| 单词 | 最惠国待遇 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 | 最惠国待遇 —most favored nationSee also:最惠国—most-favored nation (trade status) 待遇—treatment • status • rank 待遇 n—torture n • salary n • deal n 待遇 v—pay v
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国民待遇和最惠国待遇是多 边贸易体制 的的核心原则,与关于个人自由、不歧视、机会平等和尊重法治的人权问题有许 多共同之处。 daccess-ods.un.org | National treatment and most favoured nation treatment, the core principles of the multilateral trading system, had much [...] in common with human rights [...]issues concerning individual freedom, non-discrimination, equal opportunities and respect for the rule of law. daccess-ods.un.org |
这些条款包括第 7 条（最惠国待遇的法 律依据），第 8 条（最惠国待遇的来 源和范围），第 9 条（根据最惠国条款取得的权利的范围），第 10 条 （根据最惠国条款取得的权利），第 16 条（授予国 和第三国之间商定的限制的无关性），第 [...] 23 条（最 惠国条款对普遍优惠制的关系）和第 24 条（最惠国 条款对于发展中国家之间的安排的关系）。 daccess-ods.un.org | Those articles included article 7 [...] (Legal basis of most-favoured-nation treatment), article 8 (The source and scope of mostfavoured-nation [...]treatment), article 9 (Scope of rights under a most-favoured-nation clause), article [...]10 (Acquisition of rights under a most-favoured-nation clause), article 16 (Irrelevance of limitations agreed between the granting State and a third State), article 23 (The most-favoured-nation clause in relation to treatment under a generalized system of preferences) and article 24 (The most-favoured-nation clause in relation to arrangements between developing States). daccess-ods.un.org |
研究组还认 识到，与最惠国有关的投资裁决中的主要问题似是如何确 定 最惠国待遇 权 的范 围，也就是说，明确或隐含性地属于“条款主题事项范围”的是什么。 daccess-ods.un.org | It also recognized that the key question in [...] the investment decisions [...] concerning MFN seemed to be how the scope of the right to MFN treatment was [...]to be determined, that [...]is to say what expressly or impliedly fell “within the limits of the subject-matter of the clause”. daccess-ods.un.org |
在审查贸发会议文件时还提及了各种政策问题，例如“免费 [...] 搭车者”和身份问题、入境前和入境后条款以 及 最惠国待遇 标 准和其他投资保护 标准之间的关系。 daccess-ods.un.org | In reviewing the UNCTAD papers reference was also made to various policy questions such as the “Free rider” and identity issues, pre-entry [...] and post-entry clauses and the [...] relationship between the MFN treatment standard and [...]other standards of investment protection. daccess-ods.un.org |
世贸组织 成员正在谈判最惠国待遇豁免 问题，即允许对最不发达国家的服务给予优惠性市 场准入。 daccess-ods.un.org | WTO members are [...] negotiating a most-favourednation waiver allowing grant of preferential market access [...]for least developed countries’ services. daccess-ods.un.org |
研究组再次申明，需要进一步研究与服务贸易和投资协定有关的最惠国问 题，以及最惠国待遇、公正和公平待遇以及国民待遇标准之间的关系。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Study Group once more affirmed the need to study further the question of MFN in relation to trade in services and investment agreements, as well as the relationship between MFN, fair and equitable treatment, and national treatment standards. daccess-ods.un.org |
研 究组审议并评阅了根据 2009 [...] 年商定的框架而编写的各种文件，其中包括各 种最 惠国待遇规定和关于 1978 条款草案的文件、关税和贸易组织与世界贸易组织的 [...] 实践、经合组织和贸发会议关于最惠国条款的工作以及“马菲基尼”问题。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Study Group considered and reviewed the various papers prepared on the basis of the framework which had [...] been agreed upon in 2009, including a [...] catalogue of MFN provisions and papers on the 1978 [...]draft articles, the practice of GATT [...]and WTO, the work of OECD and UNCTAD on MFN, and the “Maffezini” issue, and set out a programme of work for next year (chap. XI). daccess-ods.un.org |
