| 单词 | 法学家 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 | 法学家 —member of the pre-Han legalist schoolSee also:法学—law • legal studies 学家—scholar
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这方面的例子包括法学家联合 会、苏丹妇女联合 会、苏丹人权网络和活跃在不同人权领域的各类民间社会组织。 daccess-ods.un.org | Examples are the Jurists’ Union, the Lawyers’ Union, [...] the Sudanese Women’s Union, the Sudanese Human Rights Network and various [...]civil society organizations working in different human rights fields. daccess-ods.un.org |
国际法学家委员 会表示支持要求赤道几内亚政府保障司法独立的建议，通 [...] 过体制和法律改革，结束有罪不罚的文化。 daccess-ods.un.org | The International [...] Commission of Jurists expressed its [...]support for the recommendations calling on the Government of Equatorial [...]Guinea to guarantee the independence of the judiciary through institutional and legal reforms to put an end to the culture of impunity. daccess-ods.un.org |
(e) 下列非政府组织的观察员：国际 法学家 委 员 会、移民权利国际、(还代 表国际拘留问题联盟、亚洲移徙者论坛和移民和难民权利国家网络 [...] ) 、世界禁止 酷刑组织。 daccess-ods.un.org | (e) Observers for the following [...] non-governmental organizations: International [...] Commission of Jurists, Migrants Rights [...]International (also on behalf of the International [...]Detention Coalition, the Migrant Forum in Asia and the National Network for Immigrant and Refugee Rights), World Organization against Torture. daccess-ods.un.org |
在回答墨西哥和英国提出的关于领事通报和外籍死刑犯的问题时， 代表团指出，美国承诺在联邦立法通过之前遵守阿韦纳案中国 际 法学家 委 员 会的 判决。 daccess-ods.un.org | In response to questions from Mexico and the United Kingdom about consular notification and foreign nationals on death row, the United States noted its commitment, and pending federal legislation, to comply with the Avena ICJ judgment. daccess-ods.un.org |
21 世纪南北合作会在与阿拉伯法学家联 盟 的联合发言中，对政府限制表达 自由继续保持关注，鼓励政府继续与新闻工作者和媒体组织密切合作，确保可在 [...] 媒体上表达各种意见。 daccess-ods.un.org | North-South XXI, in a joint statement with the [...] Union of Arab Jurists, remained concerned [...]about the Government’s limitation of [...]freedom of expression, and encouraged the Government to continue to work closely with journalists and media organizations to ensure that a variety of views were expressed in the media. daccess-ods.un.org |
国家法学家委员会还感到遗憾的是，工作组未涉及到有效防止酷刑的一些 关键问题，包括缺少真正及时、有效和单独会见律师的机会，对据称遭受酷刑或 虐待的人进行及时、独立的体检，以及司法机构对拘留合法性作有效审查。 daccess-ods.un.org | It also regretted that the Working Group had not addressed some of the key issues for the effective prevention of torture, including the lack of prompt, effective and confidential access to a lawyer, and the need for a prompt, independent medical examination of those alleging torture or ill-treatment, as well as effective review by judicial bodies of the legality of the detention. daccess-ods.un.org |
特别报告员还分析了引渡或起诉义务作为习惯国际法一项规则的情况，指 出它在一些法学家的法理著 作中赢得了越来越多的支持，至少就某些罪行而言是 [...] 如此，而一些代表团在特别是大会第六十四届会议(2009 年)第六委员会的辩论中 也承认了这一点，但另一些代表团则要求委员会进一步研究此问题。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Special Rapporteur also analysed the obligation [...] aut dedere aut judicare as a rule of [...] customary international law, noting that its acceptance [...]was gaining prominence at least [...]in respect of certain crimes in doctrinal writings of some legal scholars and was being acknowledged by some delegations in the debates of the Sixth Committee particularly during the sixty-fourth session of the General Assembly (2009), while some others had called for further study by the Commission. daccess-ods.un.org |
