| 单词 | 氢氟烃 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 | 氢氟烃 —hydrofluorocarbonSee also:氢氟 adj—hydrofluoric adj 氢 n—hydrogen n 氢—hydrogen (chemistry) 烃—hydrocarbon
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目前，在室内空调制造业中，尚没有最终替代技术可以替代 HCFC-22，最有 前途的技术是碳氢化合物、氢氟烃化 合物和二氧化碳。 multilateralfund.org | Currently there are no final [...] alternatives to replace HCFC-22 in the sector, and the most promising technologies are hydrocarbons (HCs), hydrofluorocarbons [...](HFCs) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). multilateralfund.org |
第二期工程将扩大这些服务的范围，囊括含氯 氟 烃 ( C F C) 和 含 氢 氯 氟烃 ( H C FC )制冷剂等所有ODS以及全球变暖潜能值(GWP)较高 的 氢氟烃 ( H F C)的回收与蓄储。 businesswirechina.com | The second phase will expand these services to include reclamation and banking of [...] all ODS [...] including Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) refrigerants, and in addition Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) that [...]are high in Global Warming Potential (GWP). businesswirechina.com |
世界银行告知秘书处，目前购置的 77 台回 [...] 收与再循环机器适用于各类氟氯化碳、氟 氯 烃 、 氢氟烃 ， 计划将其用于固定式制冷与空调 装置，其中可能包含氟氯烃的典型应用。 multilateralfund.org | The World Bank informed the Secretariat that 77 recovery and [...] recycling machines currently purchased are [...] usable for CFCs, HCFCs, and HFCs and are intended [...]for stationery refrigeration and air [...]conditioning, which would cover the typical HCFC applications. multilateralfund.org |
在第十五次会议上，《蒙特利尔议定书》缔约国注意到，在未作出进一步澄清的情况 下，有人推定摩洛哥没有遵守《议定书》中规定的管制措施，因为根据摩洛哥有关附件 C 第二类的年度数据报告，2002 年消耗臭氧层物质（臭氢氟烃）没 有达到《议定书》中规 定的 100%淘汰要求。 multilateralfund.org | 33. At their Fifteenth Meeting, the Parties to the Montreal Protocol noted that, in the absence of further clarification, Morocco is presumed to be in non-compliance with control measures under the Protocol, as Morocco has reported annual data for Annex C, group II, ozone-depleting substances (hydrobromofluorocarbons) for 2002 which are above its requirement for a 100 per cent phase-out. multilateralfund.org |
该过渡已经在某些第 5 条国家推行，在这些国家， 在市场上的计量吸入器是使用氢氟烷 烃 推 进 剂。 multilateralfund.org | This transition has already been introduced in some Article 5 countries where the MDIs available in [...] the market are based on HFA propellants. multilateralfund.org |
在制造沙美特罗计量吸入器时，为了 用 氢氟 烷烃替代CFC-11 和 CFC-12 作为推进剂，将需要较为复杂的工序，原因是新 的 氢氟 烷烃 配方无法使用乙醇。 multilateralfund.org | In the case of salmeterol, the [...] replacement of CFC-11 and CFC-12 with HFA propellant will require a more complex process since ethanol cannot be used in the new HFA formulation. multilateralfund.org |
检查员们发现各组织秘书处为落 [...] 实这一原则做出了两种努力：(a) 环境署通过适用环境署IE指导原则为减少联合 [...] 国各办事处使用氯氟碳(CFCs)和具有促使地球变暖效应的替代品， 如 氢氟烃 (HFC s)(上面提到的六种气体之一)所做的臭氧层工作；(b) [...]参加基础设施建设以 及为节省能源和生产新的可更新能源投资(如太阳能板)，如下面第 [...]71-75 段，特 别是第 72 段所述。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Inspectors found two types of effort made by the secretariats to implement this principle: (a) the [...] UNEP ozone component work to help reduce [...] the use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in [...]United Nations offices and alternatives [...]which have global warming effects, such as hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) daccess-ods.un.org |
