单词 | 普法战争 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
释义 | 普法战争 —Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871)See also:普法 n—Franco-Prussian n 普法—rights awareness • promote knowledge of laws 战争—conflict 战争 n—warfare n
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一些国家在本国法律中确立对战争罪 的 普 遍 管辖权时,选择对行使此类管 辖权附加某些条件,例如,必须与法院地国存在某种联系。 daccess-ods.un.org | When establishing universal jurisdiction for war crimes in their legal order, some [...] States chose to attach conditions to [...]the exercise of this type of jurisdiction, such as the existence of a particular link to the forum State. daccess-ods.un.org |
这种立法为以下任何罪行或罪行组合规定了普遍管辖权: (a) 严重违反日内瓦四公约及其《第一附加议定书》的行为(主要是英联邦成员 国);(b) 1954 [...] [...] 年《海牙公约》《第二号议定书》和《保护所有人免遭强迫失踪国 际公约》特别规定的犯罪(例如塞浦路斯、日本和荷兰);(c) 没有条约规定普遍 管辖权的其他违反国际人道主义法行 为,如在非国际武装冲突中实施 的 战争罪 ( 比利时、加拿大、新西兰和菲律宾)以及违反禁止或管制使用某种武器的行为(南 非);(d) 《罗马规约》第 [...] 8 条所列的战争罪(比利时、加拿大、德国、新西兰和 联合王国)。 daccess-ods.un.org | This legislation provides for universal jurisdiction over any or a combination of the following: (a) grave breaches of the Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocol I thereto (primarily States members of the Commonwealth); (b) crimes specified under the Second Protocol to the 1954 Hague Convention and the International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance (for example, Cyprus, Japan and the Netherlands); [...] (c) other violations [...] of international humanitarian law where no treaty requires universal jurisdiction, such as war crimes committed in non-international [...]armed conflict (Belgium, [...]Canada, New Zealand and the Philippines) and violations of treaties that either prohibit or regulate the use of certain weapons (South Africa); (d) the war crimes list contained in article 8 of the Rome Statute (Belgium, Canada, Germany, New Zealand and the United Kingdom). daccess-ods.un.org |
临时保护的对 象是从发生战争或类似情况、普遍暴 力现象或内部冲突而导致人权受侵犯的国家 大量涌入克罗地亚的外国人――如果其本国不愿或 无 法 保 护他们,并且鉴于人数 众多,不可能有效地根据所有申请保护者的利益而执行庇护程序。 daccess-ods.un.org | Temporary [...] protection is provided to foreign nationals who come to Croatia in large numbers from a state where a war or similar situation, general violence or internal conflicts gave rise to the violation of human [...]rights, if the country [...]of their origin is not prepared or in the position to protect them and if on account of a large number of such persons it is not possible to effectively conduct the procedure for granting asylum in the interest of all the persons seeking protection. daccess-ods.un.org |
虽然相关的条约法规定仅限于严重违反行为,但国家实践确认,以下规则 为习惯国际法规范:对于构成战争罪的违 反 战争法 规 和 习惯的行为,各国有权赋 予本国法院普遍管辖权(2005 年《习惯国际人道主义法》第 157 条)。 daccess-ods.un.org | While the relevant treaty law provisions are restricted to grave breaches, State practice has confirmed as a norm of customary international law the rule that States have the right to vest universal jurisdiction in their national courts over violations of the laws and customs of war that constitute war crimes (Rule 157, Customary International Humanitarian Law, 2005). daccess-ods.un.org |
此外,威胁、挑战和改革问题高级别小组的报告(A/59/565)以及秘书长题 [...] 为“大自由:实现人人共享的发展、安全和人权”的报告(A/59/2005)向冲突 地区和冲突后地区的千百万妇女和女孩提出了一些至关重要的倡议,包括:设立 建设和平委员会;加强对预防冲突的重视;负责保护民众免遭灭绝种族罪 、 战争 罪、 族裔清洗和危害人类罪;更加有效地保护人权以及加 强 法 治。 un.org | Furthermore, the report of the High-level Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change (A/59/565) and the report of the Secretary-General “In larger freedom: towards development, security and human rights for all” (A/59/2005) proposed a number of initiatives of vital importance to millions of women and girls in conflict and post-conflict areas, including: the creation of a Peacebuilding Commission; increased focus on conflict prevention; the responsibility [...] to protect populations [...] from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity; more effective protection of human rights; and enhanced rule of law. un.org |
