| 单词 | 无效性 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 | 无效性 noun —impermissibility nSee also:无效 adj—null 无效—not valid • in vain 无性—asexual (reproduction) • sexless 效性 n—validity n
|
因 此，行为的无效性质只 是其中一个特性，而这一特性又影响该行为产生或更改法 [...] 律地位的能力。 daccess-ods.un.org | In that regard, the nullity of an act is merely [...] one of its characteristics, which, in turn, influences the capacity of the [...]act to produce or modify a legal situation. daccess-ods.un.org |
缺 乏这一机制，则由各国自行决定，而保留 的 无效性 质 只 有在与认为保留无效的国 家的关系中才显露出来。 daccess-ods.un.org | Absent such a mechanism, it was for each State to decide for [...] itself, and the nullity of a reservation [...]would be revealed only in relation to States [...]that considered it null and void. daccess-ods.un.org |
无效保留的无效性的后果产生了两个相互矛盾的命题，第一个命题是可分 割性的命题，根据这一命题，无效保留的提出者受条约的约束而没有得到提出保 留的好处，第二个命题是“纯粹共同同意”的命题，根据这个命题，保留 的 无效 性将保 留者排除到缔约国的圈子以外，保留是保留方同意受条约约束的一个先决 条件。 daccess-ods.un.org | The consequences of the [...] nullity of an invalid reservation gave rise to two conflicting theses, the first being the thesis of severability, according to which the author of an invalid reservation was bound by the treaty without the benefit of its reservation, and the second being the thesis of “pure consensualism”, according to which the invalidity of the reservation [...]excluded the author from [...]the circle of States parties, the reservation being a sine qua non for the author’s consent to be bound by the treaty. daccess-ods.un.org |
在这 种情况下，只有保留方才能作出改变保 留 无效性 质 所需的决定，而只要保留方未 撤回或修改保留，就不应被视为条约缔约方。 daccess-ods.un.org | In these circumstances, only the [...] reserving State can take the necessary decisions to remedy the nullity of its reservation, [...]and it should [...]not be regarded as a party to the treaty until such time as it has withdrawn or modified its reservation. daccess-ods.un.org |
在 2010 年 7 月 27 日第 3069 次会议上，委员会审议并暂时通过了下列准则 草案：3.3.2 [...] [3.3.3 ](单独接受不允许的保留的效果)、3.3.3 [3.3.4](集体接受不允许 的保留的效果)、4.5.1 [...] [3.3.2，后为 4.5.1 和 4.5.2](无效保留的无效性质)、4.5.2 [4.5.3](无效保留 的提出者相对于条约的地位)、4.5.3 [...][4.5.4 ](对无效保留的反应)、 4.6(保留不对条约其他当事方之间的关系产生效果)、4.7.1 [...][4.7 和 4.7.1 ](解释性声 明对条约用语的澄清)、4.7.2(更改或撤回解释性声明对声明方的效果)、4.7.3(所 有缔约国和缔约组织赞同解释性声明的效果)。 daccess-ods.un.org | At its 3069th meeting, on 27 July 2010, the Commission considered and provisionally adopted the following guidelines: 3.3.2 [3.3.3] (Effect of individual acceptance of an impermissible reservation), 3.3.3 [3.3.4] (Effect of collective acceptance of an impermissible reservation), [...] 4.5.1 [3.3.2, [...] later 4.5.1 and 4.5.2] (Nullity of an invalid reservation), 4.5.2 [...][4.5.3] (Status of the author of an invalid reservation in relation [...]to the treaty), 4.5.3 [4.5.4] (Reactions to an invalid reservation), 4.6 (Absence of effect of a reservation on the relations between the other parties to the treaty), 4.7.1 [4.7 and 4.7.1] (Clarification of the terms of the treaty by an interpretative declaration), 4.7.2 (Effect of the modification or the withdrawal of an interpretative declaration in respect of its author) and 4.7.3 (Effect of an interpretative declaration approved by all the contracting States and contracting organizations). daccess-ods.un.org |
实际上，许多反对明显是因保留的 无效性 而 起 ，其中常常 指明保留的无效性质以及保留无法产生效果；但几乎在所有情况下，这些反对方 都不反对条约生效，甚至表示赞同与保留方建立条约关系。 daccess-ods.un.org | Many objections have clearly been [...] based on the invalidity of a reservation and even, in many cases, have declared such a reservation to be null and void, and unable to produce effects; nevertheless, [...]in virtually all [...]cases, the objecting States have not opposed the treaty’s entry into force and have even declared themselves to be in favour of the establishment of a treaty relationship with the author of the reservation. daccess-ods.un.org |
