| 单词 | 族罪 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 | 族罪 noun —genocide nSee also:族—race • nationality • ethnicity • clan 罪 n—sin n • guilt n • sinner n • fault n • guild n
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灭绝种族 罪的意 图是毁灭民族、族裔、种族或宗教群体的整体或一部分。 daccess-ods.un.org | Genocide is grounded in the intent to destroy a national, ethnic, racial or religious group in whole or in part. daccess-ods.un.org |
此外，威胁、挑战和改革问题高级别小组的报告（A/59/565）以及秘书长题 [...] 为“大自由：实现人人共享的发展、安全和人权”的报告（A/59/2005）向冲突 地区和冲突后地区的千百万妇女和女孩提出了一些至关重要的倡议，包括：设立 [...] 建设和平委员会；加强对预防冲突的重视；负责保护民众免遭灭绝 种 族罪 、 战争 罪、族裔清 洗和危害人类罪；更加有效地保护人权以及加强法治。 un.org | Furthermore, the report of the High-level Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change (A/59/565) and the report of the Secretary-General “In larger freedom: towards development, security and human rights for all” (A/59/2005) proposed a number of initiatives of vital importance to millions of women and girls in conflict and post-conflict areas, including: the creation of a Peacebuilding Commission; increased focus on conflict prevention; the responsibility [...] to protect populations from [...] genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity; [...]more effective protection [...]of human rights; and enhanced rule of law. un.org |
举 例而言，这可包括以下领域的经验：国内严重和复杂罪行的辩护，如恐怖主义、 杀人、非预谋杀人、贩运和复杂的白领罪行等罪案；涉及国际层面的案子的辩护 经验，诸如国际司法协助、复杂的移民案、超国家的罪行；以及战争罪、灭绝种 族罪和危害人类罪的辩护经验。 daccess-ods.un.org | For example, this may include experience in the following areas: the defence of those charged with serious and complex crimes at the domestic level, such as terrorism, homicide, manslaughter, trafficking and complex white-collar crimes; the defence of cases with international dimensions, such as those involving international judicial assistance, complex immigration issues or supranational crime; and the defence of those charged with war crimes, genocide and crimes against humanity. daccess-ods.un.org |
应当注意的是，根据安全理事会第 808 号 决议第 2 段编写的联合国秘书长的报告（联合 国 S/25704 号文件，1993 年 5 月 3 日，第 35 段，第 9 页）指出，“列入国际人道主义协约 法的下述公约体现了适用于武装冲突的法律， 并完全成为国际习惯法的一部分：1949 年 8 月 12 [...] 日《保护战争受害者各项日内瓦公约》； 《陆战法规和惯例》（1907 年 10 月 18 日海牙 第四公约）和《公约附件陆战法规和惯例章 [...] 程》；1948 年 12 月 9 日《防止及惩治灭绝种 族罪公约》和《国际军事法庭宪章》 [省去脚 [...]注参考—— 教科文组织秘书处]。 unesdoc.unesco.org | It should be noted that the Report of the United Nations Secretary-General pursuant to paragraph 2 of Security Council resolution 808 (United Nations document S/25704, 3 May 1993, para. 35, p. 9) stated that “[T]he part of conventional international humanitarian law which has beyond doubt become part of international customary law is the law applicable in armed conflict as embodied in: the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 for the Protection of War Victims; the Hague Convention (IV) Respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land and the Regulations annexed thereto of 18 October [...] 1907; the Convention on the Prevention [...] and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide of 9 December [...]1948; and the Charter of the International [...]Military Tribunal of 8 August 1945” [reference to footnotes omitted – the UNESCO Secretariat]. unesdoc.unesco.org |