12 月,欧盟驻科法治团 警察在科索沃警察业务支助股的支助下,拘捕了两名 被控在普里兹伦犯有战争罪(对 平民采取恐吓和恐怖行为,并造成他们流离失所) 的科索沃阿族人,据称他们于 1998 年 7 月 17 日至 19 日在 Rahovec/奥拉霍瓦茨 和附近村庄犯下这些罪行。 daccess-ods.un.org | In December, EULEX Police, supported [...] by Kosovo [...] Police Operational Support Unit, arrested two Kosovo Albanians in Prizren on war crimes charges (intimidation and terror, dislocation and displacement [...]of the civilian [...]population) allegedly committed from 17 to 19 July 1998 in Rahovec/Orahovac and nearby villages. daccess-ods.un.org |
该国取得了很大成就,摆脱了九支外国军队和众多国内外武装团体在其领土 上作战、被普遍形 容为“非洲第一次世界 大 战 ” 的 战争 , 结 束了威胁其存亡的巴 尔干化,成功驾驭了一段脆弱的过渡期,并进行了自由、公正、透明的选举,建 立了一个合法政府。 daccess-ods.un.org | The country has come a long way, emerging from what was widely described as “Africa’s First World War”, which involved nine foreign armies and numerous [...] domestic and foreign [...] armed groups fighting on its soil, and ending the balkanization that threatened its very existence; it has successfully managed a delicate transition period, and conducted free, fair and transparent elections that installed a legitimate Government. daccess-ods.un.org |
举 例而言,这可包括以下领域的经验:国内严重和复杂罪行的辩护,如恐怖主义、 杀人、非预谋杀人、贩运和复杂的白领罪行等罪案;涉及国际层面的案子的辩护 经验,诸如国际司法协助 、复杂的移民案、超国家的罪行;以 及 战争 罪 、 灭绝种 族罪和危害人类罪的辩护经验。 daccess-ods.un.org | For example, this may include experience in the following areas: the defence of those charged with serious and complex crimes at the domestic level, such as terrorism, homicide, manslaughter, trafficking and complex white-collar crimes; the defence of cases with international dimensions, such [...] as those involving [...] international judicial assistance, complex immigration issues or supranational crime; and the defence of those charged with war crimes, genocide [...]and crimes against humanity. daccess-ods.un.org |
缔约国明确指 出,刚果目前没有战争、内战或普遍 持 续的暴力行为,仅此一项理由即足以得出申 诉人如回国不会遭受酷刑的结论。 daccess-ods.un.org | The State party observes that the Congo is not in a [...] situation of war or civil war and is not experiencing widespread violence [...]of a sort that would, in [...]itself, constitute sufficient grounds to conclude that the complainant would be in danger of torture if returned. daccess-ods.un.org |
德国指出,早在 1964 年,联邦国防部就 颁布了第 15/9 号普通兵役条例:《国际战争 法》——教室准则(第 6 部分)——武装冲突 情况下的文化财产保护工作(教学资料),下 至单位一级的人员都可以在德国武装部队各培 训机构领取这些资料。 unesdoc.unesco.org | Germany points out that as early as 1964, the Federal [...] Minister of Defence issued [...] Zentrale Dienstvorschrift (General Service Regulation) 15/9 “Kriegsvölkerrecht – Leitfaden für den Unterricht (Teil 6) – Der Schutz von Kulturgut bei bewaffneten Konflikten (Lehrschrift)” (International Law of War – Classroom [...]Guidelines (Part 6) – [...]The Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict (instructional material) which was available right down to unit level and at the German Armed Forces training facilities. unesdoc.unesco.org |
第 614 条,属一般条款,规定对违反武装 冲突国际法但未被明确认定为战争罪 的 普 通侵 害或行为施以较轻的处罚。 unesdoc.unesco.org | punishes, with a lesser degree of severity, simple infringements or acts [...] that are contrary to international law in respect [...] of armed conflict, but which are not expressly regarded as war crimes. unesdoc.unesco.org |
南 非今日仍然面临着各种重大挑战,既有新的斗争,也 有老的挑战——从曼德拉领导的与艾滋病毒/艾滋病 的挑战到为争取深入、普及和持久的繁荣而进行的斗 争。 daccess-ods.un.org | It still faces great challenges, some new and [...] some old, from the fight against HIV/AIDS that [...] Mandela championed to the struggle for deep, broad and lasting [...]prosperity. daccess-ods.un.org |