1991-2003 年 为会见世界各地法官和知名法学家， 曾出访联合王国、印度、 香港、泰国曼谷、马来西亚吉隆坡、新加坡、澳大利亚、加 拿大及加勒比一些普通法管辖区，其中包括圣文森特和格林 [...] 纳丁斯、巴巴多斯及牙买加。 daccess-ods.un.org | 1991-2003 Judicial contact visits to meet judges and distinguished jurists were made to [...] the United Kingdom, India, Singapore, [...]Australia, Canada, Hong Kong, Bangkok, Kuala Lumpur and a number of Caribbean Common Law jurisdictions, including Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Barbados and Jamaica. daccess-ods.un.org |
2006 年，国际法学家委员 会就下列一般性意见草案提交了法律意见书：(a)人权事 务委员会关于在法院和法庭前一律平等和获得公正审判的权利的第 32 号一般性 意见草案；(b)2007 年经济、社会和文化权利委员会关于享有社会安全权利的第 [...] 19 号一般性意见草案；(c)禁止酷刑委员会关于禁止酷刑和缔约国有责任执行《禁 [...]止酷刑和其他残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或处罚公约 》第二条规定的第 2 号一般性意见草案；以及(d) 人权事务委员会关于在法院和法庭面前一律平等和 获得公正审判的权利的第 32 号一般性意见草案提交的第二份意见书。 daccess-ods.un.org | In 2006, [...] ICJ submitted legal comments on draft general comments as follows: (a) draft general comment No. 32 of [...]the Human Rights Committee [...]on the right to equality before courts and tribunals and to a fair trial; (b) in 2007, draft general comment No. 19 of the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights on the right to social security; (c) draft general comment No. 2 of the Committee against Torture on the prohibition of torture and the duty of the States parties to implement article 2 of the Convention against Torture, Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment; and (d) second submission on draft general comment No. 32 in the Human Rights Committee on the right to equality before courts and tribunals and to a fair trial. daccess-ods.un.org |
98 93. 从这些事例可以看出若干国家对“国家安全概念”的定义要素；这方面 的法 学家放弃 系统地研究每个法律制度如何试图界定这一概念的范围，并写道：“目前 [...] 只需看到：(a) 这个词语既包括外部也包括内部威胁似已得到普遍接受；(b) 各国 政府似不急于对这个词作出准确的定义(更不必说非限制性的定义)，可能是为保 留其行动自由；(c) 这个概念不确切带来的风险经常受到民间社会、甚至有时受 [...]到各国法院的诟病”。 daccess-ods.un.org | Some elements for a definition of the [...] “notion of national [...] security” in a few countries have been found [...]here and there; and, refraining from examining systematically how each legal system has attempted to fix the [...]limits of this notion, the author of that exercise writes: “For the time being, it suffices to note that: (a) it seems generally accepted that the term covers both external as well as internal threats; (b) Governments seem to be in no hurry to give a precise definition (or a non-restrictive definition) of this term in order, probably, to maintain their freedom of action; and (c) the risks arising from the imprecise nature of the notion have often been denounced by civil society and at times even by national courts”.99 94. daccess-ods.un.org |
(e) 下列非政府组织的观察员：法律援助会、法律为人服务正义组织、大 赦国际、巴勒斯坦人居住和难民权利巴迪尔资源中心( 并代表巴勒斯坦人权中心 和妇女法律援助和咨询中心 ) 、开罗人权研究所、保护社会受害者慈善机构、世 [...] 界基督教协进会教会国际事务委员会、欧洲犹太学生联合会、阿拉伯妇女总联合 会、哈大沙、国际犹太复国主义妇女组织、妇女问题调研所、二十一世纪南北合 [...] 作会、保护暴力受害者组织、巴勒斯坦人权中心、妇女行动联合会、阿拉 伯 法学 家联合会、世界进步犹太教联盟。 daccess-ods.un.org | (e) Observers for the following non-governmental organizations: Al-Haq, Law in the Service of Man, BADIL Resource Center for Palestinian Residency and Refugee Rights (also on behalf of the Palestine Centre for Human Rights and the Women’s Centre for Legal Aid and Counselling), Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies, Charitable Institute for Protecting Social Victims, Commission of the Churches on International Affairs of the World Council of Churches, European Union of Jewish Students, General Arab Women Federation, Hadassah, the Women’s Zionist Organization of America, Institute for Women’s Studies and Research, Nord-Sud XXI, Organization for Defending Victims of Violence, [...] Palestinian Centre for Human Rights, Union de l’action [...] feminine, Union of Arab Jurists, World Union for [...]Progressive Judaism. daccess-ods.un.org |
