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单词 敌对
释义

对敌 ()

confront
face the enemy

Examples:

敌对性

hostile
hostility

对敌者

rival

See also:

n

enemy n

resist
withstand

External sources (not reviewed)

对这些人口采取敌对措施 包括限制迁徙、限制结婚许可 和强迫劳动。
daccess-ods.un.org
Measures taken against this population include restriction of movement, limitations on permission to marry, and forced labour.
daccess-ods.un.org
申诉人可以回归赤道省,来避免据称由于刚果东 部的可敌对状况所导致的酷刑风险。
daccess-ods.un.org
The complainants can avoid any alleged risk of torture
[...] due to possible hostilities in the eastern [...]
part of the DRC by moving back to the Equateur province.
daccess-ods.un.org
在同一决议中,安理会决定该部队除了根据第 425(1978) 号和第 426(1978)号决议执行任务外,还将除其他事项外,监 敌对 行 动的停止; 在以色列国防军撤出时,陪同和支助黎巴嫩武装部队在整个黎巴嫩南部进行部 署;确保“蓝线”得到尊重,并协助黎巴嫩武装部队确保“蓝线”和利塔尼河之 间的地区没有任何未经授权的武装人员、资产和武器;采取力所能及的一切必要 行动,确保其行动区不被用来进 敌对 活 动 ;应黎巴嫩政府的要求协助其保障边 境和其他入境点的安全,防止武器或有关物资未经其许可进入黎巴嫩。
daccess-ods.un.org
By the same resolution, the Council decided that the mandate of the Force, in addition to carrying out its mandate under resolutions 425 (1978) and 426 (1978), would include,
[...]
inter alia, monitoring
[...] the cessation of hostilities, accompanying and supporting the deployment of the Lebanese Armed Forces throughout southern Lebanon in parallel with the withdrawal of the Israeli Defense Forces, ensuring respect for the Blue Line and assisting the Lebanese Armed Forces in ensuring that the area between the Blue Line and the Litani River is free of any unauthorized armed personnel, assets and weapons, taking all necessary action within its capabilities to ensure that its area of operations is not utilized for hostile activities, and [...]
assisting the Government
[...]
of Lebanon, at its request, in securing its borders and other entry points in order to prevent the entry into Lebanon without its consent of arms or related materiel.
daccess-ods.un.org
这八项原则是:缔约国对于在其
[...]
管辖下登记或开展业务的私营军保公司的军事和安全活动负有责任;私营军保公
[...] 司应尊重法治;私营军保公司要尊重国家主权;缔约国有义务禁止私营军保公司 直接参敌对状态 、恐怖主义行为和违反国际法的军事行动;禁止将国家的固有 [...]
职能外包给私营军保公司,包括使用某些具有过度或过分伤害性的武器;禁止私
[...]
营军保公司及其人员非法取得、占有或贩运武器和弹药。
daccess-ods.un.org
The eight principles are: that the State party bears responsibility for the military and security activities of PMSCs registered or operating in their jurisdiction, respect for the rule of law by PMSCs, respect of State sovereignty by PMSCs, the State party’s
[...]
obligation to prohibit PMSCs from directly
[...] participating in hostilities, terrorist acts [...]
and military actions in violation of international
[...]
law, the prohibition on outsourcing inherently State functions to PMSCs, including the use of certain weapons of a nature to cause superfluous injury or unnecessary suffering and the prohibition on PMSCs and their personnel with regard to illegally acquiring, possessing or trafficking in arms and ammunitions.
daccess-ods.un.org
调 查员的派遣可具有第二重目的;由于以上任务不可 能在战场上完成,他们的工作也可以展示双方的确 已经结敌对。
crisisgroup.org
The dispatch of surveyors has a dual purpose; it would also
[...] demonstrate that hostilities have ceased, as [...]
their work cannot be done in a battle zone.
crisisgroup.org
在卷入国际或非国际性武装冲突,包括占领的情况下,有关各国应采取一切必要的措
[...] 施,使自己的行为符合保护文化遗产的要求,尤其是符合习惯国际法以及有关 敌对 时 期 保 护这类遗产的各项国际协定和教科文组织建议书的原则和宗旨。
unesdoc.unesco.org
When involved in an armed conflict, be it of an international or non-international character, including the case of occupation, States should take all appropriate measures to conduct their activities in such a manner as to protect cultural heritage, in conformity with customary international law and the principles and
[...]
objectives of international agreements and UNESCO
[...] recommendations concerning the protection [...]
of such heritage during hostilities.