在从结构方面预防冲突和 建设和平文化范围内编写了《非洲法 语 国 家应用的历史教材一览:中小学教育实例》这份材 料提出了解除非洲历史教学武装的工作思路,做到课程设置进一步强调会聚融合的历史因素 而非战争事实。 unesdoc.unesco.org | Drawn up in the context of the structural prevention of conflicts and the construction of a culture of peace, the critical [...] inventory of history [...] textbooks in use in French-speaking Africa: primary and secondary education offers pointers for disarming the teaching of history in Africa so that curricula place more emphasis on historical factors of convergence than on acts of war. unesdoc.unesco.org |
国际社会看到的不是普通的战争,而 是新的以色 列的侵略,这与 2006 年对黎巴嫩的侵略相似,他们 [...] 正在对巴勒斯坦人民使用最先进的致命武器,违反了 国际和平与安全的原则。 daccess-ods.un.org | The international community is [...] not witnessing an ordinary war but a new Israeli [...]aggression, similar to the summer of 2006 [...]aggression on Lebanon, with the most advanced and lethal weapons being used against Palestinian people, in violation of international peace and security. daccess-ods.un.org |
承诺到 2012 年,通过包容各方、国家主导的透明程序,更新和实施艾滋病 毒和艾滋病国家多部门战略和计划,包括筹资计划,其中包括应以有针对性、公 平和持续的方式实现的具有时限的目标,以加快行动步伐 , 争 取到 2015 年普及 艾 滋病毒预防、治疗、护理和支持服务,并解决预防和治疗覆盖面低得令人 无法 接受的问题 daccess-ods.un.org | Commit to update and implement, by 2012, through inclusive, [...] country-led [...] and transparent processes, multisectoral national HIV and AIDS strategies and plans, including financing plans, which include time-bound goals to be reached in a targeted, equitable and sustained manner, to accelerate efforts to achieve universal access to HIV prevention, treatment, care and support by 2015, and [...]address unacceptably [...]low prevention and treatment coverage daccess-ods.un.org |
大会在同一决议第五节第 11 段中请秘书长寻求更加有效的战略,及时填补 所有工作地点现有和未来的语文员额空缺,表示注意到秘书长关于会议时地分配 办法的报 告(A/63/119 和 Corr.1)第 92 段,又请秘书长尽早举行该段提及的语文 工作人员竞争性征 聘考试和 2009 年后的其他考试,以便及时填补所有工作地点 现有和未来的语文员额空缺,并向大会第六十四届会议通报这方面的努力。 daccess-ods.un.org | In section V, paragraph 11, of the same resolution, the General Assembly requested the [...] Secretary-General to seek a more [...] effective strategy to fill current and future language post vacancies at all duty stations in a timely manner, took note of paragraph 92 of the report of the Secretary-General on the pattern of conferences (A/63/119 and Corr.1), and also requested the Secretary-General to hold the competitive examinations for [...]the recruitment of language [...]staff referred to in that paragraph, as well as other examinations beyond 2009, well in advance so as to fill current and future language post vacancies at all duty stations in a timely manner, and to inform the Assembly at its sixty-fourth session of efforts in that regard. daccess-ods.un.org |
安全理事会将通过的关于停止对加沙的侵略和 战争的决议必须重申,必须在真正和有效的国际监 督下继续推动政治进程,以确保将在 1967 年边界内 建立以圣城为首都的独立巴勒斯坦国,根据 1948 年大会第 194(III)号决议找到巴勒斯坦难民问题 的公正和商定解决办法,并 释放所有被关押者和囚 犯。 daccess-ods.un.org | The resolution to be adopted by the Security [...] Council on the cessation of [...] aggression and war against Gaza must reiterate the need for the political process to continue under genuine and effective international supervision in order to ensure that an independent Palestinian State will be created within the 1967 borders and with Al-Quds Al-Sharif as its capital; that a just and agreed solution will be found to the issue of Palestinian refugees in accordance with [...]General Assembly resolution [...]194 (III) of 1948; and that all detainees and prisoners will be released. daccess-ods.un.org |
