| 单词 | 有药瘾者 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 | 有药瘾者 —addictSee also:瘾者 pl—addicts pl
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(vi) 针对于希望获得戒烟知识和实践技能、将为特殊人群提供强化戒烟支持作为其工作重心的卫生工作者 [...] 需要学习3 ——为将提供戒烟支持作为其工作一部分的医务工作者提供的所有内容，加上适用于伴心血管疾病 或合并其它疾病的患者、孕妇、接受精神卫生和 成 瘾 治 疗 服务的 患 者 （ 尤其 是 有 严 重 心理障 碍 者 ） 的戒 烟药 物； 吸烟对多种药物代谢的作用；在依赖评估和治疗计划上允许并记录的步骤，收集和整理以保证对患者进 行标准监督和服务有效性的戒烟服务数据；使用不止一种有效的行为支持方法；对患者进行不间断的支持； [...]尼古丁依赖的治疗。 globalsmokefreepartnership.org | (vi) Cessation support for health staff who want to gain a knowledge base in cessation and gain the practical skills to provide intensive cessation support to specific populations as their sole focusa – all of the content for health staff providing cessation support as part of their role, plus cessation medications in clients with cardiovascular disease and other co-existing medical conditions, [...] pregnant women, and users of [...] mental health and addiction treatment services (especially for those with complex psychological disorders) effects of smoking on the metabolism of various medications; [...]allowing and documenting steps [...]in dependence assessment and treatment planning and collecting and collating data on the cessation service provided to allow the standard monitoring of clients and service effectiveness; using more than one effective behavioural support method; ongoing support for clients; and treating nicotine dependence. globalsmokefreepartnership.org |
(v) 对于希望获得戒烟知识和实践技能，并将提供戒烟支持作为他们工作一部分的医务工 作 者 需 要学 习——烟草控制；尼古丁成瘾；戒烟指南；尼古丁依赖评估；可用、可获得、可负担、性价比高的戒 烟 药物 治 疗；设定一个戒烟日；行为支持；安排随访；识别尼古丁戒断症状；诱发吸烟的因素；烟草使用的奖赏行 为；相关的基本解剖学和生理学知识，尤其是大脑内涉及奖赏和依赖的区域，肺脏和心血管系统；证实自我 [...] 报告戒烟真实性的可行方法；治疗终点，特别是七天的时点戒烟率及持续戒烟率；保持戒烟状态，复杂病例 [...]的建议；对特殊人群的风险效益评估。 globalsmokefreepartnership.org | (v) Cessation support for health staff who want to gain a knowledge base in cessation and gain the practical skills to provide cessation support as part [...] of their rolea - [...] tobacco control; nicotine addiction; cessation guidelines; assessing nicotine dependence; available, accessible, affordable, cost-effective cessation pharmacotherapy; setting a quit [...]date; behavioural support; [...]arranging follow-up support; identifying symptoms of nicotine withdrawal; cues that trigger urges to smoke; tobacco use compensation behaviour; basic relevant anatomy and physiology, particularly the areas of the brain involved in reward and dependence, the lungs, and the cardiovascular system; available methods of verifying self-reported abstinence; treatment endpoints, in particular seven-day point prevalence and continuous abstinence; maintaining abstinence, seeking advice on complex cases; and risk-benefit assessment of specific population groups. globalsmokefreepartnership.org |
麻醉药物委员会第五十一和五十四届会议；每年主持两次欧洲毒品和 毒 瘾监 测 中心联络人国家会议，里斯本(2006-2011 年)；在匈牙利任欧盟轮值主席期间 以土耳其代表团团长身份参加欧盟土耳其对话会议，布鲁塞尔(2011 年)；蓬皮杜 小组：研究平台会议(2007 年)和部级会议(2006 年)，巴黎和斯特拉斯堡；近东 和中东非法贩运毒品及有关事 项小组委员会第四十一次会议(2006 年)；联合国毒 品和犯罪问题办公室关于在巴黎契约框架下使用伊朗边界的专家评估会议，伊朗 伊斯兰共和国(2005 年)；麻管局黄玉色行动和紫色行动联合会议，墨西哥(2005 年)。 