例如下列情况：禁止酷 [...] 刑公约的一缔约国试图在一项解释的掩盖下把某种类型的酷刑合法化，或者如果 《防止及惩治灭绝种族罪公约 》的一缔约国将公约解释为不包括某些类型的灭 [...] 绝――即使已经有人指出，在这些事例中，这些所谓的“解释”可能被视为保 留，从而可能属于准则 3.5.1 的范围。 daccess-ods.un.org | Such would be the case, for example, if a State party to the Convention against Torture sought to legitimize certain forms of torture under cover of an interpretation, or if a State that was a party [...] to the Convention on the Prevention [...] and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide interpreted [...]it as not covering certain forms [...]of genocide – even though it has been pointed out that, in these examples, these so-called “interpretations” could be considered reservations and could fall within the purview of guideline 3.5.1. daccess-ods.un.org |
安理会关于保护平民的第 1674(2006)号和第 1894(2009)号决议指出，如果一 个深陷冲突的社会或正从冲突中恢复的社会要正视过去的违法行为，并防止其再次 发生，则必须结束有罪不罚现象，而且各国有责任履行其义务，调查和起诉涉嫌犯 有战争罪、危害人类罪、灭绝种族罪 或 其 他严重违反国际人道主义法的人员。 daccess-ods.un.org | Security Council resolutions 1674 (2006) and 1894 (2009) on the protection of civilians state that ending impunity is essential if a society in conflict or recovering from conflict is to come to terms with past violations and prevent their recurrence, and that it is the responsibility of States to comply with their obligations to investigate and prosecute persons suspected of war crimes, crimes against humanity, genocide or other serious violations of international humanitarian law. daccess-ods.un.org |
此外入有负责西撒哈拉问题的秘书长个人特使的咨询人所需资源， 显示 2010 年计划中的磋商和谈判有所增加(76 400 美元)；以及秘书长 防止灭绝种族罪行问题特别顾问的咨询人所需资源，因为计划在 2010 年 开展培训活动以加强该办公室在提高对灭绝 种 族罪 行 的认识方面的工作 (90 200 美元)。 daccess-ods.un.org | Resources for consultants are also included for the Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General for Western Sahara, reflecting the increase in consultations and negotiations planned for 2010 [...] ($76,400), and the Special Adviser to the [...] Secretary-General on the Prevention of Genocide, as a result of the planned training activities for 2010 to intensify the efforts of the office on genocide awareness ($90,200). daccess-ods.un.org |
该法第 15 节列举了适用于其解 [...] 释的一些条约，亦即：(a) 1948 年的《防止及惩治灭绝种族罪公约 》；(b) 1949 年日内瓦四公约及其《第一和第二附加议定书》(1977 [...]年)和《第三附加议定书》 (2005 年)；(c) 1954 [...] 年《关于发生武装冲突时保护文化财产的海牙公约》及其 《议定书》和《第二议定书》(1999 年)；(d) 1989 年《儿童权利公约》及其 2000 年《关于儿童卷入武装冲突问题的任择议定书》；(e) 习惯国际法规则和原则； (f) 各个国际法院和法庭的司法裁判。 daccess-ods.un.org | Section 15 of the Act enumerates several treaties to be applied in its interpretation, namely (a) [...] the 1948 Convention on the Prevention [...] and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide; (b) the [...]four Geneva Conventions of 1949 and [...]Additional Protocols I and II (1977) and Additional Protocol III (2005) thereto; (c) the 1954 Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict, its Protocol and its Second Protocol (1999); (d) the 1989 Convention on the Rights of the Child and its 2000 Optional Protocol on the involvement of children in armed conflict; (e) the rules and principles of customary international law; (f) the judicial decisions of international courts and tribunals. daccess-ods.un.org |
以色列的发言改变不了这样一个事实，即以色列 有着最长、最黑暗的恐怖主义记录，将需要一本百科 全书、一座博物馆和一个档案馆来记录和揭露以色列 在其整个血腥历史上对巴勒斯坦人、叙利亚人、黎巴 嫩人、埃及人、约旦人和其他人民犯下的灭绝 种 族罪、 战争罪和族裔清洗罪。 daccess-ods.un.org | Israel’s statements do not alter the fact that Israel possesses the largest, blackest record of terrorism, which would need an encyclopaedia, a museum and an archive to document and shed light on the crimes of genocide, war crimes and ethnic cleansing carried out against the Palestinians, the Syrians, the Lebanese, the Egyptians, the Jordanians and others by Israel throughout its bloody history. daccess-ods.un.org |