2002 年 2 月(到 2010 年已有 8 [...] 年)，世界贸易组织争端解决机构认可，第211 节违反国民待遇和最惠国待遇的义 务《关于与贸易有关的知识产权协议》和《巴 [...] 黎保护工业产权公约》，并要求美国政府根据《关于与贸易有关的知识产权协议》 [...] 所定的义务，整改这一不符合协议的措施。 daccess-ods.un.org | Appellate Body, in February 2002, [...] found that Section 211 violated [...] national treatment and most-favoured-nation obligations [...]under the Agreement on TradeRelated [...]Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) and the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property, and requested that the United States Government should bring its measures into conformity with its obligations under the TRIPS Agreement. daccess-ods.un.org |
工作文件还考察了在投资法庭的裁决中起到一定作用的考虑因素，并详细 讨论了最惠国待遇权的来源及其范围。 daccess-ods.un.org | It also looked into the considerations that had [...] played a part in investment tribunal decisions, dwelling on the [...] source of the right to MFN treatment, as well as [...]its scope. daccess-ods.un.org |
为了完成与投资法领域有关的 最惠国待遇 条 款 方面的工作 ， 最惠国待遇研 究 组计划审议在贸易和投资法领域以外使 用 最惠国待遇 条 款 的情况是否能对其工 作提供任何指导。 daccess-ods.un.org | In order to complete [...] its work on the Most-Favoured-Nation clause in relation to the field of investment law, the Study Group on The Most-Favoured-Nation clause plans to consider whether any use of Most-Favoured-Nation clauses [...]in areas outside those [...]of trade and investment law could provide it with guidance for its work. daccess-ods.un.org |
因此，委员会很愿意得到在贸易和投资法领域以外使 用 最惠国 待遇条款 的最近实践或案例法实例资料。 daccess-ods.un.org | Accordingly, the Commission would appreciate being provided with [...] examples of any recent practice or case [...] law in relation to Most-Favoured-Nation clauses [...]in fields other than trade and investment law. daccess-ods.un.org |
研究组考虑到最近的其他动态，包括所发布的贸发会议《国际投资协定问题丛书 第二辑》续篇“最惠国待遇”，672 该书除其他外介绍了在马菲基尼案后签订投 资协定的各国的反应，表明了明确指出最惠国条款适用或不适用于争端解决程序 [...] 的趋势。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Study Group took into account other recent developments, including the issuance of the sequel to the UNCTAD Series on Issues in [...] International [...] Investment Agreements II, Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment672 reflecting, inter alia, the reaction by States entering into [...]investment agreements [...]following Maffezini, showing a tendency to state expressly that the MFN clause applied or did not apply to dispute settlement procedures. daccess-ods.un.org |
在此方面，一些代表团期待采取一种办法，以澄 清 最惠国待遇 条 款的范围及评价 委员会 1978 年通过的条款草案在多大程度依然适用。 daccess-ods.un.org | In this connection, some delegations looked forward [...] to an approach that would seek to [...] clarify the scope of most-favoured-nation clauses [...]and to evaluate the extent to which [...]the 1978 draft articles adopted by the Commission remained applicable. daccess-ods.un.org |
因此，审议这一专题时的一个关键问题是不要忽 视 最惠国待遇条 款的广泛适用及其对发展的影响。 daccess-ods.un.org | It was therefore crucial that in the consideration [...] of the topic sight not be lost of the broad [...] application of the mostfavoured-nation clause and [...]its effect on development. daccess-ods.un.org |
目前，世界范围内约有 300 项区域贸易 协定正在实施，包括双边自由贸易协定。世界贸易的很大一部分是在 优惠的基础上、而不是在最惠国待遇 的 基 础上进行的。 daccess-ods.un.org | Currently, some 300 RTAs, including bilateral free trade agreements (FTAs), are in force worldwide, [...] and a significant part of world trade is [...] conducted on a preferential basis rather than on a most-favoured-nation basis. daccess-ods.un.org |