daccess-ods.un.org | Fifty-first and fifty-fourth sessions of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs; chaired national European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction focal point meetings twice a year, Lisbon (2006-2011); European Union-Turkey dialogue meeting during the Hungarian presidency of the Union, as head of the Turkish delegation, Brussels (2011); Pompidou Group: Research Platform meeting (2007) and ministerial meeting (2006), Paris and Strasbourg; forty-first [...] meeting of the Subcommission on Illicit Drug Traffic and Related [...]Matters in the Near and Middle East, Amman (2006); United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime Expert Assessment Meeting on utilizing Iranian borders within the framework of the Paris Pact, Islamic Republic of Iran (2005); International Narcotics Control Board combined meetings on Operation Topaz and Operation Purple, Mexico City (2005). daccess-ods.un.org |
神病学研究所国家毒瘾问题中心客座教授(2009 年)；《柳叶刀》对其个人的介绍， 肯定了其关于毒瘾及与毒品有关的伤害问题的研究(2007 年)；《柳叶刀》编委会 顾问(2005 年)；科学分析学院，“社会科学一般研究”领域的“高引用率 作 者” (2003 年)；澳大利亚社会科学院研究员(2002 年)；澳大利亚社区卫生服务勋章 (2000 年)；世界卫生组织药物依 赖性问题专家委员会成员(1996 年)。 daccess-ods.un.org | National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Australia Fellowship (2009); Visiting Professor, National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London (2009); personal [...] profile in The Lancet [...] recognizing research on addiction and drug-related harm (2007); Editorial Consultant to The Lancet (2005); Institute for Scientific Analysis, “Highly Cited Author” in “social science general” (2003); Fellow, Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia (2002); Member of the Order of Australia for service to community health (2000); Member, World Health Organization, Expert Committee on Drug Dependence (1996). daccess-ods.un.org |
93 此外，联合材料1 还指出，确诊的吸毒成瘾者可能 会被迫接受强制性“治疗”，在 没 有 任 何 药 物辅 助的情况下戒毒，以便消除毒瘾。 daccess-ods.un.org | The treatment available was limited to short-term detoxification with no provisions for rehabilitation or support.93 [...] Furthermore, JS1 noted that [...] people diagnosed as drug-dependent may be forced into compulsory “treatment” consisting of detoxification unassisted by any sort of medication [...]to manage withdrawal. daccess-ods.un.org |
请提供在以下方面采取的措施及其影响方面的资料： (a) 防止，特别是防止儿童和青少年酗酒、吸烟 成 瘾 ， 使 用违 禁 药 物 和其 他有害物质；确保对药物使用者的适 当治疗和康复，包括替代性药物依赖疗法 daccess-ods.un.org | (a)To prevent abuse of alcohol and tobacco, and the use of illicit drugs and other harmful substances, in particular among children and adolescents, and to ensure adequate treatment and rehabilitation of drug users, including substitute drug dependence therapy daccess-ods.un.org |
出席了若干会议，包括毒品和吸毒上瘾研究所全国大会的“干预制止模型—— 对毒品使用的高质非刑罪化”(2009 [...] 年)、与欧洲和地中海警察部队和具军事地位 宪兵部队协会举办的首届犯罪和社会学研讨会闭幕式(2006 年)、“恐怖主义受害 者：安全部队的心理社会反应”(2006 年)，此外还有部长 理事会主席团制止毒品 委员会举办的关于吸毒上瘾问题 的研讨会(2001 年)；欧洲委员会蓬皮杜小组组织 的关于刑法系统中毒品使用者和违法者问题的研讨会的毒品和吸毒者问题小组 [...]主席(1998 年)。 daccess-ods.un.org | Participated in a number of meetings, including “Deterrence model of intervention — quality decriminalization of drug use” at the National Congress of the Institute on Drugs and Drug Addiction (2009), the closing ceremony of the first Criminal and Social Sciences Seminar with the Association of the European and Mediterranean Police Forces and [...] Gendarmeries with Military Status (FIEP) (2006), “Victims of terrorism: the [...] response psychosocial of the security forces” (2006), in addition to seminars on drug addiction by the commissions for the drug deterrence of the Presidency of the Council of [...]Ministers (2001); Chair of the panel on drugs and drug addicts at a seminar on drug users and offenders in the penal system, organized by the Pompidou Group of the Council of Europe, Strasbourg (1998). daccess-ods.un.org |