(4) 保留的无效性质与这种无效性质的 后果和效果固然相互依存，但彼此又有 不同。 daccess-ods.un.org | (4) While the nullity of a reservation and the consequences or effects of that nullity are certainly interdependent, they are two different issues. daccess-ods.un.org |
(3) “无效”一词旨在重申，这一无效性 并 不取决于其他缔约国或缔约组织的 反应，这在准则 3.3.2 和 4.5.3 中表述得更为清楚。 daccess-ods.un.org | (3) The purpose of the phrase “null and void” is to recall that this nullity is not dependent on the reactions of other contracting States or contracting organizations, something that guidelines 3.3.2 and 4.5.3 state even more clearly. daccess-ods.un.org |
准则 3.3.2 和 3.4.1 回答了接受一项不允许的保留的效果问题：它既不会对保 留的允许性产生任何效果(除了准则 3.3.3 [...] 中设想的特殊情况以外)，也更不会对 一项不允许的保留的无效性质的 法律后果产生任何效果。 daccess-ods.un.org | Guidelines 3.3.2 and 3.4.1 answer the question of the effect of an acceptance of an impermissible reservation: it can have no effect on either the permissibility of the reservation — apart from the special case [...] envisaged in guideline 3.3.3 — or, a fortiori, on the legal [...] consequences of the nullity of an impermissible [...]reservation. daccess-ods.un.org |
此外，相反的推 [...] 定会造成严重的法律稳定性问题，并且在表示同意受条约约束的时间和确定有关 的保留无效的时间之间在可追溯的基础上造成法律上 的 无效性。 daccess-ods.un.org | Moreover, the opposite presumption would pose serious problems of legal stability and retroactively create a legal void between the time of [...] expression of consent to be bound by the treaty and the time of [...] determination of the nullity of the reservation [...]in question. daccess-ods.un.org |
无效保留的无效性质不取决于一缔约国或一缔约组织的反对或接受。 daccess-ods.un.org | The nullity of an invalid reservation [...] does not depend on the objection or the acceptance by a contracting State or a contracting organization. daccess-ods.un.org |
不可能先研究不允许的保留的效果来推断 其 无效性 质 ，因为不产生效果的 法律行为不一定就无效。 daccess-ods.un.org | It is not possible first to consider the effects of an impermissible reservation and then to deduce its nullity: the fact that a legal act produces no effect does not necessarily mean that it is null and void. daccess-ods.un.org |
(1) 准则草案 2.6.3 所规定的不考虑到保留的有效性(或 无效性 ) ， 提 出反对的自 由，也包括反对条约在提出保留的国家或国际组织与提出反对的国家或国际组织 [...] 之间生效的自由，这一可能性源于《维也纳公约》第 20 条第 4 款(b)项和第 21 [...]条第 3 款，其中规定了这种效果。 daccess-ods.un.org | (1) The freedom to make objections [...] irrespective of the permissibility (or impermissibility) of the reservation, [...]as set out in guideline [...]2.6.3, also encompasses the freedom to oppose the entry into force of the treaty as between the reserving State or international organization, on the one hand, and the author of the objection, on the other. daccess-ods.un.org |
不 允许的保留的无效性质绝 不属于拟议法的范畴；它已在国家实践中牢牢确立。 daccess-ods.un.org | The nullity of an impermissible reservation [...] is in no way a matter of lex ferenda; it is solidly established in State practice. daccess-ods.un.org |
保留的有 [...] 效或无效，不取决于国家或国际组织在这方面采取的个别立场，因此 其 无效性质 不 是一个主观或相对的问题，而是能够且必须客观确定的问题，但这并不表示无 [...]须关注其他缔约方的反应――这正是《实践指南》第 4.3 节中的准则的主题。 daccess-ods.un.org | A reservation is or is not valid, irrespective of the individual positions taken by States or [...] international organizations in this connection and, [...] accordingly, its nullity is not a subjective [...]question or a relative matter, but can [...]and must be determined objectively, although this does not mean that the reactions of other parties are devoid of interest – but this is the subject of the guidelines in section 4.3 of the Guide to Practice. daccess-ods.un.org |
尽管这些反应本身肯定不会产生扭 转保留无效性的法 律效果，但可帮助评估保留方的意向，或者更正确地说是保留 方提出无效保留自愿承担的风险。 daccess-ods.un.org | Although these reactions obviously cannot, in themselves, produce legal effects by neutralizing the nullity of the reservation, they can facilitate an assessment of the author’s intention or, more accurately, the risk that it may intentionally have run in formulating an invalid reservation. daccess-ods.un.org |
