| 单词 | 法学 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 | 法学 —lawlegal studiesExamples:方法学 adj—methodological adj 方法学—methodology 法学院—law school
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一些委员指出， 这种区别是依据各种国际文书、国际 法学 和 国家立法以及判例。 daccess-ods.un.org | Some members pointed out that the distinction was grounded in various international instruments, international jurisprudence and national legislation and jurisprudence. daccess-ods.un.org |
生物圈保留地综合监测计划取得的进展包括，通过由德国主办的一个讲习班对社会经济方面 的监测进行方法学研究 ；还在拟订生物和非生物监测方法。 unesdoc.unesco.org | Developments of BRIM included methodological research on socio-economic monitoring, through a workshop hosted by Germany; abiotic and biotic monitoring methodologies were also being elaborated. unesdoc.unesco.org |
法庭 感谢会议的协办者和主办者——加州大学洛杉矶分 校 法学 院 的 萨内拉·戴安 娜·詹金斯人权项目以及芬兰、荷兰和瑞士政府。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Tribunal is grateful to the co-organizers and sponsors of the Conference — the [...] Sanela Diana Jenkins Human Rights Project at [...] UCLA School of Law and the Governments [...]of Finland, the Netherlands and Switzerland. daccess-ods.un.org |
这一办事处网络将可协助推动在减贫等领域加强区域合作并缩 [...] 小发展差距，同时还将促进次区域和整个区域内部及之间加速的和可持续 增长的方法学。 daccess-ods.un.org | This network of offices will assist in enhancing regional cooperation as well as bridging development gaps, including in the area of poverty reduction, and [...] would promote methodologies for accelerated and [...] sustainable growth within and among [...]subregions and the region as a whole. daccess-ods.un.org |
该图书馆包括：(a) 历史档案，包含有 [...] 1945 年以来 [...] 在联合国和有关机构主持下谈判和通过的法律文书的文件和视听材料；(b) 系列 讲座，关于国际法(包括海洋法)的永久收藏讲座，讲演者为重要的国 际 法学 者和从业人员；(c) 研究图书馆，提供在线国际法图书服务，具有条约、判例、出版 物和文件、学术著作和研究指南的链接。 daccess-ods.un.org | It consists of: (a) historic archives containing documents and audiovisual material relating to the negotiation and adoption of legal instruments under the auspices of the United Nations and related organizations since 1945; (b) a lecture series featuring a permanent collection [...] of lectures on [...] international law, including the law of the sea, given by leading international law scholars and practitioners; [...]and (c) a research [...]library providing an online international law library with links to treaties, jurisprudence, publications, documents, scholarly writings and research guides. daccess-ods.un.org |
(e) 采取全面的做法以拓宽法律援助服务提供人的队伍，举例说，为此鼓 励设立配备律师和法律助理的法律援助服务中心， 与 法学 会 和 律师协会、 大学 法律诊 所、非政府组织及其他组织订立提供法律援助服务的协议。 daccess-ods.un.org | (e) To diversify legal aid service providers by adopting a comprehensive approach, for example, by encouraging the establishment of centres to provide legal aid services that are staffed by lawyers and paralegals and [...] by entering into agreements with law [...] societies and bar associations, university law clinics and non-governmental [...]and other [...]organizations to provide legal aid services. daccess-ods.un.org |
国家法学家委员会还感到遗憾的是，工作组未涉及到有效防止酷刑的一些 关键问题，包括缺少真正及时、有效和单独会见律师的机会，对据称遭受酷刑或 虐待的人进行及时、独立的体检，以及司法机构对拘留合法性作有效审查。 daccess-ods.un.org | It also regretted that the Working Group had not addressed some of the key issues for the effective prevention of torture, including the lack of prompt, effective and confidential access to a lawyer, and the need for a prompt, independent medical examination of those alleging torture or ill-treatment, as well as effective review by judicial bodies of the legality of the detention. daccess-ods.un.org |
本规范给那些由 JAX-RPC 定义的、用来实现 Web [...] 服务容器添加了额外的构件：基于角色的开发 方 法学 、 可 移植的打包和 J2EE 容器服务对 Web 服务的体系结构。 huihoo.org | This specification adds additional artifacts to those defined by JAX-RPC that may [...] used to implement Web services, a role [...] based development methodology, portable packaging [...]and J2EE container services to the Web services architecture. huihoo.org |