关于 《服务贸易总协定》（AGCS），它没有关于文化或文化产品的专门条款，但是文化服务还 [...] 是从某些规定中得到了好处，这些规定有助于维持有背于各方在给 予 最惠国待遇 方 面 所做基 本承诺的国家措施，或在那些尚未在自由化方面作出任何特定承诺的部门，有助于维持与国 [...] 家待遇不相容的、或限制进入国内市场的措施。 unesdoc.unesco.org | The General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) contains no specific clause concerning culture or cultural products, even though cultural services benefit from certain provisions which allow the maintenance of national measures that would otherwise be [...] incompatible with the basic commitment of the [...] parties to grant most favoured nation treatment, [...]or enable the maintenance in sectors [...]where no specific commitment to liberalization has been made of measures incompatible with national treatment or which restrict access to domestic markets. unesdoc.unesco.org |
通过实行最惠国待遇，发 展中国家、尤其 是最不发达国家的产品进入发达国家市场提供免关税和免配额准入方面取得了 [...] 进展，但是发展中国家在市场准入方面仍然持续面临重大壁垒。 daccess-ods.un.org | And even though there has been some progress [...] in providing developing countries, especially the least developed countries, with [...]greater duty- and quota-free access to developed-country markets for their products through the application of most-favoured-nation treatment, important barriers to market access persist for developing countries. daccess-ods.un.org |
研究组申明，普遍认为最惠国待遇权 的 来源是基本条约，而非第三方条 约；671 最惠国条款并不是条约解释中当事人规则的一个例外情形。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Study Group affirmed the general understanding that [...] the source of the right to MFN treatment was [...]the basic treaty and not the third-party [...]treaty;671 MFN clauses were not an exception to the privity rule in treaty interpretation. daccess-ods.un.org |
通过实行最惠国待遇，为 发展中国家尤其是最不发达国家的产品进入发达国 家市场提供了免关税和免配额准入，这方面已经取得进展。 daccess-ods.un.org | There has been progress in providing developing countries, especially the least developed countries, with greater duty- and quota-free access to developed-country markets for their products through the application of the most-favoured-nation treatment. daccess-ods.un.org |
区域贸易协定经常对进口敏感的产品保留高关税，这些产品，包括乳制品、糖、 谷类和服装，在最惠国待遇的基础上得到高度保护。 daccess-ods.un.org | Regional trade agreements often preserve high tariffs on import-sensitive products that attracted high [...] protection on a most-favoured-nation basis, [...]including dairy, sugar, cereals and apparel. daccess-ods.un.org |
最近的区域贸 易协定已纳入一个自动扩大更深入自由化的机制，将区域贸易协定某一方根据未 [...] 来区域贸易协定向另一方作出的自由化承诺，例如亚洲、加勒比和太平洋国家同 欧盟之间根据经济伙伴关系协定制定的“第三 方 最惠国待遇 ” 条款扩大适用范围。 daccess-ods.un.org | Recent regional trade agreements have incorporated a mechanism to automatically extend deeper liberalization that may be undertaken by a regional trade agreement party under future regional trade agreements to the other party, such as “third-party most-favoured-nation” clauses under economic partnership agreements between African, Caribbean and Pacific States and the European Union, which could have a chilling effect on South-South regional trade [...] agreements, and similar provisions applied to selected agricultural [...] products under regional trade agreements of the United States. daccess-ods.un.org |
有些有争议的技术问题涉及发展政策手段，包括新生工业、出口税和第三 方 最惠 国待遇，这会影响南南贸易。 daccess-ods.un.org | Some technical issues were contentious relating to developmental policy [...] instruments, including infant industry, export [...] taxes and thirdparty most favoured nation, which [...]can impact South-South trade. daccess-ods.un.org |