我们熟悉的项目种类和方法包括：造林和再生林、农业、生物气体、生物量能源、水、床/矿甲烷、能源分布、能源效率 – 家庭、能源效率 – 工业、能源效率 – 本世代、能源效率 – 服务、能源效率 – 提供方、矿物燃料转换、逃逸性排放、地热 、 氢氟烃 ( H F Cs )、水能、堆填区沼气、一氧化二氮(N20)、全氟化碳(PFCs)、太阳能、汐能、能源输送和风能。 carbon350.co.uk | We have knowledge and experience of the following project types and their methodologies; Aforestation and reforestation, Agriculture, Biogas, Biomass energy, Cement, Coal Bed/Mine Methane, Energy distribution, Energy efficiency – Households, Energy efficiency – Industry, Energy efficiency – Own Generation, Energy efficiency – Service, Energy efficiency – Supply side, Fossil Fuel Switch, Fugitive, Geothermal, HFCs, Hydro power, Landfill gas, N20, PFCs, Solar power, Tidal power, Transport and Wind Power. carbon350.co.uk |
在与工发组织深入讨论该项目的其他基本要素时，秘书处表示，考虑到该行业的氟 氯化碳消费量，正在审议的只是一个实验室的替代工作，以及墨西哥的其他公司已可大量 供应使用氢氟烷烃和干 粉吸入器的计量吸入器等事实，项目编制工作可以用低于工发组织 所申请数额的费用完成。 multilateralfund.org | In further discussing other elements of the project with UNIDO, the Secretariat indicated that, considering the amount of CFC consumption in the sector, the fact that only one laboratory is being considered for replacement, and the fact that Mexico already has a large supply of MDIs using both HFA and DPIs from other companies, the project preparation could be done at a lower cost than that requested by UNIDO. multilateralfund.org |
秘书处 也曾建议，对非签署国来说，执行委员会可能会考虑提供资金用 于 氟氢烃 调 查，并编制加 快氟氯烃淘汰管理计划，但这些非签署国政府应承诺在今后 [...] 12 个月内批准必要的《修正 案》。 multilateralfund.org | The Secretariat had also proposed that, in the case of a non-signatory country, the Executive Committee might wish to [...] consider providing funding [...] to conduct an HCFC survey and to prepare an accelerated HCFC phase-out [...]management plan, as long [...]as it had the commitment of the government to ratify the necessary Amendment within the next 12 months. multilateralfund.org |
在 GSK 开发的数种氢氟烷烃-计量吸入器中，活性成分悬浮（而 不是溶解）在氢氟烷烃中， 这就需要有更复杂的设备（也即可单段灌装的设备）并使用特 殊的容器（从纯铝罐向镀聚四氟乙烯铝罐过渡，费用为 0.37 美元）、定量阀(0.15 美元) [...] 和 定量触动器（0.05 美元）。 multilateralfund.org | The active ingredient in [...] several of the HFA-MDIs that have been developed by GSK is in suspension (and not in solution) in HFA, which requires [...]more complex equipment [...](i.e., to allow for a single stage filling) and the use of specific cans (from plain aluminium to PTFE coated at a cost US $0.37), metering valve (US $0.15) and a metering actuator (US $0.05). multilateralfund.org |
秘书处代表表示，开发计划署代表哥伦比亚政府，提交了一份关于通过协助当地唯 一一家当地拥有的生产氟氯化碳计量吸入器生产企业在 2012 年之前将其生产线转型为使 用氢氟烷烃技术 ，在哥伦比亚淘汰计量吸入器生产中的各类氟氯化碳的项目提案。 multilateralfund.org | The representative of the Secretariat said that UNDP had submitted a project proposal on behalf of the Government of [...] Colombia for [...] phasing-out use CFCs in the manufacture of MDIs by assisting the sole locally owned enterprise producing CFC-MDIs to convert its production line to HFA technology [...]by 2012. multilateralfund.org |
该 项目提议使三个计量吸入器制造厂转 用 氢氟 烷 烃 技 术 ，申请同转型设备有关的一条新生产 [...] 线和一年的运转费用，由巴基斯坦的 GlaxoSmithKline（GSK）经营，并且申请额外设备以 便将 Zafa 经营的制药实验室（Zafa）和 Macter [...]International （Macter）的生产线改型。 multilateralfund.org | The project proposed the conversion of three MDI [...] manufacturing plants to HFA technology, a request [...]for a new production line and operating [...]costs for one year associated with the conversion of the facilities being operated by GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) in Pakistan, as well as a request for additional equipment to retrofit the production lines being operated by Zafa Pharmaceutical Laboratories (Zafa) and Macter International (Macter). multilateralfund.org |