在委员会享有常设观察员地位的下 列非政府组织的观察员出席了会议：欧洲空间政策研究所、国际宇航科学院、 国际宇航联合会、国际法协会、国际空 间 法学 会 、 国家空间协会、世界安全基 金会和航天新一代咨询理事会。 daccess-ods.un.org | The session was attended by observers for the following non-governmental organizations having permanent observer status with the Committee: European Space [...] Policy Institute, [...] International Academy of Astronautics, International Astronautical Federation, International Law Association, International Institute of Space Law, National [...]Space Society, Secure [...]World Foundation and Space Generation Advisory Council. daccess-ods.un.org |
他是哥伦比亚大学法学院(法学硕士 ，1973 年)和印度尼西亚大学法学院(法 学硕士，1965 年)毕业生。 daccess-ods.un.org | He is a graduate of Columbia University [...] School of Law (Master of Law - LLM, 1973) and University of Indonesia School of Law (Master of Law - S.H, 1965). daccess-ods.un.org |
Ma先生曾在中国内地和香港担任夏威夷州贸易代表；1987-1995年他担任夏威夷大学理查 森 法学 院 法学 副 教 授。 tipschina.gov.cn | Mr. Ma has acted as the Trade Representative of the State of Hawaii in Hong Kong and [...] China; and as an Adjunction [...] Professor of Law at the Richardson School of Law at the University of Hawaii [...]from 1987-1995. tipschina.gov.cn |
B纳 入新承诺视为主要任务。他还指出，特设工作组还讨论了以下问题，包括：土地 [...] 利用、土地利用的变化和林业；排放量交易和基于项目的机制； 方 法学 问 题 ；审 议附件一缔约方可使用的工具、政策、措施和方法可能产生的环境、经济和社会 [...]影响，包括外溢效应的信息。 daccess-ods.un.org | He also noted that the AWG-KP has also considered other issues including: land use, land-use change and forestry; [...] emissions trading and the [...] project-based mechanisms; methodological issues; and information [...]on potential environmental, [...]economic and social consequences, including spillover effects, of tools, policies, measures and methodologies available to Annex I Parties. daccess-ods.un.org |
1991-2003 年 为会见世界各地法官和知名法学家，曾出访联合王国、印度、 香港、泰国曼谷、马来西亚吉隆坡、新加坡、澳大利亚、加 拿大及加勒比一些普通法管辖区，其中包括圣文森特和格林 [...] 纳丁斯、巴巴多斯及牙买加。 daccess-ods.un.org | 1991-2003 Judicial contact visits to meet judges and distinguished jurists were made [...] to the United Kingdom, India, Singapore, [...]Australia, Canada, Hong Kong, Bangkok, Kuala Lumpur and a number of Caribbean Common Law jurisdictions, including Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Barbados and Jamaica. daccess-ods.un.org |
此外，从非常实用的角度来 [...] 看，随着法庭工作量减少，其部分房舍 供 法学 院 使 用，拘留设施用来收容包括青 少年以及“普通”刑事法庭判处徒刑的妇女等弱势被拘留者。 daccess-ods.un.org | Moreover, from a very practical point of view, as the Court’s workload [...] decreased, part of its premises were being [...] used for the law faculty and its detention [...]facilities to accommodate vulnerable [...]detainees including juveniles and women serving sentences imposed by the “ordinary” criminal courts. daccess-ods.un.org |
一些国际条约、法律文书和国家法律，以及国家、区域和国 际 法学 及 世 界和 区域级的政府间机构的决议，都承认对严重侵犯人权和严重违反国际人道主义法 [...] 律问题的了解真相的权利。 daccess-ods.un.org | Several international treaties and instruments and national [...] laws, as well as national, regional and [...] international jurisprudence and numerous [...]resolutions of intergovernmental bodies [...]at the universal and regional levels, recognize the right to the truth about gross violations of human rights and serious violations of international humanitarian law. daccess-ods.un.org |
纪念活动包括：和巴勒斯坦驻印度尼西亚代表 以及万隆天主教大学法学院合 作举办一次展览；在 坦桑尼亚的达累斯萨拉姆，当地一位著名诗人举行 [...] 了诗歌朗诵会，表达了声援巴勒斯坦人民的愿望； 在国立莫斯科国际关系学院举行了一次活动，与会 者包括俄罗斯外交部代表、巴勒斯坦大使馆代表以 [...] 及非洲和亚洲国家大使；在南非比勒陀利亚举行了 一次小组讨论，并且在此再次举办上述展览，共有 150 名政府、民间社会和学术界代表出席。 daccess-ods.un.org | Commemorative events had included: an exhibit, produced in collaboration with the representative [...] of Palestine to Indonesia and [...] the Faculty of Law at Atma Jaya Catholic University; in Dar es Salaam, [...]Tanzania, a recitation [...]by a local poet of renown expressing solidarity with the Palestinian people; an event at the Moscow State Institute of International Relations with the participation of representatives of the Russian Ministry for Foreign Affairs, the Embassy of Palestine and ambassadors of African and Asian States; and in Pretoria, South Africa, a panel discussion and a reproduction of the exhibit, with 150 representatives of Government, civil society and academia in attendance. daccess-ods.un.org |