关于实行最惠国待遇和国 民待 遇义务的政府采购规定是超越世贸组织的。 daccess-ods.un.org | Provisions on government [...] procurement where MFN and national treatment [...]obligations are extended are WTO-plus. daccess-ods.un.org |
法庭对最惠国待遇条款 的解释严重依赖一些存疑条款的具体措辞，因此对 这类条款的解释是否将最终成为编纂的主题存有一 [...] 定的疑问。 daccess-ods.un.org | The interpretation of most favoured-nation clauses [...] by tribunals had been heavily dependent on the particular wording of [...]the clause in question, and there was some doubt whether the interpretation of such clauses would ultimately be a suitable subject for codification. daccess-ods.un.org |
中国向撒哈拉以南非洲 31 个最不发达国家 95%税目 [...] (例如，可可豆，皮革，铜)提供的优惠幅度平均为 10.4%，而最不发达国家 90% 的进口(如石油)已通过最惠国待遇免 税进入中国市场。 daccess-ods.un.org | China offers 31 sub-Saharan least developed countries an average 10.4 per cent preference margin on 95 per cent of tariff lines (e.g. cocoa beans, leather, copper), while 90 per cent [...] of the least developed countries’ imports (e.g. oil) [...] already enter China duty-free through most-favoured-nation status. daccess-ods.un.org |
涉及最不发达国家的各项问题，包括：免税和免除配额的市场准入、相 关的原产地规则，最惠国待遇豁免，以支付可能的优惠服务和棉花，将是 2011 年 12 月第八届部长级会议所针对，希望早日解决的问题。 daccess-ods.un.org | Issues involving the least developed countries — duty-free and quota-free market [...] access, associated [...] rules of origin, a most-favoured-nation waiver to cover possible preferential services market [...]access and cotton [...]— would be targeted for early harvest by the Eighth WTO Ministerial Conference in December 2011. daccess-ods.un.org |
(e) 早日收获：最不发达国家集团认为，为了争取12 月份第八次部长级会 议早日取得收获，应当为最不发达国家商定一揽子方案，其中涵盖：全面实施免 [...] 关税免配额的市场准入、相关的原产地规则、豁免最不发达国家对服务产品适用 最惠国待遇的义务以及在棉花方面“前进一步”等。 daccess-ods.un.org | (e) Early harvest: The LDCs Group feels that the LDC package covering full implementation of DFQF market access, [...] associated rules of origin, an MFN service [...] waiver for LDCs, and “a step forward” on cotton [...]should be agreed for an early harvest [...]by the Eighth Ministerial Conference in December. daccess-ods.un.org |
与贸易有关的知识产权协议》中与知识产权枯竭有关的条款作用在于，每位成员 国能够为这种枯竭自由建立制度，当然要遵从有 关 最惠国待遇 和 国 家待遇第 3 和第 4 条款。 iprcommission.org | More recently in 2001, the US Secretary for Health and Human Services (HHS), publicly envisaged the possibility of procuring generic equivalents prior to his negotiations with Bayer (the patentee) on the purchase of the drug Cipro to deal with the consequences of anthrax attacks [...] although, in the end, agreement [...] was reached with Bayer.69 Developing countries have not used the system for a number [...]of reasons. iprcommission.org |
这种非传统合作伙伴 [...] 之间的优惠贸易网络的扩展意味着，主要贸易国及其由世贸组 织 最惠国待遇 原则 为基础的纪律措施所管辖的贸易关系，正日益由优惠贸易关系相连接。 daccess-ods.un.org | Such expansion of preferential trade networks among untraditional partners implies that major trading nations, the trade relations among [...] which were governed by WTO [...] disciplines based on the most favoured nation principle, [...]are increasingly connected by preferential trade ties. daccess-ods.un.org |
一些代表团继续对最惠国待遇条款 的解释最终是否适合编纂的法律领域表 示怀疑，特别指出法庭对此类条款的解释在很大程度上依赖有关条款的特定措 词。 daccess-ods.un.org | Some delegations continued to express [...] doubts as to whether the interpretation of most-favoured-nation clauses was ultimately an area of [...]law that was suitable [...]for codification, noting in particular that the interpretation of such clauses by tribunals had been heavily dependent on the particular wording of the clause in question. daccess-ods.un.org |
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