the aggression against Azerbaijan as “a peaceful and constitutional demand of the Nagorno Karabakh people to exercise its right to self-determination”.

The composition of the Chamber, in order of precedence, is as follows: Judge Treves, President; Judges Marotta Rangel, Nelson, Chandrasekhara Rao, Wolfrum, Yanai, Kateka, Hoffmann, Gao, Bouguetaia and Golitsyn, members.

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The policy of economic blockade against Armenia and Nagorny Karabakh is a serious impediment to the full exercise of the right to development and many other rights, including, first and foremost, political, civil and socio-economic rights.