如果没有得到 協助，在监狱里受到强奸的受 害 者 存 在 高风险发展为慢性的，长期的病症， 如抑郁症，自杀倾向，酒精或药物成 瘾。 ncdsv.org | Without help, victims of rape in prison are at high risk for developing chronic, long-term problems, like depression, suicidal feelings, and alcohol or drug addictions. ncdsv.org |
曾应邀在拉丁美洲法证毒理学大会届会、若干次国际法医毒理学家协会南美 [...] 洲区域大会上，以及在首届医药、犯罪心理学、犯罪学、毒理学和刑事诉讼国际 大会(2011)和有关治疗和预防吸毒成瘾 与 药 物 滥 用的各类研讨会上发言。 daccess-ods.un.org | Participated as an invited speaker in sessions of the Latin American Forensic Toxicology Congress, regional South American congresses of the International Association of Forensic Toxicologists, other meetings such as the first International Congress of Medicine, Criminal Psychology, Criminology, Toxicology [...] and Criminal Proceedings (2011) and various seminars [...] on treatment and prevention of addictions and drug abuse prevention. daccess-ods.un.org |
此外，这种巨大压力下产生的身体问题正在增加对初级 保健提供者的需 求，而他们多次误诊和 用 药 不 当，包括开出令人 上 瘾 的 止 痛 药。 daccess-ods.un.org | Furthermore, physical problems arising from such intense stress were increasing demands on primary [...] health-care givers, who in [...] many cases were misdiagnosing and prescribing inappropriate medications, including addictive pain killers. daccess-ods.un.org |
塞舌尔于2001 年根据《误用药物法 律法规》成立了蒙特皇家康复中心。中 心是一个法定机构，其目标是为成 瘾者 提 供 治疗环境，从而促进他们的康复进 程，改善因使用或滥用化学物质而身心受损的人的身体、心理、社会和职业功 能，为已出院的病人提供后续治疗，并帮助他们重返社会。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Mont Royal Rehabilitation Centre was [...] established in 2001 under [...] the Misused of Drugs Act Regulations 2001 as a statutory body with the objective to, inter alia, provide a therapeutic environment to addicted persons so [...]as to facilitate and [...]encourage their process of recovery; improve the physical, psychological, social and vocational functioning of the individual, who has become impaired through the use or abuse of chemical substance; provide aftercare treatment for patients once they have been discharged from the Centre and to help them to re-integrate into the community. daccess-ods.un.org |
此外，发言者强调，预防药物滥用并 对 药 物 滥 用 者 进 行 治疗和康复的方案需要 建立在有科学依据并尊重个人人权和尊严的基础上。 daccess-ods.un.org | In addition, speakers underlined the need for [...] programmes for drug abuse prevention and the treatment and rehabilitation of drug abusers to be based on scientific [...]evidence and [...]respect for the human rights and dignity of individuals. daccess-ods.un.org |
毒品和犯罪问题办公室实 施的活动包括为进行法律和政策审查提供技术支持；调整立法；制定和实施政 策和战略，确保公平获得艾滋病毒预防、治疗和护理服务的渠道；以及支持减 少对毒品成瘾者，特 别是对艾滋病毒感染者的羞辱和歧视，以及改善获取艾滋 病毒预防、治疗和护理服务的渠道，办法是实施以人权为基础、男 女 有 别 和公 正的艾滋病政策和服务，注射吸毒者，包括监狱环境内的吸毒者在内，以及人 口贩运活动的易受害者，都可获得这些服务。 daccess-ods.un.org | The activities implemented by UNODC included technical support to conduct legal and policy reviews; the adaptation of legislation; the development and implementation of policies and strategies to ensure equitable access to HIV prevention, treatment and care services; and support to reduce stigma [...] and discrimination with respect to drug addicts, particularly those infected with HIV, and to improve access to HIV prevention, treatment and care services by implementing human-rights-based, gender-responsive and equitable AIDS policies and services that are accessible to persons who abuse drugs by injection, including in prison settings, and to people who are vulnerable to trafficking in humans. [...] daccess-ods.un.org |
同样，使用非法药物和吸毒成瘾应被 视为公共 健康问题，而不是罪行，贩毒者才是 真正的罪犯。 daccess-ods.un.org | Furthermore, illicit drug use and drug dependence should be considered health issues, not crimes, since the real criminals were the drug traffickers. daccess-ods.un.org |
