| 单词 | 方法学 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 | 方法学 adjective —methodological adj方法学 —methodologySee also:方法 n—methods pl • methodology n • method n • approach n • approaches pl • way n • lever n 方法—methodologies • means 法学—law • legal studies
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生物圈保留地综合监测计划取得的进展包括，通过由德国主办的一个讲习班对社会经济方面 的监测进行方法学研究 ；还在拟订生物和非生物监测方法。 unesdoc.unesco.org | Developments of BRIM included methodological research on socio-economic monitoring, through a workshop hosted by Germany; abiotic and biotic monitoring methodologies were also being elaborated. unesdoc.unesco.org |
在可能的情况下，本方法学基于 CDM 执行理事会批准的“退化土地造林再造 林 方法学” (AR-ACM0001 版本 5.1.0)。 pandastandard.org | This methodology, whenever feasible, is also based on the methodology “Afforestation and reforestation of degraded [...] land”(AR-ACM0001 Version 5.1.0) [...]approved by CDM Executive Board. pandastandard.org |
这一办事处网络将可协助推动在减贫等领域加强区域合作并缩 小发展差距，同时还将促进次区域和整个区域内部及之间加速的和可持续 增长的方法学。 daccess-ods.un.org | This network of offices will assist in enhancing regional cooperation as well as bridging development gaps, including in the area of poverty reduction, and [...] would promote methodologies for accelerated and [...] sustainable growth within and among subregions and the region as a whole. daccess-ods.un.org |
这些研究的方 法学工具 是延伸到社会学中的系统工程。 cigr.org | A methodological tool for these studies [...] was and is systems engineering, with extensions into sociology. cigr.org |
另 有人认为，简单解释性声明与有条件解释性声明的区分是人为的，必然会 在 方法 学方面产生后果。 daccess-ods.un.org | According to another point of view, the [...] distinction between simple and conditional interpretative declarations was [...] contrived and entailed methodological consequences. daccess-ods.un.org |
在学校以外，缔约国应在地方和国家各级就教育政策的各个方面征求儿童 的意见，特别是关于增强教育系统的爱幼性质、正式学习机构和给予儿童“第二 次机会”的非正式学习机构、学校课程、 教 学方法 、 学 校 结 构、标准、预算和儿 童保护制度。 daccess-ods.un.org | Beyond the school, States parties should consult children at the local and national levels on all aspects of education policy, including, inter alia, the strengthening of the childfriendly character of the educational system, informal and [...] non-formal facilities [...] of learning, which give children a “second chance”, school curricula, teaching methods, school structures, [...]standards, budgeting and child-protection systems. daccess-ods.un.org |
根据本方法学的适用条件，在项目情景下非林木植被3 的地上和地下生物质碳储量变化可保守 地假定为零。 pandastandard.org | Under the applicability [...] conditions of this methodology, changes in carbon [...]stock of above-ground and below-ground biomass [...]of non-tree vegetation3 may be conservatively assumed to be zero for all strata in the project scenario. pandastandard.org |
本规范给那些由 JAX-RPC 定义的、用来实现 Web [...] 服务容器添加了额外的构件：基于角色的开 发 方法学 、 可 移植的打包和 J2EE 容器服务对 Web 服务的体系结构。 huihoo.org | This specification adds additional artifacts to those defined by JAX-RPC that may [...] used to implement Web services, a role [...] based development methodology, portable packaging [...]and J2EE container services to the Web services architecture. huihoo.org |
全球机制不是一个金融机构，因此 方法学 坦 率 地讨论这一问 题，以显示全球机制的比较优势。 daccess-ods.un.org | Since the GM is not a financial [...] institution, the methodology addresses this [...]issue frankly in order to show GM’s comparative advantage. daccess-ods.un.org |