因此，遵守整个条约并非出自另一缔约方的主观评价，其唯一 依据是保留的无效性质和 保留方的意向。 daccess-ods.un.org | Thus, the requirement that the treaty must be implemented in its entirety would derive not from a subjective [...] assessment by another contracting party, but [...] solely from the nullity of the reservation [...]and the intention of its author. daccess-ods.un.org |
关于巴勒斯坦被占领土和世界上其它地方的类 似情况，我们的出发点是，必须重申继续适用一切相 [...] 关的国际法律规范，实现旨在巩固军事占领的活动的 无效性，启动紧急措施消除这些活动的不利影响，并 阻止进一步采取同样或类似的做法。 daccess-ods.un.org | With respect to the occupied Palestinian territories and similar situations in other parts of the world, we proceed from the importance of reaffirming the continuing applicability of [...] all relevant international legal [...] norms, achieving the invalidation of activities aimed [...]at the consolidation of military [...]occupations, initiating urgent measures towards removing the adverse effects of such activities and discouraging any further practices of the same or a similar nature. daccess-ods.un.org |
这一推定(是可反驳的)， 有助于解决提出保留与确立保留的 无效性 之 间存在的不确定性，而在这整个(可 能持续数年的)期间，952 保留方可作为缔约方行事，并且被其他各方视为缔约 方。 daccess-ods.un.org | This presumption (which is rebuttable) can help [...] resolve the uncertainty between the formulation of the reservation and the establishment of its nullity; during this [...]entire period (which [...]may last several years),952 the author of the reservation has conducted itself as a party and been deemed to be so by the other parties. daccess-ods.un.org |
使用本网站，即表明您同意，Blackstone [...] [...] 经其全权自主决定，可能要求您将因使用本网站、相关服务或本《使用条款及条件》而产生的任何纠纷，包括因其解释、违规行为 、 无效性 、 违 约或终止所导致或相关的纠纷，以及填补本合同空白或其适应新出现的情况有关的纠纷，提交按照美国仲裁协会国际仲裁规则进行最终的和有约束力的仲裁，由一名或多名仲裁员按照上述规则进行仲裁。 china.blackstone.com | By using the Site, you agree that Blackstone, at its sole discretion, may require you to submit any disputes arising from the use of the Site, related services or these Terms and Conditions of Use concerning or, including disputes arising [...] from or concerning their interpretation, [...] violation, nullity, invalidity, non-performance [...]or termination, as well as disputes [...]about filling gaps in this contract or its adaptation to newly arisen circumstances, to final and binding arbitration under the International Rules of Arbitration of the American Arbitration Association, by one or more arbitrators appointed in accordance with the said rules. blackstone.com |
总体条款的任何处理证明是无效或不可能执行，执行这样处理 的 无效性 和 不 可能性在任何方面不会影响总体条款其它部分处理的有效性和强制性。 jiaju.fordaqfurniture.com | Should any disposition of the General Conditions [...] prove to be invalid or impossible to implement, the invalidity or impossibility of implementation [...]of such disposition [...]will not affect the validity and enforceability of the other dispositions of the General Conditions in any way. fordaqfurniture.com |
最终以确定保留无效果的方式实现目标的不是反对，而是保留 的 无效性 质， 但这一简单事实丝毫不改变反对方想要达到的目标，即排除无效保留的所有效 果。 daccess-ods.un.org | The mere fact that ultimately, it is not the objection that achieves [...] the desired goal of depriving the [...] reservation of effects, but rather the nullity of the reservation, [...]does not change the goal [...]sought by the objecting State or organization: to exclude all effects of the invalid reservation. daccess-ods.un.org |
有效性/无效性”和“有效/无效”等词的使 用，与委员会在 2006 年通过的“保留的有效性”一语的宽泛定义是吻合的，以 “描述用于确定以下事项的思维过程：一个国家或一个国际组织单方面提出的旨 在摒除或更改有关条约中若干规定在适用于该国或该国际组织时所具有的法律效 力的声明是否能够产生提出保留原则上所要产生的效果”。 daccess-ods.un.org | The use of the words “validity/invalidity” and “valid/invalid” is consistent with the broad definition of the expression “validity of reservations” adopted by the Commission in 2006 in order “to describe the intellectual operation consisting in determining whether a unilateral statement made by a State or an international organization and purporting to exclude or modify the legal effect of certain provisions of the treaty in their application to that State or organization was capable of producing the effects attached in principle to the formulation of a reservation”.823 daccess-ods.un.org |