自2007年引入该项目起,安全理事会在其下讨论了(一)自然资源与冲突之间的联系;(二) 安全理事会在预防和解决冲突、特别是非洲冲突方面的作用;(三)调解和解 决 争 端 ; (四)通 过 普 遍 管 制和裁减军备加强集体安全;(五)尊重国际人道主 义 法 ; ( 六)核不扩散与核裁军;(七)艾滋病毒/艾滋病;和(八)气候变化等许多主题。 un.org | Since the introduction of the item in 2007, the Security Council discussed various topics under it such as (i) the linkage between natural resources and conflict, (ii) the role of the Security Council in conflict prevention and resolution, in particular in Africa, [...] (iii) mediation and [...] settlement of disputes, (iv) strengthening collective security through general regulation and reduction of armaments, (v) respect for international humanitarian law, (vi) nuclear non-proliferation [...]and nuclear [...]disarmament, (vii) HIV/AIDS and (viii) climate change. un.org |
罗马尼亚认为,应该特别关注非对称战争以及与私营军事公司有关的问题 (例如遵守国际人道主义法、人权法、 战争 惯 例、交战规则和冲突后局势)对国际 人道主义法产生的挑战。 daccess-ods.un.org | Romania considers that particular attention should be paid to the challenges posed to [...] international humanitarian law [...] by asymmetric warfare and by the issues related to private military companies such as compliance with international humanitarian law, human rights law, customs [...]of war, rules of engagement and post-conflict situations. daccess-ods.un.org |
应当注意的是,根据安全理事会第 808 号 决议第 2 段编写的联合国秘书长的报告(联合 国 S/25704 号文件,1993 年 5 月 3 日,第 35 段,第 9 [...] 页)指出,“列入国际人道主义协约 [...] 法的下述公约体现了适用于武装冲突的法律, 并完全成为国际习惯法的一部分:1949 年 8 月 12 日《保护战争受害 者各项日内瓦公约》; 《陆战法规和 惯例》(1907 年 10 月 18 日海牙 第四公约)和《公约附件陆战法规和惯例章 [...]程》;1948 年 12 月 9 日《防止及惩治灭绝种 [...]族罪公约》和《国际军事法庭宪章》 [省去脚 注参考—— 教科文组织秘书处]。 unesdoc.unesco.org | It should be noted that the Report of the United Nations Secretary-General pursuant to paragraph 2 of Security Council resolution 808 (United Nations document S/25704, 3 May 1993, para. 35, p. 9) stated that “[T]he part of conventional international humanitarian law which has beyond doubt become part of international customary law is the law applicable in armed conflict as embodied in: the Geneva Conventions of 12 [...] August 1949 for the [...] Protection of War Victims; the Hague Convention (IV) Respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land and [...]the Regulations annexed [...]thereto of 18 October 1907; the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide of 9 December 1948; and the Charter of the International Military Tribunal of 8 August 1945” [reference to footnotes omitted – the UNESCO Secretariat]. unesdoc.unesco.org |
(a) 关于安全理事会第 1591(2005)号决议第 3 段(a)(i)所载关于安全理事 会第 [...] 1556(2004)号决议第 7 和第 8 段的义务,《战争物资法》(《战争物 资 法》, 经联邦法律公报,57/2001 [...]号修订)、《对外贸易法》(《对外贸易法》,联邦法律 [...]公报,50/2005 号修订)和《外贸法规》(《外贸法规》,联邦法律公报,121/2006 号)规定,向第三国出售,供应,转让或出口军火和有关物资,需出口授权书; 提供军事活动有关的经纪服务,也需授权。 daccess-ods.un.org | (a) With regard to the obligations contained in paragraph 3 (a) (i) of Security Council resolution 1591 (2005) referring to paragraphs [...] 7 and 8 of Security Council [...] resolution 1556 (2004) the War Materials Act (WMA, Federal Law [...]Gazette I No. 57/2001 as amended), [...]the Foreign Trade Act (FTA, Federal Law Gazette I No. 50/2005 as amended) and Foreign Trade Regulation (FTAR, Federal Law Gazette II No. 121/2006) require an export authorization for the sale, supply, transfer or export of arms and related materiel to third countries and an authorization for the provision of brokering services related to military activities. daccess-ods.un.org |
(i) 请统计司建立一个专家组开始工作,评估 2010 年普查面临的挑战,讨论新出现的趋势,汇总经验教训,并处理一些问题,包括合理的数据发布时间表、 信息技术的使用、关于隐私、保密和外 包 普 查 业 务承包事项 的 法 律 规 定,以及在 可能的情况下利用行政记录和登记册来补充人口普查资料并降低成本 daccess-ods.un.org | (i) Requested the United Nations Statistics Division to establish an Expert [...] Group to begin work [...] to assess the challenges faced in the 2010 round, discuss emerging trends, compile lessons learned and address a number of issues, including the desirable data release timelines, the use of information technology, legal provisions for privacy, confidentiality and contracting for outsourced census operations, [...]and the use of administrative [...]records and registers, where possible, to complement census information and reduce costs daccess-ods.un.org |