政评处不使用标准方法学，它 经常使用独立评价、实时评价、参与式评价、 受益方评价、联合评价和机构间评价以及经验教训和良好做法审评。 daccess-ods.un.org | PDES does [...] not use a standard methodology and makes regular [...]use of independent evaluations, real-time evaluations, participatory [...]evaluations, beneficiary-based evaluations, joint and inter-agency evaluations as well as lessons-learned and good practice reviews. daccess-ods.un.org |
B纳 入新承诺视为主要任务。他还指出，特设工作组还讨论了以下问题，包括：土地 [...] 利用、土地利用的变化和林业；排放量交易和基于项目的机制 ； 方法学 问 题 ；审 议附件一缔约方可使用的工具、政策、措施和方法可能产生的环境、经济和社会 [...]影响，包括外溢效应的信息。 daccess-ods.un.org | He also noted that the AWG-KP has also considered other issues including: land use, land-use change and [...] forestry; emissions trading and the [...] project-based mechanisms; methodological issues; and information [...]on potential environmental, [...]economic and social consequences, including spillover effects, of tools, policies, measures and methodologies available to Annex I Parties. daccess-ods.un.org |
他们在自适应通信系统、软件方法学 和 移动解决方案领域的专业知识已经广泛地应用于汽车、工业通信和其他通信领域。 tuv-sud.cn | Their areas of expertise in adaptive communication [...] systems, software methodology and mobile solutions [...]have been applied in automotive, [...]industrial communication and communication fields. tuv-sud.com |
请附属科学技术咨询机构开展一项工作方案，确定在发展中国家开展的土地 [...] 利用、土地利用的变化和林业活动，特别是与毁林和森林退化驱动因素有关联的 活动，确定相关的方法学问题 ，以估计这些活动引起的排放量和清除量，以及评 [...]估它们对缓解气候变化的潜在贡献，并将调查结果报告缔约方会议第 xx届会 议 daccess-ods.un.org | Requests the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice to undertake a work programme to identify land use, land-use change and forestry activities in developing countries, in particular those that are linked to the drivers of [...] deforestation and forest degradation, to [...] identify the associated methodological issues to estimate [...]emissions and removals resulting [...]from these activities, and to assess their potential contribution to the mitigation of climate change and report on the findings to the Conference of the Parties at its [xx] session daccess-ods.un.org |
(c) 了解如何确保在采用〈2006 年气专委指南〉实行的新的或修订的 方法 学时保 持各时间序列的一致性，特别是在缔约方没有活动数据，无法利用这些方 [...] 法对以前年份清单时间序列的排放量进行估计的情况下。 daccess-ods.un.org | (c) Access guidance on how to ensure [...] time-series consistency when applying [...] new or revised methodologies introduced by [...]the 2006 IPCC Guidelines, particularly [...]in situations when the Party may not have activity data to estimate emissions using these methodologies for earlier years of the inventory time series. daccess-ods.un.org |
科技咨询机构决定继续审议以上第28 段所指方法学指导 意见，同时考虑到 本文件附件二所指要素，以便在第三十五届会议上完成工作，并且向缔约方会议 [...] 第十七届会议报告取得的进展，包括作为建议就这一事项提出的任何决定草案。 daccess-ods.un.org | The SBSTA decided to continue its [...] consideration of the methodological guidance referred [...]to in paragraph 28 above, taking [...]into account the elements referred to in annex II to this document, with the aim of completing its work on these matters at its thirty-fifth session and reporting to the Conference of the Parties (COP) at its seventeenth session on progress made, including any recommendations for draft decisions on this matter. daccess-ods.un.org |
(b) 关于排放量交易和基于项目的机制及 方法学 问 题 ，主席认为，关于这 些问题的决定案文草案大多拟定得不错，并有明确界定的备选办法代表缔约方的 [...] 意见。 daccess-ods.un.org | (b) On emissions trading and the project-based [...] mechanisms and methodological issues, the Chair [...]understands that the draft decision [...]texts on these issues are generally well developed, with well-defined options to represent Parties’ views. daccess-ods.un.org |