98 93. 从这些事例可以看出若干国家对“国家安全概念”的定义要素；这方面 的法 学家放 弃系统地研究每个法律制度如何试图界定这一概念的范围，并写道：“目前 只需看到：(a) 这个词语既包括外部也包括内部威胁似已得到普遍接受；(b) 各国 政府似不急于对这个词作出准确的定义(更不必说非限制性的定义)，可能是为保 留其行动自由；(c) 这个概念不确切带来的风险经常受到民间社会、甚至有时受 到各国法院的诟病”。 daccess-ods.un.org | Some elements for a definition of the “notion of national security” in a few countries have been found here and there; and, refraining from examining systematically how each legal system has attempted to fix the limits of this notion, the author of that exercise writes: “For the time being, it suffices to note that: (a) it seems generally accepted that the term covers both external as well as internal threats; (b) Governments seem to be in no hurry to give a precise definition (or a non-restrictive definition) of this term in order, probably, to maintain their freedom of action; and (c) the risks arising from the imprecise nature of the notion have often been denounced by civil society and at times even by national courts”.99 94. daccess-ods.un.org |
1980-1989 年 加的斯大学法学院法律史教授/系主任。 daccess-ods.un.org | 1980-1989 Professor/Head of Department, [...] History of Law, Faculty of Law, University of Cadiz. daccess-ods.un.org |
在可能的情况下，本方法学基于 CDM 执行理事会批准的“退化土地造林再造林 方 法学” (AR-ACM0001 版本 5.1.0)。 pandastandard.org | This methodology, whenever feasible, is also based on the methodology “Afforestation and reforestation of degraded [...] land”(AR-ACM0001 Version 5.1.0) [...]approved by CDM Executive Board. pandastandard.org |
学会的代表参加了以下联合国会议：(a) 2006 年 6 月、2007 年 12 月和 2008 年 6 月在日内瓦召开的人权理事会届会——来自波士顿新英格 兰 法学 院 的 学会代 表出席了这些会议；(b) 2006 年 3 月、2007 年 3 月和 2008 年 3 月在纽约召开的 人权事务委员会届会——来自波士顿新英格 兰 法学 院 的 学会代表出席了这些会 议；(c) 2008 年 6 月在纽约召开的联合国海洋法会议——来自西班牙科尔多瓦大 学的学会代表出席了会议。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Society was represented at the following United Nations meetings: (a) the sessions of the Human Rights Council in June 2006, December 2007 and June 2008 in Geneva [...] — a representative [...] from the New England Law School in Boston attended; (b) the sessions of the Human Rights Committee in March 2006, March 2007 and March 2008 in New York — a representative from the New England Law School in Boston attended [...]the sessions; (c) the [...]meeting of the United Nations Law of the Sea in June 2008, in New York — a representative from the University of Cordoba in Spain attended. daccess-ods.un.org |
(c) 了解如何确保在采用〈2006 年气专委指南〉实行的新的或修订的 方法 学时保 持各时间序列的一致性，特别是在缔约方没有活动数据，无法利用这些方 [...] 法对以前年份清单时间序列的排放量进行估计的情况下。 daccess-ods.un.org | (c) Access guidance on how to ensure [...] time-series consistency when applying [...] new or revised methodologies introduced by [...]the 2006 IPCC Guidelines, particularly [...]in situations when the Party may not have activity data to estimate emissions using these methodologies for earlier years of the inventory time series. daccess-ods.un.org |
这些研究的方 法学工具 是延伸到社会学中的系统工程。 cigr.org | A methodological tool for these studies [...] was and is systems engineering, with extensions into sociology. cigr.org |
即使之后的欧洲专利局 (EPO) 惯例和法学从某种程度上淡化了这些条款的范围，13 [...] 但对大 多数发展中国家来说，采用这一最低限度的排除清单是完全合理的。 iprcommission.org | Even though subsequent EPO [...] practice and jurisprudence have to some [...]extent diluted the scope of these Articles,13 it would [...]seem entirely reasonable for most developing countries to adopt this list of exclusions as a minimum. iprcommission.org |
科技咨询机构决定继续审议以上第28 段所指方法学指导 意见，同时考虑到 本文件附件二所指要素，以便在第三十五届会议上完成工作，并且向缔约方会议 [...] 第十七届会议报告取得的进展，包括作为建议就这一事项提出的任何决定草案。 daccess-ods.un.org | The SBSTA decided to continue its [...] consideration of the methodological guidance referred [...]to in paragraph 28 above, taking into [...]account the elements referred to in annex II to this document, with the aim of completing its work on these matters at its thirty-fifth session and reporting to the Conference of the Parties (COP) at its seventeenth session on progress made, including any recommendations for draft decisions on this matter. daccess-ods.un.org |