unesdoc.unesco.org
尽管该宣言没有专门论敌对时期文化遗 产保护问题,但关于在武装冲突,包括占领的 情况下保护文化遗产的第 V 部分规定各国有义 务使其战时的活动“符合习惯国际法以及有关敌对时期 保护这类遗产的各项国际协定和教 科文组织建议书的原则和义务”。
unesdoc.unesco.org
While the Declaration is not specifically focused on
[...]
the protection of cultural heritage during hostilities, Part V on the Protection of cultural heritage in the event of armed conflict, including the case of occupation provides for the obligation of States to conduct their wartime activities in conformity with “customary international law and the principles and objectives of international agreements and UNESCO recommendations concerning the protection of such heritage during hostilities”.
[...]
unesdoc.unesco.org
外交安全局和纽约警察局于
[...] 2007 年 11 月单方面决定撤去给我团的警察保 护,这不仅为针对我团敌对和挑衅活动提供了便利,也是一种怂恿。
daccess-ods.un.org
The decision taken in November 2007 by the Diplomatic Security Service and the New York Police Department to unilaterally remove the police protection from
[...]
the Mission not only facilitates but is also an
[...] incentive for such hostile and provocative activities against the [...]
Mission.
daccess-ods.un.org
我国政府还理解并赞同对人道主义准入问题的 关切,而且同意这样一项提议,即秘书长报告中所
[...] 述的旨在援助需要人道主义援助者的各种办法,例 如暂敌对行动 、人道主义停火、人道主义走廊、 消除冲突的安排及安宁日,必须量体裁衣,以适合 [...]
每一个冲突的特殊情况。
daccess-ods.un.org
My Government also understands and shares the concern about the issue of humanitarian access and agrees with the proposal that the alternatives stated in the Secretary-General’s report aimed at reaching people in need of
[...]
humanitarian assistance — such as the temporary
[...] cessation of hostilities, humanitarian [...]
pauses, humanitarian corridors, de-confliction
[...]
arrangements and days of tranquillity — must be tailored to suit the particular circumstances of each conflict.
daccess-ods.un.org
该委员会的任务是通过有约束力的仲裁,决定一国政府对另一国政
[...]
府以及一方的国民(包括自然人和法人)对另一方的政府或者另一方拥有或控制 的实体提出的下列两类所有损失、损害或伤害索偿要求:(a)
[...] 与作为《框架协 定及其执行方式》和《停敌对行动协定》主体的冲突有关;(b) 因为违反包 [...]
括 1949 年日内瓦四公约在内的国际人道主义法,或者其他违反国际法的行为。
daccess-ods.un.org
The mandate of the Commission is to decide through binding arbitration all claims for loss, damage or injury by one Government against the other, and by nationals (including both natural and juridical persons) of one party against the Government of the other party or entities owned or controlled by the other party that are (a) related to the conflict that was the subject of the Framework Agreement, the
[...]
Modalities for its Implementation and
[...] the Cessation of Hostilities Agreement, and [...]
(b) result from violations of international
[...]
humanitarian law, including the 1949 Geneva Conventions, or other violations of international law.
daccess-ods.un.org
哥斯达黎加准备促进通过一项决议草案,紧急呼 吁立即停敌对行动 ,建立有效和持久停火,开放所 有边境过境点,并建立各方均接受和遵守的管制与保 [...]
障,以便得以重新返回谈判道路,最终导致建立一个 可行、民主的巴勒斯坦国,与以色列毗邻相处,共同 促进双方人民均希望并应该享有的福祉和发展。
daccess-ods.un.org
Costa Rica is ready to contribute to the adoption of a draft resolution
[...]
that urgently calls for an immediate
[...] cessation of the hostilities, the establishment [...]
of an effective and lasting truce and
[...]
the opening of all border crossings with controls and guarantees accepted and respected by all, so as to allow a return to the path of negotiations that will ultimately lead to the establishment of a viable and democratic Palestinian State, living side by side with Israel and jointly promoting the well-being and development that their peoples deserve and desire.
daccess-ods.un.org
这或者是因为我们没有建立起预
[...] 警机制,或者是因为我们未能对即将发 敌对 行 为 的迹象作出有效的反应。
un.org
Early warning mechanisms either do not exist, or we have not been able to respond effectively to
[...] indications of impending hostilities.
un.org
第四阶段工作组在 A/C.5/52/39
[...] 号文件所载报告中,审查了第三阶段报告公 布的标准,并建对单一敌对行动 或被迫放弃造成主要装备损失或损坏的赔偿必 [...]