制定方法学，指导《公约》附件一所列缔约方( 附件一缔约方)实 施满足以下两方面需要的政策和措施：减少排放的需要；尽量减少对发展中 [...] 国家缔约方的社会、环境和经济不利影响 daccess-ods.un.org | (iv) Establishing methodologies to guide Parties [...] included in Annex I to the Convention (Annex I Parties) in implementing [...]those policies and measures that meet both the need to reduce emissions and the need to minimize adverse social, environmental and economic impacts on developing country Parties daccess-ods.un.org |
过去两年，促进将信通技术应用于教育的主要活动有：(a) 把中小学教科书 和教学材料上载到一个活跃的网站，其中包括 50 种孟加拉语书籍、26 种英语中 学教科书和 33 [...] 种小学教科书；(b) [...] 向师范学院的教师培训员提供培训，教导他 们如何开发数字化内容，以便在课堂上采用基于信通技术的教 与 学方法 ； (c) 向 6 500 名中学教师提供计算机培训；(d) 向 20 500 所学校(包括宗教学校)提供膝 [...]上型计算机和多媒体投影机；(e) 开设 [...]17 个流动计算机实验室，帮助住在边远 地区的学生认识信通技术；(f) 在 20 所普通学校、35 所宗教学校和 20 所师范学 院建立现代化计算机实验室；(g) 在 128 个区建立信通技术培训和资源中心。 daccess-ods.un.org | Major activities promoting the use of ICT in education in the last two years are as follows: (a) Textbooks and education materials for primary and secondary education uploaded in a dynamic website which includes 50 Bangla version books, 26 English version secondary education textbooks and 33 primary education textbooks; (b) Training of teacher [...] trainers from the teacher [...] training colleges on developing digital content to facilitate ICT-based teaching-learning [...]processes in class; (c) [...]Computer training for 6,500 secondary schoolteachers; (d) The supply of laptop computers and multimedia projectors to 20,500 schools and madrasas; (e) The launch of 17 mobile computer labs to orient students living in remote locations; (f) Establishing modern computer labs in 20 schools, 35 madrasas, and 20 teacher training colleges; (g) Establishing ICT training and resource centres in 128upazila. 58. daccess-ods.un.org |
此项目旨在通过综合合作研究、示范和传播活 动来寻求、传播和实施水资源管理的生态水 文 学方法。 unesdoc.unesco.org | The project aims at wide-ranging development, [...] dissemination and implementation of the [...] ecohydrological approach to water resource [...]management through integrated cooperative [...]research, demonstration and dissemination activities. unesdoc.unesco.org |
a) 发现、科学理论和数学方法； b) 美学创作； c) 进行脑力活动、游戏、商业活动、以及电脑程序的方案、规则和方法； d) 资料的表达。 iprcommission.org | a) discoveries, scientific theories and mathematical methods; b) aesthetic creations; c) schemes, rules and methods for performing mental acts, playing games or doing business, and programmes for computers; d) presentations of information. iprcommission.org |
爱生学校举措旨在应对有碍获取优质教育的结构因素 (安全教室空间的供应问题及合格教师的缺乏)和 教 学方法 ( 调 整不符合学生个人 学习风格的传统方法)。 daccess-ods.un.org | CFS initiatives address both structural factors (availability of safe classroom spaces and absence of [...] qualified teachers) [...] and teaching methods (adjusting traditional methodologies that do not cater to students’ individual [...]learning styles) [...]that impede access to quality education. daccess-ods.un.org |
正在全面评估 教育机构的公民教育质量，包括教科书内容和 教 学方 法，同时，正在采用一种新方法来灌输容忍精神和人 [...] 文观点。 daccess-ods.un.org | A comprehensive assessment was being made of the quality of civic education in educational [...] institutions, including textbook content and [...] teaching methods, and new approaches to inculcating [...]a spirit of tolerance and a humanistic [...]outlook were being introduced. daccess-ods.un.org |
