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External sources (not reviewed)

Noma is the most brutal face of poverty and malnutrition in children and thus gives rise to some of the worst violations of the rights of the child.

It would thus not be far-fetched to describe children with noma as representing a group of neglected victims.

The annex contains the human rights principles and guidelines to improve the protection of children at risk or affected by malnutrition, specifically at risk of or affected by noma.

(c) The relationship between severe malnutrition and childhood diseases, taking children affected by noma as an example, and guidelines to improve the legal protection of malnourished children

(b) Government and private funding for the fight against noma in Africa should be increased and funding and WHO coordination for other regions urgently provided.

Across the board, the actors consulted during the drafting process agreed that more needs to be done in the fight against noma – starting with policies aimed at eliminating poverty and reducing malnutrition – and that States and relevant specialized agencies ought to assume responsibility.

The second part of this study will focus extensively on noma.

(c) Affected States must establish noma action plans and appoint a noma focal person.

The staff of those pharmacies were arrested for selling dangerous drugs listed in Part I of the First Schedule of the Dangerous Drugs Ordinance. However, most of the cough syrup was later found to be diluted dangerous drug stated in Part II of the First Schedule of that Ordinance, meaning that they are not subject to the control of any ordinance or regulation.

States should promote a resolution at the World Health Assembly to list noma as a neglected disease.

Therefore, in the context of preventing noma, tackling malnutrition of babies, as well as mothers, is imperative.

(c) The relationship between severe malnutrition and childhood diseases, taking children affected by noma as an example, and ways to improve the protection of malnourished children

Under Act No. XLVII of 1997 on the management and protection of health related data and relevant personal data, a reporting obligation is foreseen for cases of infectious diseases resulting from biological pathogens and toxins (Centers for Disease Control “Category A”, bioterrorism agents/diseases like anthrax, plague).

A human rights analysis of severe malnutrition and childhood diseases, including noma, helps us understand that the rights of children and other individuals – as opposed to privileges which can be given and taken – and obligations of States and international organizations under international law – as opposed to voluntary commitments – are centre stage.

It is thus the urgent and imperative human rights obligation of authorities to dispel the myths about noma and provide information to health workers and parents on how to identify and treat noma.

(a) whether there are any measures imposed by the Government on the supplier of gas in the manufacture, storage and transportation of gas intended for medical use to ensure that the incidents of supplying the wrong gas in labelled containers would not occur again, and if so, what the measures are and how the Government monitors their compliance

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In its resolution 16/27, the Human Rights Council welcomed the final study on discrimination in the context of the right to food and, taking into account recommendation 6/2 of the Committee, requested the Committee to undertake, as appropriate, comprehensive studies on (a) the urban poor and their enjoyment of the right to food, including strategies to improve their protection and best practices; (b) rural women and their enjoyment of the right to food, including patterns of discrimination, strategies and policies for their protection and best practices, with a special focus on female-headed households and temporary or seasonal workers; and (c) the relationship between severe malnutrition and childhood diseases, taking children affected by noma as an example, and ways to improve the protection of malnourished children.