其他国家也有立法提到对广 义臭氧消耗物质实施限制；这些常常涉及甲基溴的进口，而且可能要求特殊许可证（环 境部臭氧单位、农业部农药司或二者 发 放 ），甚至是官方监督。 multilateralfund.org | Other countries have legislation referring to restrictions imposed to ODS in a broader sense; these often make reference to imports of MB and may require specific permits (from the Ministry of the Environment Ozone Unit, the Ministry of Agriculture Pesticides Division or both) [...] and even official supervision. multilateralfund.org |
该问题还涉及青年人，美国十年级的学生中，据 报告有 6%的学生在 2009 年使用咳嗽药来“过瘾”。 daccess-ods.un.org | This problem also extends to youth, where 6 per cent of grade 10 students [...] in the United States reported using cough medicines to “get high” in 2009. daccess-ods.un.org |
此外，该办公室正在增订其技术援助规划文件，以确 保收集按性别分列的数据，尤其是关于滥 用 药 物 、 吸毒 成 瘾 、 人 口贩运和刑 事司法系统中的妇女等有关问 题的数据”。 daccess-ods.un.org | Furthermore, the Office is updating its technical assistance planning documents to ensure the collection of gender-disaggregated data, in particular on issues related to drug abuse, drug dependence, human trafficking and women in the criminal justice system. daccess-ods.un.org |
具体目标包括：（a）采取综合办法，提高穷人中的最贫 穷 者 的 生 活水平； （b）落实环境保护和教育方案；（c）提高对妇女境况的认识并帮助其融入所在 社区的发展，努力增强青年的能力；（d）就卫生、药物滥用 和 药 物 致 瘾 泛 滥 等问 题，对公众开展教育。 daccess-ods.un.org | The specific objectives are to: (a) improve the living standard of the poorest of the poor through an integrated approach; (b) [...] carry out programmes on environmental [...] protection and education; (c) raise awareness about the situation of women and help integrate them in the development of their communities, as well as to work towards youth empowerment; (d) educate the public on issues of health, drug abuse and addiction. daccess-ods.un.org |
每 一缔约方和武装冲突当事方应尽一切努力收 集 有 关 集束 弹 药 受 害 者 的 可 靠相关数 据。 daccess-ods.un.org | Each High Contracting Party and party to the armed conflict shall make every effort to collect [...] reliable data with respect to cluster munition victims. daccess-ods.un.org |
(d) 许多儿童使用药物、或其已上瘾的父 母给予他 们 药 物 、 希望他们保持 安静，有三分之一没有获得 保健服务的妇女使用麻醉药物来治疗自己及子女，结 果导致成瘾 daccess-ods.un.org | (d) A significant number of children use drugs or are given drugs by addicted parents who want them to keep quiet, and one third of women who do not have access to health services use narcotic drugs to treat themselves and their children, resulting in addiction daccess-ods.un.org |
一些患有慢性病的证人，例 如糖尿病或心脏病患者，药品遭以色列士兵没收，不能按需要服药。 daccess-ods.un.org | Some witnesses who suffer from chronic medical conditions, such as [...] diabetes or heart conditions, were [...] not provided access to their required medicines, which were taken by Israeli soldiers. daccess-ods.un.org |
该方案将 通过以下几个方面推动对吸毒者的治疗和护理：开 展 有 力 的倡导活动，打击对 吸毒成瘾者的歧视，宣传吸毒成瘾者 获 得 循证治疗的权利；进行能力建设，培 训和发展国家和区域的专业人员网络；为吸毒成瘾者发展低费用循证治疗服 务。 daccess-ods.un.org | The programme will promote treatment and care for drug abusers through strong advocacy action to fight discrimination against drug-dependent people and to promote those people’s rights to evidence-based treatment; capacity-building through training and development of national and regional networks of professionals; and development of low-cost evidence-based treatment services for drug-dependent persons. daccess-ods.un.org |
对于上瘾者，考虑采取消除歧视和基于公共卫生的措施，如开丁丙诺 啡处方。 daccess-ods.un.org | (f) With regard to addicted persons, consider decriminalization and public health-based measures such as prescription of buprenorphine. daccess-ods.un.org |