但在其他国家，双重犯罪的原则不适用 (如伊拉克)，或不适用于某些特定犯罪，如酷刑(如喀麦隆)，灭绝 种 族罪 、 恐 怖 主义、海盗罪、危害人类罪、战争罪、生态灭绝、制造或扩散大规模毁灭性武器 及使用被禁止的战争方法(如亚美尼亚、斯洛文尼亚)、资助恐怖主义和洗钱(如 突尼斯)。 daccess-ods.un.org | However, there were other countries where double criminality did not apply (e.g., Iraq) or did not apply with respect to certain crimes such as torture (e.g., Cameroon), genocide, terrorism, piracy, crimes against humanity, war crimes, ecocide, the production or proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and the application of prohibited methods of war (e.g., Armenia, Slovenia), financing of terrorism and money-laundering (e.g., Tunisia). daccess-ods.un.org |
大会在 [...] 2009 年第 213(XII)号决定中要求非洲联盟委员会与非洲人权和人 民权利委员会及非洲人权和人民权利法院协商，研究该法院受权审理灭绝 种族 罪、危害人类罪和战争罪的影响。 daccess-ods.un.org | In its 2009 decision 213 (XII), the Assembly requested the African Union Commission, in consultation with the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights, and the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights, to examine the [...] implications of the Court being [...] empowered to try international crimes such as genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes. daccess-ods.un.org |
该义务尤其可能来源于关于[严重违反国际人道主义法的行为、灭绝 种 族罪 、 危 害人类罪 和战争罪]的国际法习惯性规范。 daccess-ods.un.org | Such an obligation may derive, in particular, from customary norms of international [...] law concerning [serious violations of international [...] humanitarian law, genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes]. daccess-ods.un.org |
在此背景下，罗马教廷承认其它代表团所提如下 看法的重要性，即安全理事会常任理事国应当承诺在 涉及灭绝种族罪、危 害人类罪、战争罪、严重违反国 际人道主义法或类似行为的情况下不投否决票。 daccess-ods.un.org | Against this background, the Holy See recognizes the importance of the view put forward by other delegations that the Security Council’s permanent members should commit themselves to a practice of [...] not casting a veto in [...] situations where genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, serious [...]violations of international [...]humanitarian law or similar acts are involved. daccess-ods.un.org |
刚果议会两院正在审议一项法案，以批准《保护所有移徙工 [...] 人及其家庭成员权利国际公约》、《防止及惩治灭绝 种 族罪 公 约》，以及《保护 所有人免遭强迫失踪国际公约》。 daccess-ods.un.org | The bill allowing the ratification of the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their [...] Families, the Convention on the Prevention [...] and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, as well [...]as the Convention for the Protection [...]of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance were being considered by the two chambers of Parliament. daccess-ods.un.org |
或许没有疑问，这项关于通知加入而非继承(继承不允许保留)《灭绝 种族罪公约 》并且附有对第九条的保留的决定，是出于有关本案的考虑。 daccess-ods.un.org | There can be no doubt that this decision to notify of the accession to the Genocide Convention, with a reservation to Article IX and not succession (where no reservation is allowed) was motivated by the considerations relating to the present case. daccess-ods.un.org |