须达到损失总额等于或超过 25 万美元(依据通用公平市价)的门槛,而因秘书处 安排的运输导致的主要装备损失或损坏必须超过装备通用公平市价的 10%。
daccess-ods.un.org
In its report contained in document A/C.5/52/39, the Phase IV Working Group reviewed the rates published in the phase III report and recommended that reimbursement
[...]
of loss or damage of major equipment
[...] resulting from a single hostile action or forced [...]
abandonment had to meet a threshold
[...]
of $250,000 (based on generic fair market value) and that loss or damage of major equipment resulting from transportation arranged by the Secretariat had to be more than 10 per cent of the generic fair market value of the equipment.
daccess-ods.un.org
该文还称,美国将“不会
[...] 允许妨碍我国海上力量自由部署和自由通行的情况发 生……也不会允许任敌对势力 试图通过阻断关键的海 上通讯和商务通道来扰乱全球供应链”。
crisisgroup.org
The paper then stated that the U.S. “will not permit conditions under which our maritime forces will be impeded from
[...]
freedom of manoeuvre and freedom of access …
[...] nor permit an adversary to disrupt the [...]
global supply chain by attempting to block
[...]
vital sea-lines of communication and commerce”.
crisisgroup.org
这一不幸的真相使人们采取一种先发制人的态
[...] 势;特别是由于反应时间过短,在发生空 敌对 状 况 时不能经过“人参与”的指 挥和控制结构。
daccess-ods.un.org
This unfortunate truth leads to a pre-emptive posture, especially since reaction
[...]
times would be too short to allow “human-in-the-loop” command and control structures
[...] in the event of space hostilities.
daccess-ods.un.org
然而,政府没有对下列条款提出保留:第 2 条,该
[...]
条责成政府尊重和确保在其领土之内和管辖范围内的所有个人享有《公约》承认 的权利,不得在宗教基础上加以区别;第 20 条,该条责成政府依法禁止煽动民
[...] 族、种族或宗教仇恨,这些构成煽动歧视 敌对 或 暴 力;第 26 条,该条禁止基 于宗教原因的歧视;以及第 [...]
27 条,该条规定成员享有信奉和实践自己的宗教的 权利。
daccess-ods.un.org
The Government did not, however, enter reservations to: article 2, which obliges the Government to respect and to ensure the rights recognised in the Covenant to all individuals within its territory and subject to its jurisdiction without distinction on the basis of religion; article 20, which obliges the Government to prohibit by law the advocacy of national, racial or
[...]
religious hatred that constitutes incitement to
[...] discrimination, hostility or violence; article [...]
26, which prohibits discrimination
[...]
on religious grounds and article 27, which provides for the right of members to profess and practice their own religion.
daccess-ods.un.org
敌对行动 已经结束,但在利比亚的第三 国国民仍有可能遭到任意逮捕和拘留。
daccess-ods.un.org
Despite the end of hostilities, third-country [...]
nationals in Libya remain at risk of arbitrary arrest and detention.
daccess-ods.un.org
敌对势力 视为指责朝鲜民主主义人民共和国发射卫星之“依据”的安全理 事会第 1718(2006)号和第 [...]
1874(2009)号决议,是它们敌视和压制朝鲜民主主义 人民共和国的高压政策的产物,毫无半点合法性可言;它们置举世公认的国际法 于不顾,纯属一派胡言。
daccess-ods.un.org
Security Council resolutions 1718 (2006) and 1874
[...] (2009) which the hostile forces regard as [...]
the “ground” for taking issue with the
[...]
Democratic People’s Republic of Korea’s satellite launch are a product of their high-handed policy for antagonizing and oppressing the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea and the height of illegality; they are faked up at random, disregarding even universally accepted international law.
daccess-ods.un.org
(d) 颁布并执行法律,以禁止基于文化特征的歧视,以及构成煽动歧视敌对或暴 力行为的鼓吹民族、种族或宗教仇恨的做法,同时考虑到公民权利和政 [...]
治权利国际公约第十九条和第二十条,以及消除一切形式种族歧视国际公约第四 条。
daccess-ods.un.org
(d) Promulgate and enforce legislation to prohibit discrimination based on cultural identity, as well as advocacy of national, racial or
[...]
religious hatred that constitutes incitement to
[...] discrimination, hostility or violence, taking [...]
into consideration articles 19 and
[...]
20 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and article 4 of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination.
daccess-ods.un.org
她说,根 据专家研讨会对《公民及政治权利国际公约》第 19 条和第 20
