| 单词 | 暴力犯罪 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 | 暴力犯罪—violent crimeSee also:暴力—violence 暴力adj—violentadj 暴力n—forcen discriminationn 犯罪n—crimen crimespl terrorismn offenceBEn criminalityn
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暴力犯罪是针对人的生命和健康实施的， 可根据刑事诉讼予以惩罚的，因此造成受伤害的人死亡，健康严重受损或健康紊 [...] 乱持续起码六个月的行为。 daccess-ods.un.org | Acrime of violence is an act committed against the life [...] or health of a person which is punishable under the criminal procedure [...]and as a result of which the injured person dies, sustains serious damage to his or her health, or sustains a health disorder lasting for at least six months. daccess-ods.un.org |
报告认为，虽然在国家对有害习俗和对妇女暴力犯罪的反 应方面有些改善，但警 察和司法机关时常不能公正执法，不愿或不能执行保护妇女的法律。 daccess-ods.un.org | The report found that although there had been some improvement [...] in the State’s response to harmful [...] practices and crimes of violenceagainstwomen, [...]the police and the judiciary often fail [...]to impartially enforce the law and are unwilling or unable to implement laws that protect women’s rights. daccess-ods.un.org |
有效的监测和报告机制，及时收集关于基于性别暴力的准确 数据，对于确定潜在的武装冲突局势和提供暴力犯罪者资料都极为重要。 un.org | Effective monitoring and reporting mechanisms to gather timely and accurate data on gender-based violence are essential both [...] in terms of identifying potential situations of armed conflict and providing [...] information on the perpetrators of violence. un.org |
正在着力打击对性 暴力罪行有罪不罚的现象，军事法院已对一些性暴力犯罪的士兵和军官定罪。 daccess-ods.un.org | Impunity for crimes of sexual violence was being fought, and military courts had convictedanumber of soldiers and [...] officers found guilty of sexualviolence. daccess-ods.un.org |
在这方面，非洲联盟-联合国达尔富尔混合行动 (达尔富尔混合行动)特别与民间社会和妇女开展了 合作，以确保《多哈达尔富尔和平文件》中包含以下 [...] 规定：苏丹政府必须采取必要步骤，对包括性暴力在 内的严重侵犯人权行为有效、及时地绳之以法，并防 止对性暴力犯罪案件实行大赦。 daccess-ods.un.org | In that regard, the African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID) has worked with civil society and women in particular to ensure that the Doha Document for Peace in Darfur included provisions for the Government of the Sudan to take the steps necessary to deliver effective and timely justice for [...] serious human rights violations, including sexual violence, and to prevent [...] amnesty in casesofcrimes of sexual violence. daccess-ods.un.org |
秘书长的报告第 12 段指出，安全理事会第 1888(2009)号决议还要求 [...] 设立一个处理冲突中性暴力问题的法律专家组，可以将之迅速部署到局 势特别令人关切的地区，以协助国家当局加强法治，消除与冲突有关的性暴力犯罪行为不受惩罚的现象。 daccess-ods.un.org | In paragraph 12 of his report, the Secretary-General indicates that in its resolution 1888 (2009), the Security Council also requests the constitution of a team of legal experts on sexual violence in conflict that can be deployed rapidly to situations of particular concern to [...] assist national authorities in strengthening the rule of law and [...] addressing impunityforconflict-related sexualviolence. daccess-ods.un.org |