该项目的目标是：用异丁烷替换 Laboratorio Pablo Cassará 用于生产沙丁胺醇氟氯化 量吸入器所使用的各类氟氯化碳；用 氢氟 烷 烃 技 术替换 Laboratorio Denver Farma 用于生产沙丁胺 醇和布地纳德氟氯化碳－计量吸入器所使用的各类氟氯化碳；向通过第三方装灌自己的计量吸入器 的四家地方实验室提供研制氢氟烷烃 计 量吸入器配方所需的技术支持；以及支持计量吸入器过渡战 略（传播信息、提高认识方案及临床专题讨论会和讲习班）。 multilateralfund.org | The objectives of the project are: replace the use of CFCs at Laboratorio [...] Pablo Cassará for [...] the production of salbutamol CFC-MDIs to isobutane; to replace the use of CFCs at Laboratorio Denver Farma for the production of salbutamol and budesonide CFC-MDIs to HFA technology; to provide technical support for development of HFA-MDI formulations for four locally-owned laboratories [...]filling their [...]own MDIs through third parties; and to support the MDI transition strategy (information dissemination, awareness programmes and clinical symposiums and workshops). multilateralfund.org |
秘书处代表在介绍 UNEP/OzL.Pro/ExCom/56/22 号文件时表示，世界银行代表阿根 [...] 廷政府，提交了一份通过将生产线转型为使用异丁烷 和 氢氟 烷 烃 技 术 在阿根廷计量吸入器 制造中淘汰氟氯化碳消费的项目提案。 multilateralfund.org | Pro/ExCom/56/22, the representative of the Secretariat said that, on behalf of the Government of Argentina, the World [...] Bank had submitted a project proposal [...] for the phase-out of CFC consumption in the [...]manufacturing of MDIs in Argentina through [...]the conversion of production lines to isobutane and hydrofluoroalkane (HFA) technology. multilateralfund.org |
具体而言，这些问题是：关于开发舒喘宁加异丙托 品 氢氟 烷 烃 计 量 吸 入器的请求是否符合条件，因为这种氟氯化碳计量吸入器从 2005 年才开始生产；为开发 异丙托品和环索奈德氢氟烷烃计量 吸入器请求的经费数额，因为这些产品的产量比较低， 而且直到 2004 年才有一家公司开始生产环索奈德；孟加拉国现有的技术能力，因为一家 企业已经开发了两种氢氟烷烃计量 吸入器，另两家企业则已经开发了干粉吸入器。 multilateralfund.org | These issues were, specifically: the eligibility of the request for the development of a salbutamol plus ipratropium HFA-MDI when this CFC-MDI was only manufactured from 2005; the level of funding requested for development of ipratropium and ciclesonide HFA-MDIs, taking into consideration the relatively low levels of production and the fact that production of ciclesonide commenced only in 2004 by one company; and the technical capacity available in the country, considering that one enterprise has already developed two HFA-MDIs and the other two enterprises had already developed DPIs. multilateralfund.org |
环境署支持与日本政府合作执行氢氯 氟烃 淘汰 管理计划；这一计划于 2011 年 4 月得到批准，将协助蒙古达到 2013 年、2015 年和 2020 年控制氢氯氟烃的目标。 daccess-ods.un.org | UNEP is supporting the [...] implementation of the hydrochlorofluorocarbons phase-out management plan in cooperation with the Government of Japan; the plan was approved in April of 2011 and will assist Mongolia in achieving compliance with the hydrochlorofluorocarbons control targets [...]set for 2013, 2015 and 2020. daccess-ods.un.org |
具体而言，这些问题是：Beximco 公司请 求追溯供资并请求增加设备，尽管该公司已经在生 产 氢氟 烷 烃 计 量 吸入器；请求为 Acme 和 Pharma 两家公司提供的所有新设备的供资资格，在这方面应考虑到这两家公司的生产 线比较新；增支费用数额。 multilateralfund.org | The issues were, specifically: the request for retroactive payment for Beximco, and the request for additional equipment when the company is already producing HFA-MDIs; the eligibility of all the new equipment being requested for Acme and Pharma, taking into consideration that their production lines are relatively new; and the level of operating costs. multilateralfund.org |