[...] 条间关系所作的结论:《表达自由和鼓吹 构成煽动歧视敌对或暴 力的宗教仇恨》,四个禁止 煽动民族、种族或宗教仇恨的专家讲习班将于 [...]
2011 年在联合国几个会议中心举行(曼谷、内罗毕、圣地
[...]
亚哥和维也纳),她将会在人权理事会 2011 年 3 月 召开的会议上提交有关打击宗教诽谤的第 13/16 号 决议执行情况的报告。
daccess-ods.un.org
As part of the follow-up to the expert seminar on the links between articles 19 and 20 of the International Government on Civil and Political Rights: “Freedom of expression and advocacy of
[...]
religious hatred that constitutes incitement to
[...] discrimination, hostility or violence”, [...]
four expert workshops on prohibition of
[...]
incitement to national, racial or religious hatred would be held in 2011 in several United Nations conference centres (Bangkok, Nairobi, Santiago and Vienna) and she would submit a report, at the March 2011 session of the Human Rights Council, on the implementation of its resolution 13/16 on combating defamation of religions.
daccess-ods.un.org
会 议重申,第一条承诺在任何情况下绝不发展、生产、储存或以其他方法取得或保 有为了将这类物剂或毒素使用敌对 目 的 或武装冲突而设计的武器、设备或运载 工具,以完全和永远排除其使用的可能性。
daccess-ods.un.org
The Conference reaffirms that the use by the States Parties, in any way and under any circumstances of microbial or other biological agents or toxins, that is not consistent with prophylactic, protective or other peaceful purposes, is
[...]
effectively a violation of Article I. The
[...] Conference reaffirms the undertaking in Article [...]
I never in any circumstances to develop,
[...]
produce, stockpile or otherwise acquire or retain weapons, equipment, or means of delivery designed to use such agents or toxins for hostile purposes or in armed conflict in order to exclude completely and forever the possibility of their use.
daccess-ods.un.org
已成为遗留集束弹药的集束弹药的使用方如果并不控 制该领土,则应在现敌对行动 停止后并在可行的情况下,以双边方式或通过双 [...]
方商定的第三方,包括联合国系统或其他有关组织,提供技术、资金、物资或人 力等方面的援助,以便于标示和清除、排除或销毁此种遗留集束弹药。
daccess-ods.un.org
In cases where a user of cluster munitions which have become cluster munition remnants does not exercise control of the
[...]
territory, the user shall, after the
[...] cessation of active hostilities, provide where [...]
feasible, inter alia technical, financial,
[...]
material or human resources assistance, bilaterally or through a mutually agreed third party, including inter alia, through the United Nations system or other relevant organizations, to facilitate the marking and clearance, removal or destruction of such cluster munition remnants.
daccess-ods.un.org
其次,由于所述外国人群体在其居留国与群体成员的国 籍国发生武装冲突时,为国籍国的利益对居留国采取武 敌对 行 动 ,所以这些群 体成员如被驱逐或在驱逐过程中不可能“因其政治意见或宗教信仰害怕受到迫 害”。
daccess-ods.un.org
Secondly, in so far as the group of aliens in question carries out its hostile armed activities in the interest of the State of nationality of its members engaged in an armed conflict with the State of residence, the members of the group who have been or are being expelled cannot “fear persecution for [their] political opinions or religious beliefs”.
daccess-ods.un.org
委员会注意到,缔约国有在全境内保证受教育权利的义
[...] 务,但它强调,学校附近的军事存在大大增加了学生 敌对 活 动影响和遭受非法 武装集团报复的危险。
daccess-ods.un.org
The Committee recognizes the State party’s duty to guarantee the right to education throughout the territory, however it underlines that military presence in the vicinity of
[...]
schools significantly increases the risk of exposing
[...] school children to hostilities and retaliations [...]
by illegal armed groups.
daccess-ods.un.org
a) 和平或战争时代敌对或战 争行为,包括阻击、抗击或防卫实际、迫近或预期的攻击; b) 和平或战争时代使用原子裂变或放射性武力的战争武器; c) 暴动、叛乱、革命、内战、篡夺权力,或者政府当局为阻击、抗击或防卫这类事情发生所采取的行动,检疫或海关条例规定的查封或毁灭, [...] [...]
政府或公共当局命令的查封或没收,禁运或非法运输或贸易的风险; d) 在重新占有或者交还保险车辆之后发生;或者 e) 在美国或加拿大境外发生。
iasdirect.com
Any loss resulting from total loss to the covered vehicle caused by or resulting from any of the following causes are [...]
specifically excluded:
[...]
