| 单词 | 毁林 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 | 毁林 noun —deforestation nSee also:毁—ruin • defame • destroy by fire • a blaze • slander 林 n—forest n • woods pl 林—surname Lin • circle(s) (i.e. specific group of people) • a collection (of similar things) 玥—pearl used in sacrifice
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此外，专家们强调了小岛屿发展中国家面临的 特殊挑战以及需要确保森林覆盖率高 且 毁林 率 较低的国家从降 低 毁林 和 森 林退 化产生的排放制度中得益。 daccess-ods.un.org | Furthermore, experts highlighted the particular challenges facing small island developing States and the need to [...] ensure that countries [...] with high forest cover with low rates of deforestation benefited from schemes to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation. daccess-ods.un.org |
(f) 促进分析毁林对不 同国家政策和国际政策的影响，尤其是考虑到森林政 策与出口、土地保有制和农业生产相关的政策之间的矛盾。 daccess-ods.un.org | (f) Promote analysis of [...] the impact of deforestation in different national [...]and international policies that considers, in [...]particular, the contradictions between forest policies and export, land tenure and agricultural production-related policies. daccess-ods.un.org |
委员会建议缔约国采取必要措施防止继 续 毁林 ， 以 便确保特别是土著人民和脆弱 群体有效享受经济、社会和文化权利。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Committee recommends that the State [...] party take the necessary measures to [...] combat continued deforestation in order to ensure [...]the effective enjoyment of economic, [...]social and cultural rights, especially by indigenous and vulnerable groups of people. daccess-ods.un.org |
相关的观测包括但不 限于温室气体、悬浮颗粒和空气质量参数的测量及其变化情况；植被和土地利 用，毁林情况 ，包括森林火灾、土地退化和荒漠化造成 的 毁林 情 况；森林生物 量的变化；生物多样性的丧失；冰川后退和波动；以及海平面高度测量、降 [...] 水、云和全球水循环的变化。 daccess-ods.un.org | Related observations included, but were not limited to, measurements of and changes in greenhouse gases, aerosols and air quality parameters; land [...] cover and land use, [...] deforestation, including from forest fires, land degradation and desertification; changes in forest biomass and [...]loss of biodiversity; [...]glacial retreat and surges; and sea surface altimetry, precipitation, clouds and global water circulation changes. daccess-ods.un.org |
会议恳请粮农组织继续支持成员国采取各种措施，检验和展示各种气候变化 [...] 减缓和适应活动在农业领域的有效性，如“减少发展中国 家 毁林 和 森 林退化所致排 放量联合国合作方案”。 fao.org | The Conference requested FAO to continue support for initiatives in member countries to test and demonstrate the feasibility of various climate change adaptation and mitigation activities in the agricultural sectors, such as the United Nations [...] Collaborative Programme on Reducing Emissions [...] from Deforestation and Forest Degradation [...]in Developing Countries (UN-REDD). fao.org |
同时，有必要基于不能“一刀切”的认识，确保灵活性和包容性，因为各国和国 家内的情况多种多样，而对于比如小岛屿发展中国家、森林覆盖率较低的国家和 森林覆盖率较高且毁林率较低的国家，则需要采取有针对性的做法。 daccess-ods.un.org | At the same time, there is a need to ensure flexibility and inclusiveness based on recognition of the fact that “one size does not fit all”; owing to diversity of national and subnational situations, a tailored approach may be necessary in the case, for example, of [...] small island developing [...] States, low forest cover countries and countries with high forest cover with [...]low rates of deforestation. daccess-ods.un.org |
不可持续的毁林行为不仅可能导致人口流 离和环境退化，而且也损害到土著文明及其文化和精 [...] 神遗产。 daccess-ods.un.org | Unsustainable deforestation may lead not only [...] to displacement of population and environmental degradation, but also to damage [...]to indigenous civilizations and their cultural and spiritual heritage. daccess-ods.un.org |
有人建议，论坛应向联合国气候变化框架公约秘书处 发出强有力的讯息，表示需要确保降 低 毁林 和 森林退化产生的排放制度充分考虑 到可持续森林管理的整体性。 daccess-ods.un.org | It was suggested that the Forum should send a strong message to the secretariat of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change on the need to [...] ensure that schemes for reducing [...] emissions from deforestation and forest degradation [...]take full account of the holistic nature [...]of sustainable forest management. daccess-ods.un.org |