对其中部分替代品的选择以其平均全球升温 潜能值为基础，这类物质包括全球升温潜能值相对较低的氢氟碳化合物 和 氢氟 烯烃，可 通过制冷剂管理方法，在相对较长的时间内对其进行使用并予以回 收。 conf.montreal-protocol.org | Some had been selected on the basis of their average global-warming potential. Those included relatively low-GWP HFCs and HFOs, which could be used and recycled, for example through refrigerant management practices, over a relatively long period of time. conf.montreal-protocol.org |
拟议的逐步削减方式则可以应对这些挑战，因为它承认， 目前已经存在某些可行的、全球升温潜能值低的替代品， 如 氢氟 烯 烃 以 及 其它 氟化和非氟化物质等，这些替代品有助于提高能源效率。 conf.montreal-protocol.org | The proposed gradual phase-down would address those challenges, as it recognized that there were already some viable low global-warming-potential alternatives [...] available, such as [...] hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) and other fluorinated and non-fluorinated substances, [...]that could help to promote energy efficiency. conf.montreal-protocol.org |
讨论强调了移动空调部门内氢氟烯烃 的 易燃性及其效果不佳的相关问题。 conf.montreal-protocol.org | Issues relative to flammability and unsatisfactory performance of HFOs in the mobile air-conditioning sector were highlighted. conf.montreal-protocol.org |
国家臭氧机构也将进行定期视察，以监测规定 的氟 氢烃容器 标签使用情况，还定期审查氟氯烃客户执行氟氯烃销售管制情况。 multilateralfund.org | The NOU will also undertake regular inspections to monitor the use of required labelling in HCFC containers and regular reviews to HCFC customers to enforce the control on sale of HCFCs. multilateralfund.org |
国家臭氧机构将与相关当局密切合作，监测所 有 氟氢烃 的 消 费数据。 multilateralfund.org | The National Ozone Unit (NOU) in close cooperation with relevant authorities will [...] monitor the consumption data of all HCFCs. multilateralfund.org |
这份文件概述了第 5 条国家的氟氯烃产量、 清洁发展机制下的氢氟碳化物削减项目以及多边基金供资情况，意在补充说明附件一所载、 列明了各种氟氯烃/氢氟碳化物削减项目的表格，其中，这些项目或是已在清洁发展机制委 员会那里登记，或是正在接受清洁发展机制的审查。 multilateralfund.org | It is meant to supplement and explain the table showing HCFC/HFC-reduction projects that are currently registered with the CDM board or that are in the CDM pipeline, which is included as Annex I. multilateralfund.org |
国家臭氧机构将组织与业界利益攸关方 、 氟 氯 烃 和 氢氟 碳 化 物进口商、政府利益攸 关方（工业部、外交部）、各业界组织以及所有相关行业定期举行协商会议，以便制定必 [...] 要的协议和措施，及时和协调地开展投资和非投资活动。 multilateralfund.org | The National Ozone Unit (OPROZ) will organize [...] regular coordination meetings with [...] industry stakeholders, HCFC and HFC importers, Government [...]stakeholders (Ministries of Industry, [...]Foreign Affairs), various industry associations, and all sectors involved, in order to enact the necessary agreements and measures to carry out the investment and non-investment activities on time and in a coordinated manner. multilateralfund.org |
鉴于技术和成本相关问 题；相比企业终身使用 HCFC-141b，采用氢氟碳化物技术的相关运营费用较高；以及相 比 HCFC-141b，其替代物质的全球升温潜能值较高，从而对气候产生负面影响，秘书处 和工发组织对氟氯烃淘汰 管理计划第一阶段的替代方法做出了评价（见下文第 31 段的解 释）。 multilateralfund.org | Given the technical and cost related issues; the higher operating costs [...] associated with the [...] introduction of HFC-based technologies as compared to HCFC-141b throughout the life time of the enterprises; and the negative impact to the climate associated with the higher GWP of the alternative substances as compared to HCFC-141b, the Secretariat [...]and UNIDO assessed [...]an alternative approach for stage I of the HPMP (as explained in paragraph 31 below). multilateralfund.org |