该组织对人权维护者所遭 到 的 众多和 威 胁 和 袭 击 表 示 严 重 关 切 ， [...] 其中一个 例 子 是 最 近 对 哥伦比亚法学 家 委员会一名成员的死 亡 威 胁 。 daccess-ods.un.org | It expressed grave concern on the numerous threats [...] and attacks against defenders, such as the recent death threats against a member [...] of the Colombian Commission of Jurists. daccess-ods.un.org |
她一直参加国际法学家委员 会在拉丁美洲举办的各种培训计划(人权的国际 保护和土著人民权利的国际保护)(1992-1997 年)。 daccess-ods.un.org | She has been consistently involved in various training [...] programmes organized by the International [...] Commission of Jurists in Latin America [...](international protection of human rights [...]and international protection of the rights of indigenous peoples) (1992-1997). daccess-ods.un.org |
人权联系会感到遗憾的是，佛得角未能提交一份书面报告，并且未能在 普遍定期审议互动对话期间 开展广 泛 的 协 商 进程； 佛 得 角 妇女法 学 家 协 会也赞同 这 一观点 。 daccess-ods.un.org | Conectas Direitos Humanos (with the support of the Cape Verdean Women Jurists’ Association) expressed regret that Cape Verde failed to submit a written report and to engage in a broad consultation process during the Universal Periodic Review interactive dialogue. daccess-ods.un.org |
国际法学家委员 会建议乌拉圭废除国家惩罚性索赔失效法；使法律与《儿 童权利公约》保持一致，避免初审判决使用徒刑；废止关于警方程序的法律中违 宪的部分；废止与公务员有关的侮辱、诽谤和伤害法。 daccess-ods.un.org | The International [...] Commission of Jurists, recommended that Uruguay derogate the law on the expiry [...]of punitive claim of the [...]State; bring legislation into line with the Convention on the Rights of the Child, to avoid using prison sentences as a first instance; derogate unconstitutional aspects of the law for police procedures; and derogate the law of disrespect, defamation and injury related to civil servants. daccess-ods.un.org |
(d) 下列非政府组织的观察员：法律援助会、法律服务于人组织、大赦国 际、巴勒斯坦人居住和难民权利巴迪尔资源中心、开罗人权研究所、阿拉伯妇女 总联合会、人权观察社、国际犹太人律师 和 法学家 协 会 、国 际 法学家 委 员会、反 对种族主义支持民族友好运动、二十一世纪南北合作会、巴勒斯坦人权中心、阿 拉伯法学家联合 会、联合国观察组织、国际犹太复国主义妇女组织、世界进步犹 太教联盟。 daccess-ods.un.org | (d) Observers for the following non-governmental organizations: Al-Haq, Law in the Service of Man, Amnesty International, BADIL Resource Center for Palestinian Residency and Refugee Rights, Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies, General Arab Women Federation, Human Rights Watch, International Association of Jewish [...] Lawyers and Jurists, [...] International Commission of Jurists, Mouvement contre le racisme et pour l’amitié entre les peuples, Nord-Sud XXI, Palestinian Centre for Human Rights, Union of Arab Jurists, United Nations Watch, Women’s [...]International League [...]for Peace and Freedom, Women’s International Zionist Organization, World Union for Progressive Judaism. daccess-ods.un.org |
另外，国际法学家委员会编制了给联合国几个条约机构的法律意见书，例如 2007 年给人权事务委员会的关于苏丹司法行政问题的意见书；2007 [...] 年 5 月给禁止酷刑 委员会的关于波兰刑事立法中酷刑定义的意见书；2008 年 5 月给禁止酷刑委员会 [...] 的关于瑞典和冰岛刑事立法中酷刑定义的意见书；以及 2008 年 7 月给人权事务 委员会的关于在大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国打击恐怖主义时遵守包括公平审 判在内的正当程序保障问题的意见书。 daccess-ods.un.org | In addition, ICJ [...] also prepared legal submissions to a number of United [...]Nations treaty bodies, such as its 2007 submissions [...]to the Human Rights Committee on the administration of justice in Sudan, to the Committee against Torture in May 2007 on the definition of torture in the criminal legislation of Poland, to the Committee against Torture in May 2008 on the definition of torture in the criminal legislation of Sweden and Iceland, and to the Human Rights Committee in July 2008 on compliance with due process guarantees, including a fair trial, when countering terrorism in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. daccess-ods.un.org |