违反国际人道主义法罪行、灭绝种 族罪 和 其他危害人类罪法》第八章第 17 节规定，无论犯罪行为在何处发生，只要被告(a) 为菲律宾国民；(b) 在菲律宾 境内，无论其公民身份或常住地位为何，或(c) 对菲律宾人实施犯罪，则国家应 对此人行使管辖权，无论其为军人或平民，是涉嫌还是被控实施该法所述的罪行。 daccess-ods.un.org | Under section 17 of chapter VIII of the Act on Crimes Against International Humanitarian Law, Genocide and Other Crimes Against Humanity, the State shall exercise jurisdiction over a person, whether military or civilian, suspected or accused of a crime under the Act, regardless of where the crime is committed, provided that the accused (a) is a national; (b) regardless of citizenship or residence, is present in the Philippines; or (c) has committed the crime against a Filipino. daccess-ods.un.org |
1990 年代中期以来，国家高级法院不得不依据普遍管辖权原则处理大量案 [...] 件，案件涉及在各区域发生的行为和不同类别的重罪，尤其是灭绝 种 族罪 、 酷刑 和其他危害人类罪及战争罪。 daccess-ods.un.org | Since the mid-1990s, the National High Court has had to deal with a significant number of cases based on the principle of universal jurisdiction and involving acts that had taken place in various regions and [...] different categories of serious crimes, in particular genocide, torture [...] and other crimes against humanity, and war crimes. daccess-ods.un.org |
治罪法草案》关 于引渡或起诉义务的第 9 条草案规定，在其领土上发现据指控犯有灭绝 种 族罪 行、 危害人类罪行、危害联合国和有关人员罪行或战争罪行之个人的缔约国有义 务引渡或起诉该个人。 daccess-ods.un.org | Draft article 9 thereof on the obligation to extradite and prosecute imposes an obligation on the State Party in the territory of which an individual alleged to have committed a crime of genocide, crimes against humanity, crimes against United Nations and associated personnel or war crimes is found shall extradite or prosecute that individual. daccess-ods.un.org |
关于 Anatole Nsengiyumva [...] 案，上诉分庭确认对他的判决，认定他犯有杀戮、灭绝 种 族罪 、危 害人类罪(灭绝罪和迫害)，严重违反《日内瓦四公约》及其《第二附加议定书》 [...]共同第 3 条(针对生命的暴力行为)。 daccess-ods.un.org | In respect of Anatole Nsengiyumva, the Appeals Chamber affirmed his [...] convictions for genocide, crimes against humanity [...](extermination and persecution), [...]and serious violations of article 3 common to the Geneva Conventions and of Additional Protocol II (violence to life) in relation to certain killings. daccess-ods.un.org |
将这些考虑因素合在一起，我 [...] 得出的结论是，法院不应当给南斯拉夫联盟共和国加入《灭绝 种 族罪 公 约 》 的通知附加任何法律效果，而应当根据第 [...]34 条所述依法继承的习惯规则对 国家解体情况的适用，将其视为接受该公约的约束”。 daccess-ods.un.org | These considerations, taken together, lead me to the conclusion that the Court should not attach any legal effect to the notification of [...] accession by the Federal Republic of [...] Yugoslavia to the Genocide Convention, [...]and should instead consider it bound by that [...]Convention on the basis of the operation of the customary rule of ipso jure succession codified in article 34 as applied to cases of the dissolution of a State. daccess-ods.un.org |
此外根据《大湖区安全、稳定和发展公约》 2006 年《防止和惩治灭绝种族罪、战 争罪、危害人类罪和一切形式歧视的议定书》 第 12 条，无论嫌犯的公务身份为何，灭绝 种 族罪 、 战 争罪和危害人类罪这一章 的规定均适用。 daccess-ods.un.org | In addition, in accordance with article 12 of the 2006 Protocol for the [...] Prevention and the [...] Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, War Crimes and Crimes against Humanity and All Forms of Discrimination to the Pact on Security, Stability and Development in the Great Lakes Region, the provisions of the chapter on genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity [...]apply irrespective [...]of the official status of the suspect. daccess-ods.un.org |
因此，任何 [...] 人公开否认国家社会主义和共产主义政权犯下的灭绝 种 族罪 及 其 他反人道罪、或 表达任何疑问或暗示其微不足道，都是犯罪，可判处三年以下监禁。 daccess-ods.un.org | Likewise any person who publicly denies the crime [...] of genocide and other crimes committed against [...]humanity by national socialist and [...]communist regimes, or expresses any doubt or implies that it is insignificant is guilty of an offence punishable by imprisonment for up to three years. daccess-ods.un.org |