申请博士课程必须取得硕士学位或同等 学位，而外国的申请学生必须提供在波兰学习 获得硕士学位的学位证书，或者在国外完成高 等教育，在波兰被承认的合法学位证 书或同等 学位证书。 paiz.gov.pl | Candidates applying for PhD course must have a master’s degree or an equivalent, while foreign candidates must provide a diploma of a master’s degree course of study obtained in Poland or a legalised diploma or another [...] certificate confirming the [...] completion of higher education obtained abroad and recognised under separate provisions as equivalent [...]to a polish degree. paiz.gov.pl |
另外还收到研究人员、设在牙买加的若干大使馆和常驻代表团以及其他国家 的各类学术和研究机构提出的请求，并向他们提供了图书馆服务，其中包括：中 国厦门大学；尼日利亚海洋学和海洋研究所；新西兰奥克兰大学图书馆；联合王 [...] 国剑桥芬纳斯钱伯斯律师事务所；墨西哥国立自治大学海洋和湖泊科学研究所； [...] 加勒比法院；环境署牙买加办事处；牙买加国家环境与规划局、海事管理局和外 交和对外贸易部；牙买加理工大学的学生；牙买加西印度群岛大学和诺曼·曼利 法学院；加勒比海洋研究所；阿伦·柯顿(Allan Kirton)；中国常驻牙买加代表 团和巴西常驻牙买加代表团。 daccess-ods.un.org | Requests were also received from, and library services utilized by, individual researchers, a number of embassies and permanent missions based in Jamaica and academic and research institutions in other countries, including Xiamen University, China; the Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research; the University of Auckland Library, New Zealand; Fenners Chambers, Cambridge, United Kingdom; the Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología of the National Autonomous University of Mexico; the Caribbean Court of Justice; the UNEP office in Jamaica; the National Environment and Planning Agency, the Maritime Authority and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade [...] of Jamaica; students from the [...] University of Technology, the University of the West Indies and the Norman Manley Law School, Jamaica; [...]the Caribbean Maritime [...]Institute; Allan Kirton; and the permanent missions of China and Brazil in Jamaica. daccess-ods.un.org |
但两个案文之间存在着两处不同：㈠ 国际法学会的 决议只涉及武装冲突各 方之间有效的条约的命运，委员会的草案则应涵盖条约缔约方与武装冲突当事方 之间、以及冲突单一当事国与“第三”国(即未参与冲突的条约缔约国)之间的武 装冲突的影响；㈡ 国际法学会的 案文使用了“当然”的说法，而委员会所拟定 的第 3 条草案用“自动”、再用“必然”加以取代。 daccess-ods.un.org | However, there are two differences between these two provisions: (i) whereas the Institute’s resolution is concerned only with the fate of treaties in force between the parties to the armed conflict, the Commission’s draft is intended to cover the effect of armed conflicts either between parties to the treaty that are also parties to the armed conflict, or between a single State party to the conflict and a “third” State, that is, a State party to the treaty which is not a party to the conflict; (ii) the Institute’s text uses the term “ipso facto”, whereas, in the Commission’s draft article 3, that term was replaced by “automatically” and, later, “necessarily”. daccess-ods.un.org |
缺乏可用数据的可比性将继续成 [...] 为挑战，同样地，由于在统计这一充满活力、而且多样的部门方面所遇到 的方法学困难 ，作为官方经济及社会统计组成部分的定期数据收集也将继 [...]续构成挑战。 daccess-ods.un.org | Lack of comparability of available data continues to be a challenge, as does the regular compilation of data as part [...] of official economic and social [...] statistics, owing to methodological difficulties in [...]capturing such a dynamic and diverse sector. daccess-ods.un.org |
日利亚大学法学士(1 979 年)；罗格斯大学妇女全球领导地位协会，新泽西州，1999 年；美利坚大学华盛顿法学院人 权与人道主义法研究院，美国，2003 年；日内瓦 世界禁止酷刑组织关于在执行人权中使用国际人权文书的课程，以及发展联系组 织和妇发基金关于“赋权、艾滋病和暴力侵害妇女行为”的全球课程，2009 年。 daccess-ods.un.org | B, University of Nigeria (1979), Women’s Global Leadership Institute, Rutgers University, New Jersey 1999, Academy on Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, Washington College of Law, American University, USA 2003, [...] Using International [...]Human Rights Instruments in the Enforcement of Human Rights by OMCT Geneva and Global Course on “Empowerment, HIV and Violence against Women” by Development Connections and UNIFEM 2009. daccess-ods.un.org |
英汉双解词典包含2273206条英汉词条，基本涵盖了全部常用单词的翻译及用法，是英语学习的有利工具。