监督与评估报告显示，该项目在普及科 学，采用实用的动手学习方法教授 科学和数学，与尼日利亚科学和数学教师协会合作鼓励采 [...] 用创新的教学法，以及对几个州政府施加影响促使它们对本州学校的科学教育给予更有力的 支持方面，起到了推动作用。 unesdoc.unesco.org | Monitoring and evaluation reports suggest that the project has served a useful purpose in [...] popularizing science, in the adoption of a [...] practical hands-on approach to teaching of [...]science and mathematics, in stimulating [...]innovative teaching methods in collaboration with the associations of science and mathematics teachers in Nigeria and in influencing several state governments to provide better support to science education in their schools. unesdoc.unesco.org |
98 93. 从这些事例可以看出若干国家对“国家安全概念”的定义要素； 这 方 面 的法 学家放 弃系统地研究每个法律制度如何试图界定这一概念的范围，并写道：“目前 只需看到：(a) 这个词语既包括外部也包括内部威胁似已得到普遍接受；(b) 各国 政府似不急于对这个词作出准确的定义(更不必说非限制性的定义)，可能是为保 留其行动自由；(c) 这个概念不确切带来的风险经常受到民间社会、甚至有时受 到各国法院的诟病”。 daccess-ods.un.org | Some elements for a definition of the “notion of national security” in a few countries have been found here and there; and, refraining from examining systematically how each legal system has attempted to fix the limits of this notion, the author of that exercise writes: “For the time being, it suffices to note that: (a) it seems generally accepted that the term covers both external as well as internal threats; (b) Governments seem to be in no hurry to give a precise definition (or a non-restrictive definition) of this term in order, probably, to maintain their freedom of action; and (c) the risks arising from the imprecise nature of the notion have often been denounced by civil society and at times even by national courts”.99 94. daccess-ods.un.org |
由于专门机构与研究中心为了对常见概念和 教 学方法 确 定定义而开展合作 和网络沟通，所以，人权教育与培训领域的进展是各级教育机构对教师的初始和在 职培训以及教育和教学法领域的理论和实践研究以及国际人权法造就的产物。 daccess-ods.un.org | Progress in human rights education and training is nurtured by the initial and inservice training of teachers at all educational levels and by theoretical and practical research in the fields of education and teaching methods, as well as international human rights law, thanks to cooperation and networking among specialized institutes and research centres, with a view to producing a definition of common concepts and teaching methods. daccess-ods.un.org |
公司支持环境风险评估科学方法的另一个重要部分是，与行业贸易团体和监管机构合作，推广使用可获得的最佳风险 科 学方法 ， 改 善公众参与流程，以及推行对机构风险评估的独立的专家同行评审。 exxonmobilchemical.com.cn | Another important part of the company’s [...] support of a science-based approach to environmental risk assessment is working with industry trade groups and regulatory agencies to promote the use of best-available risk science, improved [...]public participation processes [...]and independent, expert peer review of agency risk assessments. exxonmobilchemical.com |
援助侧重于以下几个方面： (a)建立符合国际标 准和规范的法律和 政策框架；(b)加强国内机构特别是反腐败机构和刑事 司 法机 关的能力，以便以综合协调的方式有效预防和控制腐败；(c)在公共和私营部 门，包括在公共资源管理方面，增强廉洁和问责制并提高透明度；(d)协助有关 政府机关进行国际合作并在国内和国际范围追回资产；(e)与国际社会成员和联 合国系统成员发展战略性和主题性的合作伙伴关系，以确保技术援助提供工作 的一致性；(f)支助建立网络和平台，使会员国在区域和国际层面进行政策对话 和同侪学习。 