国际法学家委员 会特别欢迎关于对移民和寻求庇护者的行政拘留和被拘留 [...] 移民享有司法和程序保障的建议。 daccess-ods.un.org | The International [...] Commission of Jurists welcomed in [...]particular the recommendations regarding administrative detention of [...]migrants and asylum-seekers and access to justice and procedural safeguards for detained migrants. daccess-ods.un.org |
国际法学家委员 会除参与起草和通过上述国际法文书以外，还针对司法机关的独 [...] 立和责任、获得赔偿权利、有罪不罚等问题，编写并出版了各种从业者指南，其 中分析了相关国际法文书的应用问题，并提及联合国各机构和机制的相关法理学 和学说。 daccess-ods.un.org | In addition to the drafting and adoption of the [...] international law instruments as described [...]above, ICJ produced and published various [...]practitioners’ guides on issues such as independence and accountability of the judiciary, right to reparation, and impunity, which analysed the application of relevant international law instruments and referred to related jurisprudence and doctrine of the United Nations bodies and mechanisms. daccess-ods.un.org |
2010 年6月3 日，特别报告员在联合国日内瓦办事处举行的人权理事会第十 [...] 四届会议期间题为“法官和律师的保护措施”的会外活动中发言，该活动是由律 师帮律师组织和加拿大律师权利观察与法官支持法官组织和国 际 法学家 委 员 会合 作举办的。 daccess-ods.un.org | On 3 June 2010, the Special Rapporteur addressed a side event on “Protective measures for judges and lawyers”, organized by Lawyers for Lawyers and Lawyers Rights Watch Canada, in collaboration [...] with Judges for Judges and the [...] International Commission of Jurists (ICJ) at the 14th [...]session of the Human Rights Council at [...]the United Nations Office in Geneva. daccess-ods.un.org |
(e) 非政府组织的观察员：大赦国际、亚洲人权和发展论坛、开罗人权研 [...] 究所、阿拉伯妇女总联合会、人权观察社、南美洲印第安人理事会、 国际法学家委员会、反对种族主义和促进各国人民友好运动、联合国 [...]观察组织。 daccess-ods.un.org | (e) Observers for the following non-governmental organizations: Amnesty International, Asian Forum for Human Rights and Development, Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies, General Arab Women Federation, Human Rights Watch, [...] Indian Council of South America, International [...] Commission of Jurists, Mouvement Contre [...]le Racisme et pour l'Amitié Entre les [...]Peuples, United Nations Watch. daccess-ods.un.org |
在回答另外一个关于挑选将要对联合国系统的豁免权提出法律意见 的 法学家 并 与 之签约 的程序的问题时，秘书处的代表表示，这是联合国当地工作组的联合行动，得到常驻协调员 的支持并由协调员负责签约程序，每个办事处都符合按工作组规定配额计算出的百分比。 unesdoc.unesco.org | In reply to another question on the [...] process of selecting and [...] contracting the jurists called upon to give an opinion in the United Nations system’s immunity from jurisdiction, the [...]representative of [...]the Secretariat recalled that it was a joint initiative of the United Nations Country Team, under the aegis of the Resident Coordinator, who was in charge of the contractual process, with a percentage for each agency calculated on the basis of a quota established by the Team. unesdoc.unesco.org |
超过 500 人参加了辩论，其中包括教科文组织会员国和观察员代表、专注于遗产保护领域 的政府间组织和非政府组织、专家和 法学家 、 考古学家、历史学家、艺术品商人、研究人员和大 学生以及大量国际记者。 unesdoc.unesco.org | More than 500 persons, namely representatives of UNESCO Member States and Observers, intergovernmental organizations, non-governmental organizations [...] specialized heritage [...] protection, experts, legal experts, archaeologists, historians, art dealers, researchers, students and many [...]international journalists, participated in the debates. unesdoc.unesco.org |
尽管各国在评判对国家安全的威胁方面有广泛的酌处权，但一 些法学家认为 ，基于国家安全的驱逐理由要符合相比适度的条件：“有些条约禁 止国家在没有具体原因(如国家安全)时驱逐外国人。 daccess-ods.un.org | Despite the broad discretion of States in assessing threats to national security, some authors believe that the national security ground for expulsion may be subject to a requirement of proportionality: “Some treaties require States not to expel aliens, unless there are specific reasons [e.g., national security]. daccess-ods.un.org |