提及的文书为国际、区域或双边性质，涵盖领域包括海盗罪、灭绝 种 族罪、 国际人道主义法、国际刑法、酷刑、种族隔离、恐怖主义行为、麻醉药品和精神 药物、腐败、洗钱和跨国有组织犯罪、联合国人员及有关人员的安全、强迫失踪、 不适用法定时效、公路运输中的犯罪以及引渡和刑事事项互助。 daccess-ods.un.org | The instruments referred to were of a universal, regional or bilateral nature, covering such areas as piracy, genocide, international humanitarian law, international criminal law, torture, apartheid, acts of terrorism, narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, corruption, money-laundering and transnational organized crime, the safety of United Nations and associated personnel, enforced disappearances, the non-applicability of the Statute of limitations, road transportation offences, as well as extradition and mutual assistance in criminal matters. daccess-ods.un.org |
这些辩护 律师中的某些人正在挑起一场国际活动，企图歪曲、 曲解和公开否认 1994 年发生的针对卢旺达图西族实 施的灭绝种族罪，安全理事会在设立卢旺达问题国际 法庭时已确认它是灭绝种族罪，2006 年同一法庭的上 诉分庭确认它是众所周知的、臭名昭著的事实，审判 分庭必须在司法上给予认知。 daccess-ods.un.org | Some of these defence attorneys are leading an international campaign to misrepresent, misinterpret and openly deny that, in 1994, there was a genocide perpetrated against the Tutsi in Rwanda — a genocide recognized by the Council in its establishment of the ICTR and reaffirmed in 2006 by the Appeals Chamber of the same Tribunal as a notorious fact of common knowledge, of which the Trial Chambers must take judicial notice. daccess-ods.un.org |
框架提出若干问题以引导关键领域的资料收集和分 析，涉及 (a) 民族、族裔、种族或宗教群体的存在和易受害问题；(b) 侵犯这种群 体人权的事件；(c) 国内防止灭绝种族的能力；(d) [...] 是否存在武装反抗力量；(e) [...] 是否存在任何重大的政治、经济等方面的动机趋势政治领袖挑动群体之间的分 裂；(f) 是否已经出现构成灭绝种族罪的要 素；(g) 是否有出现致命弱点的时候； [...]以及 (h) 是否存在某种苗头，决心要摧毁人口中一个民族、族裔、种族、或宗教 群体等问题。 daccess-ods.un.org | The framework asks a number of questions to prompt information collection and analysis of key areas, about (a) the existence and vulnerability of national, ethnic, racial or religious group(s); (b) human rights violations committed against such group(s); (c) domestic capacity to prevent genocide; (d) the existence of armed opposition actors; (e) the existence of any significant political or economic other motivation encouraging political leaders to [...] stoke divisions between groups; (f) [...] whether elements of the crime of genocide are already [...]occurring; (g) whether there are moments [...]of particular vulnerability approaching; and (h) whether there is a discernible intent to commit to destroy a national, ethnic, racial or religious population group. daccess-ods.un.org |
在某些情况下，根据刑法对违反国际法的罪行行使了刑事管辖权(例如比利 [...] 时、埃塞俄比亚)或刑法对这类罪行作出了规定(例如阿塞拜疆、白俄罗斯、比利 [...] 时、喀麦隆、爱沙尼亚、马耳他、荷兰、挪威)，其中包括海盗行为、灭绝 种族 罪、危 害人类罪、在国际或非国际武装冲突中犯下严重违反 [...] 1949 年《日内瓦四 公约》的行为或其他违反国际人道主义法的行为。 daccess-ods.un.org | In some situations, under the codes, criminal jurisdiction was exercised in regard to offences against international law (e.g., Belgium, Ethiopia) or the codes specified such crimes (e.g., Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Cameroon, Estonia, [...] Malta, Netherlands, Norway), for [...] example, piracy, genocide, crimes against humanity, [...]grave violations of the Geneva Conventions [...]of 1949 or other violations of international humanitarian law committed in international or non-international armed conflict. daccess-ods.un.org |
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