重申迫切需要应对阿富汗境内的各种挑战，尤其是要处理塔利班、基地组织、 非法武装团体和从事毒品贸易的人特别是在南部和东部地区更加猖獗的 暴力犯 罪活动 和恐怖活动，组建包括地方一级的阿富汗政府机构，加强法治和民主进程， 打击腐败，加快司法部门的改革，在不妨碍执行安全理事会 1999 年 10 月 15 日 第 1267(1999)号决议和其他相关决议规定的措施的情况下促进民族和解，促进阿 富汗人主导下的过渡时期司法进程，实现阿富汗难民和境内流离失所者安全有序 和有尊严地自愿返回，促进和保护人权以及推动经济和社会发展 daccess-ods.un.org | Reiterating the urgent need to tackle the challenges in Afghanistan, in particular the increased violent criminal and terrorist activities by the Taliban, Al-Qaida, illegal armed groups and those involved in the narcotics trade, in particular in the south and east, the development of Afghan Government institutions, including at the subnational level, the strengthening of the rule of law and democratic processes, the fight against corruption, the acceleration of justice sector reform, the promotion of national reconciliation, without prejudice to the fulfilment of the measures introduced by the Security Council in resolution 1267 (1999) of 15 October 1999 and other relevant resolutions, an Afghan-led transitional justice process, the safe and voluntary return of Afghan refugees and internally displaced persons in an orderly and dignified manner, the promotion and protection of human rights and the advancement of economic and social development daccess-ods.un.org |
联刚稳定团将继续把大部分部队部署在刚果民主共和国东部地区并在 [...] 刚果民主共和国各地设立临时行动基地和连行动基地；通过更多安全部门发展举 措和方案，支持政府保护平民的工作；支持政府实施打击性暴力和性别暴力国家 [...] 战略，支持政府努力加强对有罪不罚现象的打击和把性暴力犯罪者绳之以法；按 照安全理事会第 1960(2010)号决议的要求，继续监测、分析和报告与冲突有关的 [...]性暴力。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Mission will continue to deploy most of its force in the eastern part of the country and operate temporary operating bases and company operating bases nationwide; support the Government in its efforts to protect the population through increased security sector development initiatives and programmes; support the Government in the implementation of the national strategy on combating sexual and gender-based violence, and in efforts to [...] intensify the fight against impunity and [...] bring perpetrators ofsexual violencetojustice; and [...]continue to monitor, analyse and [...]report on conflict-related sexual violence, as requested by the Security Council in its resolution 1960 (2010). daccess-ods.un.org |
13 回这样的接触，例如家庭暴力和性暴力、 犯罪与安全、与欧洲联盟的经济合作协定、食品和燃料危机和对海地的救济等问 题。 daccess-ods.un.org | During the reporting period, 13 such engagements had been [...] held on diverse issues such as [...] domestic and sexual violence, crime and security, the [...]Economic Partnership Agreement with [...]the European Union, the food and fuel crises and relief for Haiti. daccess-ods.un.org |
委员会强调，这一规定不受任何限制地适用于所有影响 [...] 到儿童的相关司法诉讼，包括与父母分离、监护、照料和收养、触犯法律的儿 童、遭受人身或心理暴力、性凌辱或其他暴力犯罪之害 的儿童、卫生保健、社会 保障、寻求庇护和难民地位的儿童，以及受武装冲突和其他紧急情况之害的儿 童。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Committee emphasizes that this provision applies to all relevant judicial proceedings affecting the child, without limitation, including, for example, separation of parents, custody, care and adoption, children in conflict with the law, child [...] victims of physical or [...] psychological violence, sexual abuseor other crimes, health care, social [...]security, unaccompanied [...]children, asylum-seeking and refugee children, and victims of armed conflict and other emergencies. daccess-ods.un.org |
在2009年，一部新的“反性暴力、剥削和贩卖人口法”获得通过，加重了针对儿童暴力犯罪的刑罚，如果犯罪者是受害者的亲属，则需要对其监禁和罚款。 unicef.org | In 2009, a new law called The Law [...] Against SexualViolence,Exploitation and Human Trafficking was passed which increased sentences for violent crimes against children [...]and where imprisonment [...]and fines were put into place if the perpetrator was a relative. unicef.org |