世界遗产地和生物圈保护区被越来越多地用于气候变化研究、 [...] 监测、缓解、适应和能力建设，包括在减降排计划（REDD+）（减少发展中国 家 毁林 和森 林退化所致排放量加养护、森林的可持续管理以及增加森林碳储量的作用）背景下，非洲尤 [...]其受到关注。 unesdoc.unesco.org | World Heritage sites and biosphere reserves increasingly are used for climate change research, monitoring, mitigation, adaptation and capacitybuilding, including in the [...] context of REDD+ (Reducing emissions [...] from deforestation and forest degradation [...]in developing countries plus the role of [...]conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks) with special focus on Africa. unesdoc.unesco.org |
一些专家还说， 就技术因素以及发展为可持续森林管理创造收入的市场两者而言，降 低 毁林 和森 林退化产生的排放方面仍然存在很多不确定性。 daccess-ods.un.org | Some experts also stated that considerable uncertainties remained with regard to reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, in terms of both technical factors and the development of a market that would generate revenue for sustainable forest management. daccess-ods.un.org |
挪威支持确定有关推动按比例提高因 毁林 和森林退化所致核实减排量付款的办法和制度，特别是 [...] 在减少排放量联合国合作方案(REDD＋)之下。 daccess-ods.un.org | Norway supported the establishment of methods and institutions for facilitating the scaling [...] up of payments for verified emission [...] reductions from deforestation and forest [...]degradation, in particular under the REDD+ programme. daccess-ods.un.org |
专家们强调了国家和国家以下各级境况的多样性，包括例如小岛屿发展中国 家、森林覆盖率较低的国家、森林覆盖率较高或中等的国家、拥有大面积森林的 中小国家、森林覆盖率较高且毁林率 较 低的国家和中等收入国家所面临的特殊挑 战。 daccess-ods.un.org | Experts stressed the diversity of national and subnational situations, including, for example, the particular challenges facing small island developing States, low forest cover countries, countries with high or medium forest cover, small and medium-sized countries with large forests, countries with high forest cover with low rates of deforestation and middle-income countries. daccess-ods.un.org |
在许多非洲国家，将木材作为燃料已经被视 为毁 林和导 致森林退化的原因之一，特别是在那些有大 城市的国家 [...] (如乍得的恩贾梅纳) 尤为如此。 undpcc.org | Furthermore, fuel wood production has been identified as one of the [...] causes of forest degradation and deforestation in [...]many African nations, in particular [...]in regions surrounding large towns (e.g., N’Djamena in Chad). undpcc.org |
因此，联合国可持续发展大会应该讨 [...] 论若干问题，即：能源；可持续生产和消费；通过 预防毁林和土 地退化的方式减少温室气体排放；创 新绿色就业机会；以及在促进可持续发展过程中的 [...]性别平等。 daccess-ods.un.org | The United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development should therefore address a number of issues, namely, energy; sustainable production and [...] consumption; reduction of greenhouse gas emissions [...] by preventing deforestation and land degradation; [...]green jobs; and gender equality [...]in promoting sustainable development. daccess-ods.un.org |
越来越多地利用世界遗产地和生物圈保护区，来开展气候变化研究、监测、减缓、 [...] 适应和尤其以非洲为重点的能力建设，而且目前正在考虑如何取得减少发展中国 家 毁林 和森 林退化所致排放量联合国合作方案（REDD）基金的资金问题。 unesdoc.unesco.org | World Heritage sites and Biosphere Reserves are increasingly being used for climate change research, monitoring, mitigation, adaptation and capacity-building, with special focus on Africa, and options are being considered concerning [...] access to the UN-REDD Programme Fund (Reducing emissions from [...] deforestation and forest degradation [...]in developing countries). unesdoc.unesco.org |
毁林和森 林退化、气候变化及丧失生物多 样性的影响将造成严重、有时是破坏性的社会经济后果，特别是对低森林覆盖率 [...] 国家和小岛屿发展中国家而言。 daccess-ods.un.org | Impacts of deforestation and forest degradation, [...] climate change and the loss of biodiversity will have major — and, in some [...]cases, devastating — social and economic consequences, especially for low forest cover countries and small island developing States. daccess-ods.un.org |