daccess-ods.un.org | Assistance focuses on (a) [...] establishing legal and policy frameworks consistent with international standards and norms; (b) strengthening the capacity of domestic institutions, in particular anti-corruption bodies and criminal justice institutions, to effectively prevent and control corruption in an integrated and coordinated way; (c) enhancing integrity, accountability and transparency in public and private sectors, including the management of public resources; (d) supporting relevant Government institutions in international cooperation and the recovery of assets at the domestic and international levels; (e) development of strategic and thematic partnerships with members of the international community and United Nations system to ensure coherency in the delivery of technical assistance; and (f) supporting the establishment of networks and platforms for policy dialogue and peer learning among Member States [...]at the regional and international levels. daccess-ods.un.org |
全球环境基金对沿海区综合管理和加 [...] 强对大型海洋生态系统的管理采取科 学方法 ， 对 管理采取了注重生态系统的办 法，并建设各国的能力，成功地落实各种新的办法和技术(见下文第四.B.3 节)。 daccess-ods.un.org | The use of science for introducing ecosystem-based approaches to management and for building [...] the capacity of States to successfully [...] implement the new approaches and technologies [...]has been applied by GEF to integrated [...]coastal management, as well as to improved management of large marine ecosystems (see section IV.B.3 below). daccess-ods.un.org |
(5) 初期分析根据对残存壳体和内部的目测检查，并运用多个来源的各种模 拟和科学方法，迅 速设定了 15 种可能造成天安舰沉没的原因(弹药库爆炸；油箱 [...] 爆炸；柴油机灾难性故障/失火；燃气轮机灾难性故障/失火；海底水雷；感应锚 雷；触发雷；龙骨下方鱼雷；触发鱼雷；表面爆炸；弹道击中；简易爆炸装置/ [...] 非触发式水雷；中拱/塌陷/焊接故障/材料疲劳破裂；触礁；与潜水艇或其他物 体碰撞)；但是，其中 13 种可能性被排除，焦点转移到外部水下爆炸(感应锚雷 和龙骨下方鱼雷)。 daccess-ods.un.org | 5) Early analysis based on results of visual inspection of the salvage hull and [...] interior as well as [...] various modelling and scientific methodologies from various [...]sources quickly identified 15 possible causes that could have resulted [...]in the sinking of theCheonan (gun magazine(s) explosion; fuel tank explosion; catastrophic diesel engine failure/conflagration; catastrophic gas turbine engine failure/conflagration; bottom mine; moored influence mine; contact mine; under keel torpedo; contact torpedo; surface explosion; ballistic contact; improvised explosive device (IED)/non-contact mine; hogging/sagging/welding failure/material fatigue failure; grounding; and collision with submarine or other object); however, 13 were ruled out and focus shifted to an external underwater explosion (moored influence mine and under keel torpedo). daccess-ods.un.org |
但两个案文之间存在着两处不同：㈠ 国际法学会的决议只涉及武装冲突各 方之间 有效的条约的命运，委员会的草案则应涵盖条约缔约方与武装冲突当事方 之间、以及冲突单一当事国与“第三”国(即未参与冲突的条约缔约国)之间的武 装冲突的影响；㈡ 国际法学会的案文使用了“当然”的说法，而委员会所拟定 [...] 的第 3 条草案用“自动”、再用“必然”加以取代。 daccess-ods.un.org | However, there are two differences between [...] these two provisions: (i) whereas the Institute’s resolution is concerned only with the fate of treaties in force between the parties [...]to the armed conflict, [...]the Commission’s draft is intended to cover the effect of armed conflicts either between parties to the treaty that are also parties to the armed conflict, or between a single State party to the conflict and a “third” State, that is, a State party to the treaty which is not a party to the conflict; (ii) the Institute’s text uses the term “ipso facto”, whereas, in the Commission’s draft article 3, that term was replaced by “automatically” and, later, “necessarily”. daccess-ods.un.org |
英汉双解词典包含2273206条英汉词条，基本涵盖了全部常用单词的翻译及用法，是英语学习的有利工具。