还可以肯定的是，对无效保留的反对虽然丝毫不影响保留 的 无效性 质 ， 但 却是启动关于保留的对话的一项重要手段，同时可提请条约机构和国际或国内法 庭注意此问题，酌情评估保留的有效性。 daccess-ods.un.org | (10) Moreover, although an [...] objection to an invalid reservation adds nothing to the nullity of the reservation, it is undoubtedly a prime instrument [...]both for initiating [...]the reservations dialogue and for bringing the matter to the attention of treaty bodies and international and domestic courts if they are called upon to assess the validity of the reservation. daccess-ods.un.org |
(3) 另一方面，第 2 款的目的是，在不判断其优劣的情况下考虑到保管人可能 采取的主要做法(而且一定是联合国秘书长的上述做法)，578 一旦交存表示同意 [...] 承受条约约束的文书，即将保留的提出者视为一缔约国或缔约组织，而且，对保 留的有效性还是无效性不予考虑。 daccess-ods.un.org | (3) The purpose of paragraph 2, on the other hand, is to cover — without passing judgment on its merits — what is probably the predominant practice of depositaries (and is, in any case, the practice of the Secretary-General of the United Nations, described above),578 which is to consider the author of the reservation to be a contracting State or contracting organization as soon as the instrument expressing its consent to be [...] bound has been deposited and, moreover, without giving [...] consideration to the validity or the invalidity of the reservation. daccess-ods.un.org |
委员会在 2006 [...] 年审议关于对条约的保留的第十次报告时，“甚至质疑委员会是否应该研究保 留无效性的后果，《维也纳公约》没有谈及这些后果可能是明智的。 daccess-ods.un.org | In 2006, during the Commission’s consideration of the tenth report on reservations to treaties, “[i]t was even questioned whether the [...] Commission should take up the matter of the [...] consequences of the invalidity of reservations, [...]which, perhaps wisely, had not been addressed in the Vienna Conventions. daccess-ods.un.org |
准则4.5.2 草案的第1 段完全符合准则3.1( 允许的保留)( 该准则复述了《维 也纳公约》第19 条的条文) 、准则3.3.3 ( [...] 单独接受保留对保留的允许性不产生效 果 ) 和准则4.5.1( 无效保留的无效性质福) 。 daccess-ods.un.org | (2) Paragraph 1 of draft guideline 4.5.2 follows directly from guideline 3.1 (Permissible reservations) (which reproduces the text of article 19 of the Vienna Conventions), guideline 3.3.3 (Absence of effect of individual [...] acceptance of a reservation on the permissibility of the reservation) and guideline 4.5.1 [...] (Nullity of an invalid reservation). daccess-ods.un.org |
对无效保留提出反对并尽早提出反对，使所有 [...] 利益攸关方能够迅速评估法律状况，并使保留方能够通过关于保留的对话补救这 一无效性，既 符合保留方以及其他缔约国和缔约组织的利益，也有利于法律状况 的稳定和明确。 daccess-ods.un.org | It is in the interest of the author of the reservation, the other contracting States and contracting organizations and, more generally, of a stable, clear legal situation, for [...] objections to invalid [...] reservations to be made and for them to be formulated as quickly as possible, so that [...]the legal situation can [...]be appraised rapidly by all the actors and so that the author of the reservation can potentially remedy the invalidity within the framework of a reservations dialogue. daccess-ods.un.org |
36 1990年9月7日，在附有 争议保留的批准之后不到两年，智利通知保存人决定撤回该保留。虽然保留遭受 许多反对不一定是撤回保留的唯一原因，37 但这些反对必然让保留国注意到了保 留的无效性(“不被允许”)，并因此在保留对话和恢复 1984 年公约的完整性方 面发挥出不容忽视的作用。 daccess-ods.un.org | While the many objections to the reservation are certainly not the only reason for its withdrawal,37 they certainly drew the reserving State’s attention to the impermissibility of the reservation and thus played a significant role in the reservations dialogue and in restoration of the integrity of the 1984 Convention. daccess-ods.un.org |
但是，国家如果一开始就认为保留 无任何法律效力，就不可能有任何此类意向；在此情况下，反对的目的只是为了 指出保留的无效性以及因此造成的法律效力的缺乏。 daccess-ods.un.org | A State could not, however, have any such intention when it considers the reservation to lack any [...] legal effects to begin [...] with; the purpose of objecting is merely to point out the invalidity and consequent lack of legal effects of the reservation. daccess-ods.un.org |
英汉双解词典包含2273206条英汉词条，基本涵盖了全部常用单词的翻译及用法，是英语学习的有利工具。