其林业政策确保地 方需要得到满足，森林管理可持续，并且包括有关 防止毁林和不 加控制地使用木材燃料的措施。 daccess-ods.un.org | Its forestry policy ensured that local needs [...] were met and forest management was sustainable and included measures to prevent deforestation and deter [...]the uncontrolled use of fuel wood. daccess-ods.un.org |
例如，世界银 行设立了森林碳合作伙伴贷款机制，该机制将在 25 个试点的发展中国家测试奖 励付费办法，另外正在设立一个“森林投资方案”，目的是处理降 低 毁林 和 森 林 退化方面已确定的可持续森林管理供资缺口。 daccess-ods.un.org | For example, the World Bank has established the Forest Carbon Partnership Facility, which will test incentive payments in 25 pilot developing countries, and is also in the process of establishing a “forest investment programme”, aimed at addressing the identified gaps in sustainable forest management financing in the context of reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation. daccess-ods.un.org |
一些生物圈保护区正在尝试开展与“联 合国减少毁林和森 林退化造成的排放（UN-REDD）”和“REDD＋”有关的活 动，而且正在通过新兴的碳市场进行融资。 unesdoc.unesco.org | Several biosphere reserves are experimenting with activities linked to UN-REDD and REDD+ and financing via emerging carbon markets. unesdoc.unesco.org |
为了确定应纳入第三条第3 款之下核算系统的毁林面积，每个缔约方用以确 定森林面积的空间量测单位应与确定造林和再造林所使用的相同，但不得大于 [...] 1 公顷。 daccess-ods.un.org | For the purposes of [...] determining the area of deforestation to come into the [...]accounting system under Article 3, paragraph [...]3, each Party shall determine the forest area using the same spatial assessment unit as is used for the determination of afforestation and reforestation, but not larger than 1 hectare. daccess-ods.un.org |
(b) 在议程项目4 “关于发展中国家减少毁林和森 林退化所致排放量相关 活动、森林养护和可持续管理的作用以及提高森林碳储量的方法学指导意见”之 [...] 下，科技咨询机构请秘书处组织若干次技术专家会议，包括第三十五届会议之前 的一次专家会议。 daccess-ods.un.org | (b) Under agenda item 4, “Methodological guidance for [...] activities relating to reducing [...] emissions from deforestation and forest degradation [...]and the role of conservation, sustainable [...]management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countries”, the SBSTA has requested the secretariat to organize meetings of technical experts, including a meeting before its thirty-fifth session. daccess-ods.un.org |
已通过促进教科文组织世界遗产 [...] 地和生物圈保护区，一直推动关于减 少 毁林 和 森 林退化造成的排放（REDD）的国际讨论。 unesdoc.unesco.org | UNESCO World Heritage Sites and biosphere reserves have been [...] promoted to contribute to international discussions on Reduced Emissions [...] from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD). unesdoc.unesco.org |
两年以后，缔约国会议通过了《巴厘 行动计划》(第 1/CP.13 号决定)，缔约国在决定中商定，在加强国家和国际减缓 [...] 气候变化行动的过程中，审议降低发展中国家 因 毁林 和 森 林退化所产生的排放所 涉问题的政策方法和积极激励措施以及发展中国家补充降排方案的作用问题。 daccess-ods.un.org | Two years later, the Conference adopted the Bali Action Plan (decision 1/CP.13), in which the parties agreed, within the context of enhancing national and international action to mitigate climate change, to consider policy approaches and positive incentives on [...] issues related to reducing emissions [...] from deforestation and forest degradation [...]in developing countries, as well as the [...]role of REDD-plus in developing countries. daccess-ods.un.org |
这些挑战包括：对水和林木等自然资源不 断增长的需求；侵蚀、毁林及其 他形式流域退化的 后果；自然灾害不断发生；向外移民日趋增加；工 [...] 业、运输、旅游、采矿、农业造成的压力；以及全 球气候变化的后果。 daccess-ods.un.org | Those challenges included: the growing demand for natural resources [...] including water and wood; the [...] consequences of erosion, deforestation and other forms [...]of watershed degradation; the increasing [...]occurrence of natural disasters; increasing out-migration; the pressures of industry, transport, mining, agriculture; and the consequences of global climate change. daccess-ods.un.org |
