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External sources (not reviewed)

It is noted that the only two technologies proposed in the Foam Sector Plan are hydrocarbons (blended at the foam manufacturing enterprises, except for small enterprises where hydrocarbon-based pre-blended systems will be provided), and HFC for a limited number of enterprises.

[...] [...] continued increase in HFCs could become a major concern for the environment, the difficulties in mobilizing funds at the Twenty-Third Meeting of the Parties raised doubts as to how sufficient resources could be mobilized to fund the phase-down of HFCs.

Given the technical and cost related issues; the higher operating costs associated with the introduction of HFC-based technologies as compared to HCFC-141b throughout the life time of the enterprises; and the negative impact to the climate associated with the higher GWP of the alternative substances as compared to HCFC-141b, the Secretariat and UNIDO assessed an alternative approach for stage I of the HPMP (as explained in paragraph 31 below).

[...] [...] replacement for liquid HCFC, HFC, hydrocarbons and other blowing [...] [...]

This year, Micronesia and Mauritius proposed a two-part amendment to the Montreal Protocol to phase down the production and use of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs).

The active ingredient in several of the HFA-MDIs that have been developed by GSK is in suspension (and not in solution) in HFA, which requires more complex equipment (i.e., to allow for a single stage filling) and the use of specific cans (from plain aluminium to PTFE coated at a cost US $0.37), metering valve (US $0.15) and a metering actuator (US $0.05).

[...] production of hydrofluorocarbons.

The representative of the Secretariat said that UNDP had submitted a project proposal on behalf of the Government of Colombia for phasing-out use CFCs in the manufacture of MDIs by assisting the sole locally owned enterprise producing CFC-MDIs to convert its production line to HFA technology by 2012.

[...] iron, manganese, hydrogen sulphide, fluoride, and chloride.

[...] of control of HFCs had been underscored [...] [...]

The National Ozone Unit (OPROZ) will organize regular coordination meetings with industry stakeholders, HCFC and HFC importers, Government stakeholders (Ministries of Industry, Foreign Affairs), various industry associations, and all sectors involved, in order to enact the necessary agreements and measures to carry out the investment and non-investment activities on time and in a coordinated manner.

[...] [...] that emissions of HFCs were covered by [...] [...]

In further discussing other elements of the project with UNIDO, the Secretariat indicated that, considering the amount of CFC consumption in the sector, the fact that only one laboratory is being considered for replacement, and the fact that Mexico already has a large supply of MDIs using both HFA and DPIs from other companies, the project preparation could be done at a lower cost than that requested by UNIDO.

Other GHGs that may be released during chemical processing operations are hydrofluorocarbons (HFC), perfluorocarbons (PFC) and sulphur hexafluoride (SF6).

It should be noted that the following clause has been added to the Agreement : “The Country agrees, in cases where HFC technologies have been chosen as an alternative HCFC, and taking into account national circumstances related to health and safety: to monitor the availability of substitutes and alternatives that further minimize impacts on the climate; to consider, in the review of regulations standards and incentives adequate provisions that encourage introduction of such alternatives; and to consider the potential for adoption of cost-effective alternatives that minimize the climate impact in the implementation of the HPMP, as appropriate, and inform the Executive Committee on the progress accordingly.

[...] [...] transition to HFCs with relatively [...] [...]

[...] [...] chlorofluorocarbons and hydrochlorofluorocarbons.

[...] acid, sulfuric acid, hydrogen peroxide, fluorine, and hydrochloric acid (for example, EN1122-2001 “Plastic- Determination of cadmium – Wet decomposition method), (2) Pressure decomposition in sealed container using nitric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrogen peroxide, fluorine, and hydrochloric [...] [...]

[...] [...] consumption of hydrofluorocarbons.

[...] acid, sulfuric acid, hydrogen peroxide, fluorine, and hydrochloric [...] [...]

The NOU will also undertake regular inspections to monitor the use of required labelling in HCFC containers and regular reviews to HCFC customers to enforce the control on sale of HCFCs.

[...] [...] the national CFC phase-out plan [...] [...]