人们不 仅关注发展中国家境内贫穷和被剥夺公民权的妇女 的困境，而且还关注较发达国家境内未完成的两性平 [...] 等议程，例如处理妇女在高薪工作与管理职务中的代 表性问题和降低基于性别的暴力犯罪率。daccess-ods.un.org | Attention has gone not only to the plight of poor and disenfranchised women in developing countries, but also to the unfinished gender agenda in more developed countries, such as addressing [...] women’s representation in higher-paying jobs and management positions and reducing the [...] prevalence of gender-based violence. daccess-ods.un.org |
现在可以提出一种要求较低的类别(与模式 2 [...] 的“暴力罪行”办法同级，或 许更低)，在这类别中，要求存在 暴力犯罪或危险，或两者之一(按等级列为模式 3)。 daccess-ods.un.org | A less demanding category (ranking with, or arguably even below, the “violent crime” approach of [...] model 2) may now be introduced, in terms [...] of whicha violent crime or danger is required [...]— either will do (this will be ranked as model 3). daccess-ods.un.org |
联合国应该加强收集有关性暴力犯罪信息的 能力并为受害者提供帮助。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Organization must strengthen [...] itscapacity togather information about cases ofsexualviolence and meet the [...]needs of victims. daccess-ods.un.org |
足球促进和平”倡议是开发署在联合国妇女发展基金、 [...] 联合国教育、科学及文化组织、国际移民组织和联合国人口基金的合作下开展的， 目的是在海地全国社区里提高对预防家庭 暴力、 犯罪和性别暴力所作努力的了 解。 daccess-ods.un.org | The “football for peace” initiative is part of a UNDP partnership with the United Nations Development Fund for Women, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, the International Organization for Migration (IOM) and the United Nations Population Fund aimed at [...] raising awareness in communities throughout Haiti about efforts to prevent [...] domesticviolence,crime andgender-based violence. daccess-ods.un.org |
补偿金额根据暴力犯罪所造成的下述重大损害确定：因无法工作而造成的 损害，受害者的医疗费用，因受害者死亡所造成的重大损害，给眼镜、假牙、隐 [...] 形眼镜及其他替代身体官能的器具造成的损害，给衣服造成的损害，以及受害者 的丧葬费用。 daccess-ods.un.org | The amount of compensation is determined on the basis of [...] the followingmaterial damagecaused bya crimeofviolence: damage [...]arising from incapacity [...]for work, expenses for the medical treatment of the victim, material damage arising from the death of the victim, damage caused to spectacles, dentures, contact lenses and other appliances substituting for bodily functions and to clothes, and the victim’s funeral expenses. daccess-ods.un.org |
法治与杀人犯罪率之间的关系并不一定是一种直接的关系： 尽管高效公平法治制度能够大量制止犯罪活动的发生，但国家执行法治的能力 [...] 能够在包括社会和经济发展等一些领域产生广泛的影响，而这些影响又能影响到暴力犯罪和杀人犯罪的比率。 daccess-ods.un.org | The relationship between the rule of law and homicide levels is not necessarily of a direct nature: while an effective and fair rule of law regime can heavily deter criminal activities, the capacity of States to enforce the rule of law can have a wide-ranging impact on a number [...] of domains, including social and economic development, and they, in turn, [...] can influenceviolent crime andhomicide rates. daccess-ods.un.org |
他拒绝将他的 刑事犯罪记录说成是严重持续的 暴力犯罪历史，因为那是对他的纪录，尤其是过 [...] 去十年状况的歪曲。 daccess-ods.un.org | He rejects the characterization of his [...] criminal record as a significant and [...] sustained historyof violent crime,which misrepresents [...]his record, and in particular [...]the position over the past ten years. daccess-ods.un.org |