气候变化造成的毁林和森 林退化以及林梢枯死，这些将 会影响到至关重要的环境服务功能的提供，如生物多样性养护、土壤保持、水质 和供水、洪水控制和气候调节等。 daccess-ods.un.org | Deforestation and forest degradation and the dieback of forests as a result of climate change will affect the provision of critical environmental services such as conservation of biodiversity, soil conservation, water quality and supply, flood control and climate regulation. daccess-ods.un.org |
根据《联合国气候变化公约》缔约国会议上的讨论和联合国系统范围广泛的使命和能力，在联合国 [...] 系统行政首长协调委员会框架下的协调活动首先将侧重于若干重大问题，即适应气候变化；技术转 让；能力培养；减少毁林和森林退化导致的排放量（REDD）；以及减灾/经费问题和横向领域：科 [...] 学、评估、监测和预警；支持全球、地区和各国的行动；提高公众认识；促进无碍气候的联合国。 unesdoc.unesco.org | In light of UNFCCC/COP deliberations and the broader mandates and capacities in the United Nations system, coordination efforts under the CEB framework will initially focus on several major issues, namely: adaptation; technology transfer; [...] capacity-building; reduction of emissions [...] from deforestation and forest degradation [...](REDD); and mitigation/finance, as well as [...]crosscutting areas: science, assessment, monitoring and early warning; supporting global, regional and national action; public awareness; and a climate neutral United Nations. unesdoc.unesco.org |
上周在名古屋举行 [...] 了补充降排方案伙伴关系部长级会议，以促进减少 毁林和森 林退化所致排放量，日本将继续支持发展 [...] 中国家，特别是小岛屿发展中国家和非洲国家，因 为它们易受气候变化的不利影响，并正在努力减少 排放。 daccess-ods.un.org | Having hosted in Nagoya, during the previous week, the Ministerial Meeting on the REDD-plus [...] Partnership to promote reduced emissions from [...] deforestation and forest degradation, [...]Japan would continue to support developing [...]countries, especially small island developing States and African countries, which were vulnerable to the negative impact of climate change and were seeking to reduce emissions. daccess-ods.un.org |
此外也有担心，《气候变化框架公约》倾向于侧重减少 发展中国家毁林和森 林退化所产生的排放量，以减缓对气候变化的影响，而非考 [...] 虑整体的全球森林危机(见 E/CN.18/2009/13/Add.3)。 daccess-ods.un.org | There is also concern that the Framework Convention tends to focus much of [...] its attention on reducing emissions [...] from deforestation and forest degradation [...]in developing countries as a contribution [...]to climate change mitigation, rather than considering the overall global forest crisis (see E/CN.18/2009/13/Add.3). daccess-ods.un.org |
应当把防 止毁林的机制投入运作，应当缔结关于气候变化的全 球协定，以便在 2012 年之后期间承继《京都议定书》， [...] 同时要考虑到在与气候有关的问题方面改进全球治 理，以防止少数群体阻遏谈判的进行。 daccess-ods.un.org | The mechanisms [...] for combating deforestation should be made [...]operational, and a global agreement on climate change to succeed [...]the Kyoto Protocol for the period after 2012 should be concluded, while consideration should be given to improving global governance in the area of climaterelated issues in order to prevent minorities from blocking the negotiations. daccess-ods.un.org |
为了充分利用这种兴趣，国际林业研究中心(林业中心)与伙伴关系其他 成员合作，在第 13 和第 14 次缔约方会议上，组织了“森林日”活动。5 两次活 动的主题是“拟定全球森林与气候变化议程”，并讨论了作为气候变化辩论核心 的一系列森林问题：森林在减轻和适应气候变化中的作用，包括减少发展中国家 毁林和森 林退化所产生的排放；有关监测和数据的挑战；森林和碳市场交易和机 会成本；治理，包括人权、执法、贫困和生计；财政奖励措施，如支付生态系统 服务费用。 daccess-ods.un.org | To capitalize on this interest, the Centre for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), in collaboration with other CPF members, organized a Forest Day during the thirteenth and fourteenth meetings of the Conference of the Parties.5 The theme of both events was “Shaping the global agenda for forests and climate change”, and a range of forest-related issues central to the climate change debate were discussed: the role of forests in climate change mitigation and adaptation, including reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries; challenges related to monitoring and data; transaction and opportunity costs in forest and carbon markets; governance, including rights, law enforcement, poverty and livelihoods; and financial incentives, such as payments for ecosystem services. daccess-ods.un.org |
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