国家的主权平等、拒绝在违反《联合国宪章》的 情况下使用武力、和平解决争端以及现代国 际 法 的其 他根本原则都已作为国际行为方面无 可 争 辩 和 普遍 接受的规范。 daccess-ods.un.org | The sovereign equality of States, the rejection of the use of force in violation of the Charter of the United Nations, the peaceful settlement of disputes and other fundamental [...] principles of [...] contemporary international law have been robustly enshrined as the undisputed and universally accepted canons for [...]conduct on the international stage. daccess-ods.un.org |
鉴于其性质,美国对古巴的封锁构成 1948 年 日内瓦防止及惩治灭绝种族罪公约第二条 c 款所述的灭绝种族行为,以及 1909 年伦敦海军会议通过的海军战争法宣 言 所述的经济战争行为。 daccess-ods.un.org | By its nature, the United States embargo against Cuba constitutes an act of genocide under paragraph (c) of article II of the Convention for the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (1948 Geneva [...] Convention) and an act [...] of economic war under the terms of the Declaration concerning the laws of naval war, adopted [...]by the Naval Conference of London in 1909. daccess-ods.un.org |
2010 年《劳动法法案》使该领土有了 [...] 一部符合国际劳工组织(劳工组织)标准的全面劳动法,为改善劳工管理提供了法 律依据,规定了最低限度雇佣条件,并为管理劳工、解 决 争 议 和 普 遍 遵 守劳 工法 提供了一个制度。 daccess-ods.un.org | The 2010 Labour Code Act gives the Territory a comprehensive labour code in line with International Labour Organization (ILO) standards, provides for the improvement of labour administration, prescribes minimum employment [...] conditions and offers a system for labour [...] administration, dispute settlement and the observance of labour laws generally. daccess-ods.un.org |
委员会促请缔约国确保其国内立法能 够有效地使之确立并行使对敌对行动 中征招、招募和使用儿童所涉的战争 罪 的 普 遍 管辖权,并采取必要步骤,颁布一 项关于执行《国际刑事法院罗马规约》的国家立法。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Committee urges the State party to ensure that [...] its domestic legislation effectively enables it to establish and exercise universal jurisdiction over war crimes related to conscription, enlistment and use of children in hostilities and to take the necessary steps to enact a national legislation [...]implementing the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. daccess-ods.un.org |
11 月初,苏人解和全国大 会党商定讨论剩余的所有重大立法问题,希望达成一个“一揽子交易”,包括南 方苏丹全民投票法、阿卜耶伊全民投票法、国家安 全 法 、 人 民协 商 法 和 如 何在 2010 年选举中处理有争议的人口普查结果。 daccess-ods.un.org | In early November, SPLM and NCP agreed to discuss all of the major remaining legislative issues in hopes of agreeing to a package deal, including the Southern Sudan Referendum Bill, the Abyei Referendum Bill, the National Intelligence and [...] Security Services [...] Bill, the Popular Consultations Bill and the treatment of the disputed census results in the 2010 elections. daccess-ods.un.org |
如第四次会议最后文件第45 段所述,第四次会议还决定,为了执行第三次 [...] 审查会议通过的“促进普遍加入《公约》及其所附议定书的行动计划”,专家会 议应审议普遍加入关于战争遗留 爆炸物的第五号议定书的问题,由第五号议定书 缔约方第五次会议候任主席负总责。 daccess-ods.un.org | 5. The Fourth Conference also decided, as stipulated in paragraph 45 of its Final Document, that in implementing the Plan of Action to Promote Universality of the Convention and its annexed Protocols as adopted by the Third Review Conference, the Meeting of Experts [...] should consider the [...] issue of the universalization of Protocol V on Explosive Remnants of War under the overall [...]responsibility of [...]the President-designate of the Fifth Conference of the High Contracting Parties to Protocol V. daccess-ods.un.org |
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