尤其重要的是，最近在 2005 [...] 年通过了对《刑法典》的修正案(所谓《反强 奸法》，提出对轮奸的更严厉惩罚和规定)；《2008 年性犯罪法》设立了蒙特塞拉 [...] 特州刑事法院“E”法庭，并规定在每个州设立巡回法院性犯罪问题司，赋予各 巡回法院对性犯罪的专属管辖权；并设立性暴力和基于性别的暴力犯罪问题股。 daccess-ods.un.org | Particularly important are the recent adoption of the 2005 amendments to the penal code (the socalled rape law, which introduced more severe sanctions and provisions on gang rape); the 2008 Sexual Offences Act, which established Criminal Court E in Montserrado County and provided for the establishment of sexual offences divisions of the circuit court in each county, granting exclusive [...] jurisdiction to circuit courts over sexual offences; and the establishment of the Sexual [...] and Gender-Based Violence Crimes Unit. daccess-ods.un.org |
性别成 见施加给男人很多压力，他们要 “吃苦耐 [...] 劳”，要“养家糊口”，因此他们的工作环境 往往比较恶劣，潜在着工伤、暴力、 犯罪和监禁（服军役、从事治安和消防工作）。 unesdoc.unesco.org | Such stereotypes put pressure on them to be ‘tough’ and to be the ‘breadwinner’; resulting in conditions of [...] labor that are often harsh and that may [...] involveinjury,violence,crime, and imprisonment [...](military service, policing, firefighting, etc.). unesdoc.unesco.org |
委员会尤其关注虐待是佛兰芒 [...] 语区婴儿死亡的第二位原因，缔约国虐婴造成的死亡率非常高，高于大多数经合 组织国家，委员会还关切的是，所有案件有三分之一为性虐待，但《刑法》依然 将性虐待定为一种违反道德的罪行，而不是暴力犯罪。daccess-ods.un.org | The Committee notes with particular concern that abuse is the second cause of infant mortality in Flanders and that mortality resulting from abuse of children in the State party is very high, higher than in most OECD countries The Committee is also concerned that one third of all cases are cases of sexual abuse [...] and that sexual abuse is still qualified by the [...] Criminal Codeas a crimeagainst morality rather than asa violent crime. daccess-ods.un.org |
在一些区域，枪支往往 [...] 与有组织犯罪集团的非法活动有关，因而这一百分比要高得多，例如在南北美 洲，在暴力犯罪中使用枪支占所有杀人行为的 74%，而在欧洲占 21%。 daccess-ods.un.org | This percentage becomes considerably higher in regions where it is often associated with the illicit activities of organized criminal groups, [...] such as in the Americas, where the use [...] of firearms in violent crimesamountsto 74 per [...]cent of all homicides, as compared to 21 per cent in Europe. daccess-ods.un.org |
除了有 关化学、生物、放射和核武器、安全和废物的文书，塞浦路斯还加入了众多涉及 [...] 相关问题(包括引渡、刑事互助、犯罪收益的清洗、搜查、扣押和没收，跨国有 组织犯罪和补偿暴力犯罪受害者)的文书。 daccess-ods.un.org | It was also party to a number of instruments on related issues, including extradition, mutual assistance in criminal matters, money-laundering, search, seizure and confiscation of the proceeds of crime, [...] transnational organized crime and compensation of [...] victims of violentcrimes,in addition [...]to instruments pertaining to chemical, biological, [...]radiological and nuclear weapons, safety and waste. daccess-ods.un.org |
在可能和适当情况下，对怀孕妇女和有受扶养子女的妇女应首先选择非拘禁 判决，只有在罪行严重或暴力犯罪或该 妇女构成持续危险的情况下，并在考虑到儿 童最高利益之后，才考虑拘禁判决，同时还应确保做好照看这类儿童的适当安排。 daccess-ods.un.org | Non-custodial sentences for pregnant women and women with dependent children shall be preferred where possible and appropriate, with [...] custodial sentences being [...] considered whenthe offenceis serious orviolent or the woman [...]represents a continuing danger, [...]and after taking into account the best interests of the child or children, while ensuring that appropriate provision has been made for the care of such children. daccess-ods.un.org |
匈牙利刑法》规定，任何人凡具有与 恐怖主义有关的目的，实施暴力犯罪或对公众造成威胁的犯罪或牵涉到武器的使 用，应受到 10 年至 20 年的监禁或终身监禁。 daccess-ods.un.org | Pursuant to the Hungarian [...] Criminal Code(HCC),any person who — with a purpose related to terrorism — commits a violent crime oracrime that [...]poses a threat to the public [...]or involves the use of a weapon is punishable by imprisonment for a term of 10 to 20 years or life imprisonment. daccess-ods.un.org |