监狱保健服务部门应为女性药物滥用 者 提 供专门的治疗方案，或为此类方案 提供便利，其中应考虑到以往的受害情形、怀孕妇女以 及 有 子 女妇女的特殊需要 以及她们的不同文化背景。 daccess-ods.un.org | Prison health services shall [...] provide or facilitate specialized treatment programmes designed for women substance abusers, taking into account prior victimization, the special needs of pregnant women and [...]women with children, [...]as well as their diverse cultural backgrounds. daccess-ods.un.org |
最后，保健及教育部门、文化和宗教领袖在预防教 育领域开展的合作，则充分体现了以价值为导向的范例 [...] 和榜样力量是对可持续发展教育和保健政策的重要⽀ 持；社区保健中心的成⽴让传统知识和传统 医 药有 了用 武之地；志愿者在基层的努力也得到了认可和提升。 unesdoc.unesco.org | Finally, the relevance of value-driven examples and role models as important support for ESD and health policies was reflected in the cooperation between the health and education sectors and cultural and religious leaders in prevention education; the establishment of [...] community health centres also giving space to [...] traditional knowledge and medicine; the recognition and valorisation [...]of voluntary efforts at grassroots level. unesdoc.unesco.org |
美国最近的 一项研究发现，当非专利品进入市场时 ， 药 价 有 所 降低，至少需要五个非专利品竞 争 者， 药价才会降至最低点，46 而竞争者进入市场的数量和速度则视期望的利润而定。 iprcommission.org | A recent study in the [...] US found that prices fall when generic competition enters the market but at least five generic competitors are necessary to push prices down [...]to a minimum.46 The number of competitors entering the market, [...]and the speed with which they do so, will depend on the expected profits. iprcommission.org |
海洛因贩运市场 价值 650 亿美元，供应 1,500 万成瘾者，每年造成多达 100,000 人死亡，促使艾 滋病毒以前所未有的速 度蔓延，为犯罪集团、叛乱分子和恐怖分子提供了资 金。 daccess-ods.un.org | The heroin trafficking [...] market is worth $65 billion, catering to 15 million addicts, causing up to 100,000 deaths per year, contributing [...]to the spread of HIV [...]at an unprecedented rate and funding criminal groups, insurgents and terrorists. daccess-ods.un.org |
吁请各国推广减少需求措施，包括预防、治疗和康复等，同时充分尊重 吸毒成瘾者的尊 严，并采取进一步行动，提高关于包括合 成 药 物 在 内的非法药物 需求问题的数据收集和评价能力，并酌情提高关于滥用处方药物及处 方 药 物 成瘾 问题的数据收集和评价能力 daccess-ods.un.org | Calls upon States to expand demand reduction measures, including prevention, treatment and rehabilitation, while fully respecting the dignity of drug-addicted persons, and to take further action to improve data collection and evaluation capacity on the demand for illicit drugs, including the demand for synthetic drugs, and, where appropriate, abuse of and addiction to prescription drugs;14. daccess-ods.un.org |
(j) 应当促使从业人员、决策者和一般公众认识到：大脑功能的改变是强 迫性行为和毒瘾发作的根源，而强迫性行为和毒瘾发作又说明了为什 么 药 物依 赖是一种疾病；鄙视、忽视和偏见始终存在，它们对吸毒者、其家庭和社区造 成不利影响； (k) 对吸毒成瘾者的护 理应纳入主流保健服务 daccess-ods.un.org | (j) Practitioners, policymakers and the general public should be made aware of the changes in brain functions that were at the root of compulsive behaviour and [...] uncontrollable cravings, [...] which, in turn, explained why drug dependence was a health disorder, and of the fact that stigma, ignorance and prejudice persisted and had adverse consequences for drug users, their families [...]and the community daccess-ods.un.org |
上一年吸毒者的估 计数是全球毒品形势的一个便利但宽泛的指标，因为总 数包含从尝试吸毒到吸毒成瘾的所有 吸 毒 行为。 daccess-ods.un.org | Estimates of past-year drug use are a convenient albeit broad indicator of the global drug situation, as totals encompass the full range of user behaviour ranging from experimental use to drug dependence. daccess-ods.un.org |
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