a) hostile or warlike action in time of peace or war, including action in hindering, combating, or defending against actual, impending or expected attack; b) any weapon of war employing atomic fission or radioactive force, whether in time of peace or war; c) insurrection, rebellion, revolution, civil war, usurped power, or action taken by governmental authority in hindering, combating or defending against such occurrence, seizure or destruction under quarantine or customs regulations, seizure or confiscation by order of any government or public authority, risks of contraband or illegal transportation or trade; d) occurring after covered vehicle has been repossessed or placed in repossession; or e) occurring outside of the United States or Canada.
iasdirect.com
然而,虽然承认向已知或可能征募或利用儿童从 敌对 行 动 的国家出售 武器可能属于其中一项或几项标准所涉范围,委员会仍然感到关切的是,此项禁 [...]
令并未明确列入一项具有约束力的文件中。
daccess-ods.un.org
However, while acknowledging that sale of arms to countries where children are
[...]
known to be or may potentially be
[...] recruited or used in hostilities could fall within [...]
one or several of these criteria, it
[...]
is concerned that this prohibition is not expressly included in a binding instrument.
daccess-ods.un.org
即使假设对“处于非其本国之冲突之一方或占领国手中之人”做广义解释,
[...] 把所述外国人群包括在内,也可以看到上述外国人群不在公约的“被保护人”的 定义之内,因为他们可能由于采取武 敌对 活 动破坏驱逐国(这里为当事人的居 留国)的安全被视为“战斗人员”。
daccess-ods.un.org
And even assuming that a broad interpretation of the words “those (...) in the hands of a Party to the conflict or Occupying Power of which they are not nationals” allows the inclusion in their number of the group of aliens in question, it will be noted that the said group of aliens would not come under the definition of “protected persons” within the meaning of the Convention in so far as they may be
[...]
assimilated to “combatants” by
[...] virtue of their hostile armed activities that endanger the [...]
security of the expelling State,
[...]
which is in this case the State of residence of the persons concerned.
daccess-ods.un.org
丹麦在他们最近一场对阵斯洛伐克的友谊赛中主场1 -3 不 敌对 手 , 而且我们还知道,他们没能从2012年欧洲杯四分之一决赛B组中出线。
sportsbook.dafa-bet.net
Denmark lost 1-3 at home in a friendly match against Slovakia in their last match, and as we all know, didn’t qualify for the Euro 2012 quarter-final from Group B. Even though they beat the Netherlands in their opening game there, they proceeded to lose against both Germany and Portugal.
sportsbook.dafa-bet.net
Ÿ 要求经安全理事会授权的联合国维持和平及其他相关特派团定期提出
[...] 报告,说明已采取哪些具体步骤来确 敌对 行 动 期间的受影响平民得到 保护,以及已采取哪些措施确保追究违反相关国际人道主义法的行为责 任。
daccess-ods.un.org
Ÿ Request regular reporting by United Nations peacekeeping and other relevant missions authorized by the Security Council on concrete steps taken to ensure the
[...]
protection of the civilian population in
[...] the conduct of hostilities and on measures [...]
to ensure accountability for violations
[...]
of applicable international humanitarian law.
daccess-ods.un.org
我们确认联合国维持和平工作在帮助冲突各方结 敌对 行 动方面发挥关键 的作用,赞扬联合国维持和平人员在这方面作出的贡献,注意到联合国维持和平 工作最近几年有所改善,包括在复杂局势中部署综合特派团,并着重指出,启动 维和行动需要具备足以对敌对行动并有效执行任务的能力,为此敦促进一步拟 订关于强化可迅速部署能力、以便在发生危机时增援维持和平行动的提案。
pseataskforce.org
Recognizing that United Nations peacekeeping plays a vital
[...]
role in helping parties
[...] to conflict end hostilities and commending the contribution of United Nations peacekeepers in that regard, noting improvements made in recent years in United Nations peacekeeping, including the deployment of integrated missions in complex situations, and stressing the need to mount operations with adequate capacity to counter hostilities and fulfil [...]
effectively their mandates,
[...]
we urge further development of proposals for enhanced rapidly deployable capacities to reinforce peacekeeping operations in crises.
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