(d) 以下非政府组织的观察员：哈基姆基金会、阿拉伯人权委员会、阿拉 伯妇女总 联合会(同时代表国际妇女争 取和平 和 自由联 盟 )、 [...] “ 阿 帕 赫·阿 马鲁” 印第安人运动(同时代表世界和 平理事会)、 消除一切 形 式种族歧视国际组织、伊斯兰人权委员会、反对种族主义和促进各国 [...] 人民友好运动、挪威难民理事会、阿拉 伯 法学家 联 合会、联合国观察 社、国际犹太复国主义妇女组织。 daccess-ods.un.org | (d) Observers for the following non-governmental organizations: Al-Hakim Foundation, Arab Commission for Human Rights, General Arab Women Federation (also on behalf of Women's International League for Peace and Freedom), Indian Movement Tupaj Amaru (also on behalf of World Peace Council), International Organization for the Elimination of all Forms of Racial Discrimination, Islamic Human Rights Commission, Mouvement Contre le Racisme et pour L'amitié [...] entre les Peuples, Norwegian Refugee Council, [...] Union of Arab Jurists, United Nations [...]Watch, Women's International Zionist Organization. daccess-ods.un.org |
2005-2009 年期间：(a) 古巴法学家全国 联盟在玻利维亚、哥伦比亚、厄瓜多尔、 墨西哥、西班牙、美国和委内瑞拉玻利瓦尔共和国举行多次双边国际会议；以及 (b) 为许多大学组织了硕士、博士和博士后学位课程。 daccess-ods.un.org | During the period 2005-2009: (a) NUJC held many bilateral international meetings in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Spain, the United States and Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of); and (b) organized master’s, doctoral and post-doctoral degree courses for many universities. daccess-ods.un.org |
(c) 联合国观察员实体、专门机构和相关组织：联合国儿童基金会； (e) 以下非政府组织的观察员：伊拉克妇女总联合会( 并代表阿拉伯妇女总 联合会、国际教育发展会和阿拉伯 法学家 联 合会 ) 、国际拯救儿童联盟( 并代表国 际天主教儿童局、地球社国际联合会、妙智会基金会 ) 、妇女世界首脑会议基金 会、( 并代表美洲法学家协会 和国际世界宣明会)。 daccess-ods.un.org | (e) Observers for the following non-governmental organizations: General Federation of Iraqi Women (also on behalf of the General Arab Women Federation, International Educational [...] Development and the [...] Union of Arab Jurists), International Save the Children Alliance (also on behalf of the International Catholic Child Bureau, International Federation Terre des Hommes, Myochikai (Arigatou Foundation)), Women’s World Summit Foundation (also on behalf of the American Association of Jurists and the World [...]Vision International). daccess-ods.un.org |
国际法 学 家 委员会感 到 关 切 的 是 ， 乌兹别 克 斯坦只 [...] 接 受 了一些 非常空 洞 、有时是含 糊 的建议，而 对一些具体 而 可 以 衡 量 的建议却 提出保留或甚 至 拒 绝 接 受 。 daccess-ods.un.org | International [...] Commission of Jurists (ICJ) expressed [...]concern that Uzbekistan accepted only very general and sometimes vague [...]recommendations, and made reservations or eventually refused those that were specific and measurable. daccess-ods.un.org |
理事会的现任成员是：辛哈·巴斯纳亚克(斯里兰卡，管理层提名的杰出外 聘法学家)、杰 弗里·罗伯逊皇家律师(联合王国，由工作人员提名的著名外聘部 法学家)、弗 兰克·埃珀特(美利坚合众国，管理层代表)、珍妮·克利夫特(澳大 利亚，工作人员代表)和担任主席的南非宪法法院前任法官凯特·奥里甘大法官。 daccess-ods.un.org | The current members of the Council are Sinha Basnayake (Sri [...] Lanka, [...] distinguished external jurist nominated by management), Geoffrey Robertson QC (United Kingdom, distinguished external jurist nominated by staff), [...]Frank Eppert (United States of America, management [...]representative), Jenny Clift (Australia, staff representative) and Justice Kate O’Regan, former judge of the Constitutional Court of South Africa, who serves as chair. daccess-ods.un.org |
a) 效仿欧洲委员会主任委员会的模式，即，有关专家是根据其在有关领域的能力指 定的每个国家的代表，他们可以是技术部委的公务员、法官 、 法学家 等。 unesdoc.unesco.org | (a) follow the Council of Europe’s model of steering committees composed of experts representing each State and appointed [...] according to their expertise in the field concerned, be they civil [...] servants from line ministries, judges, lawyers, and so on. unesdoc.unesco.org |
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