洪都拉斯还向《蒙特利尔议定书》多边基金执行委员会提交了关于在洪都 拉斯淘汰氯氟烃的国 家方案，在此基础上，国家将为那些大量使用这种物质的行 业提供帮助，推进民用制冷设备使用 碳 氢 化 合 物等替代产品，加强法律建设，进 一步履行《蒙特利尔议定书》规定的国家义务。 daccess-ods.un.org | Honduras has presented to the Executive Committee of the Multilateral Fund of the Montreal Protocol a [...] national proposal for the [...] elimination of CFC in Honduras, whereby support will be given to the sectors with the highest consumption of CFC and the conversion of domestic refrigerating equipment will be encouraged, or else the use of substitute substances such as hydrocarbons, and the legal [...]framework and national [...]initiatives to comply with domestic obligations under the Montreal Protocol will be reinforced. daccess-ods.un.org |
秘书处还指出，根据一家替代发泡剂生产厂 家提供的数据，经过最优化的 [...] HBA-2（全球升温潜能值估计为 6 至 7 的一种重油燃料） 是液态氟氯烃、氢氟碳、 碳氢化合物及其他发泡剂的一种接近无须改造设备的替代物；它 [...]不易燃；全球升温潜能值低（在 7 以下）；与基准 [...]HFC-245fa 相比可以节能 1.5%至 2.0%；并且可以在 2012-2013 年进行商业利用。 multilateralfund.org | The Secretariat also noted that, according to data provided by one manufacturer of alternative blowing agents, optimized HBA-2 (an HFO with an estimated GWP [...] of 6 to 7) is a near drop-in [...] replacement for liquid HCFC, HFC, hydrocarbons and other [...]blowing agents; it is non-flammable; [...]it has a low GWP value (below 7); exhibits 1.5 to 2.0 per cent energy efficiency improvement compared to baseline HFC-245fa; and might be commercially available in 2012-2013. multilateralfund.org |
其它代表则认为，《维也纳公约》第 2 条允许各缔约方 协调其在管理逐步淘汰氟氯烃及采用 氢氟 碳 化 合物等替代品方面的政策，此 外，在《蒙特利尔议定书》下采取行动来逐步削减氢氟碳化合物的做法是合适 的，因为正是由于在《议定书》下开展了逐步淘汰氟氯烃的工作，才直接导致 了氢氟碳化合物的逐步引入。 conf.montreal-protocol.org | Other representatives, however, argued that article 2 of the Vienna [...] Convention allowed the parties to [...] coordinate their policies in managing the phase-out of HCFCs and the introduction of alternatives, including HFCs, and that action to phase down HFCs was clearly appropriate under the Montreal Protocol as the phasing in of those substances was the direct result of the HCFC phase-out implemented under the Protocol. conf.montreal-protocol.org |
应该注意的是，应将以下条款加入协定中：“如 果 氢氟 碳 化物技术被选中 为 氟 氯 烃 替 代 技 术，且考虑到该国卫生和安全方面的国情，国家同意：监测进一步减轻对气候影响的替代 [...] 品和替代技术的供应情况；考虑审查监管标准和奖励措施是否足以鼓励采用这种替代品； 以及考虑能否采用符合成本效益的替代品，以酌情尽量减轻执行氟氯烃淘汰管理计划的气 [...]候影响并通报执行委员会相关的进度。 multilateralfund.org | It should be noted that the following clause has been added to the Agreement : “The [...] Country agrees, in cases where HFC [...] technologies have been chosen as an alternative HCFC, and taking into account national [...] [...]circumstances related to health and safety: to monitor the availability of substitutes and alternatives that further minimize impacts on the climate; to consider, in the review of regulations standards and incentives adequate provisions that encourage introduction of such alternatives; and to consider the potential for adoption of cost-effective alternatives that minimize the climate impact in the implementation of the HPMP, as appropriate, and inform the Executive Committee on the progress accordingly. multilateralfund.org |
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