应在最高法院建立一项国家集中登记制度，记录所有酷刑案件或者其他被 认定为有组织暴力犯罪的案件，并注明案发的时间和地点、案犯所属单位、受害 者的情况、肇事者的情况、处理情况、参与审理的司法机构以及审判结果。 daccess-ods.un.org | A central register should be created in the Supreme Court, for recording cases [...] of torture and other forms [...] of institutional violence thatare definedas offences, giving the [...]date and probable location [...]of the incident, institutions, possible victims and perpetrators, stage reached in the proceedings, courts involved and outcome of each case. daccess-ods.un.org |
这个祸害也是危 及国家内部稳定的其它威胁的根源，如军事政变、叛 乱活动、资助武装团体、侵犯人权行为、社会紧张、 [...] 毒品换武器、资助恐怖活动、制造无法治理的局面、 人道主义危机、族裔暴力、犯罪活动渗入政治和商业、 区域不稳定以及招募儿童从事犯罪活动等各种威胁。 daccess-ods.un.org | This scourge is also at the root of other threats to internal State stability, such as military coups, insurgencies, the financing of armed groups, human rights violations, social tensions, the trade in drugs for arms, the financing of terrorist activities, the creation of [...] ungovernable situations, [...] humanitarian crises, ethnic violence, the infiltration ofcrime into politics [...]and business, regional instability [...]and child recruitment in criminal activities, among others. daccess-ods.un.org |
因此，2003 年生效的瑞士《刑法》第 260 条之五规定，任何人募集资金或提 供资金，如目的在于资助暴力犯罪行为，以恐吓一些人或迫使一国政府或一个国 际组织采取或不采取任何行动，应处以五年以下监禁。 daccess-ods.un.org | Accordingly, article 260 quinquies of the Swiss Penal Code, which entered into force in 2003 provides for a [...] penalty of up to five [...] yearsof imprisonment foranyone who collects funds or makes them available with the intention of financinga violent criminal act aimed [...]at intimidating a group [...]of people or at forcing a State or international organization to carry out or refrain from carrying out any act. daccess-ods.un.org |
这些领域包括：制定性暴力犯罪宣判准则，审查 《强奸法》(见上文第 69 段)并确保该法与《儿童法》相辅相成等方面提供技术 专长，以及通过为利比里亚国家警察、巡回法庭及性暴力和基于性别的暴力犯罪组提供技术专长，加强司法环节的能力。 daccess-ods.un.org | These include the development of sentencing [...] guidelines for sexual violence crimes, reviewing the rape law (see para. 69 above) and ensuring its complementarity with the Children’s Act, and strengthening the capacity of the justice chain by embedding technical expertise in the Liberian National Police, circuit courts and the Sexual and Gender-Based ViolenceCrimes Unit. daccess-ods.un.org |
例 如，一个民权团体立即向联合国提交了关于蓄意部分消灭美国的非裔美国人群体 的案件，但没有收到任何回复。4 [...] 出现一些明显的问题，诸如美国之所以尚未批 准该公约就是因为对非裔美国人的种族暴力犯罪不受惩罚等问题；5 另外还指 出，根据《公约》，只有国家才有权向联合国，特别是向国际法院提出对其他国 [...]家的灭绝种族指控，因为该法院是《公约》规定的具有管辖权的国际法院(第八 和九条)。 daccess-ods.un.org | For example, a civil rights group immediately submitted to the United Nations the case of the intentional partial destruction of the African American group in the United States but received no response whatsoever.4 Obvious problems arose, such as the fact that the United States had yet to ratify the Convention precisely because [...] of issues such as the question [...] of impunity for crimesofracial violenceagainst African Americans;5it [...]was also pointed out [...]that, under the Convention, only States were entitled to submit complaints of genocide against other States to the United Nations, and particularly to the International Court of Justice as the international court with jurisdiction under the Convention (arts. 8 and 9). daccess-ods.un.org |
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