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单词 按立宪治国
释义

See also:

按立

ordination

立宪

set up a constitution

治国

rule a country

External sources (not reviewed)

联合国改革必须 以有效和负责的方式全面、透明、包容和平衡地开展,并 按 照 《 宪 章》 充分尊重联国的政治性质 及其政府间、普遍和民主的特性。
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Reform of the UN must be comprehensive, transparent, inclusive and balanced and pursued in an
[...]
effective and
[...] accountable manner, fully respecting the political nature of the Organisation as well [...]
as its intergovernmental,
[...]
universal and democratic character, consistent with the Charter.
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在目前世界治和经济不稳定的环境下,重 要的是不要忘了,通过共同努力,国际社会能按 照《联合国宪章》所确立的原 则建立一个“更加美 好的世界”。
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In the current
[...] climate of global political and economic uncertainty, it was important to remember that through collective action the international community could create a better world in accordance with the principles of the Charter of the United [...]
Nations.
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按照《国家宪法》 的规定,巴拉圭是一个 治国 家 , 此外,还 立 了 符 合现 代潮流的民主和代表制度,并且完善了政治民主,补充了经济和社会民主的内 容。
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By virtue of its National Constitution, Paraguay is a social State subject to the rule of law and governed [...]
by a democratic
[...]
and representative system consonant with modern doctrines that combines political democracy with elements of economic and social democracy.
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加 拿 大建议布隆迪 (a) 停 止 对 政 治活动和集 会 施 加的一切 限 制 ,并允 许 政按 《宪法》规定登记;(b) 废除限制治集会的 2008 年 10 月 6 日第 530 号部长新命 令;(c) 支持根据《阿鲁沙协议》努力立过 渡 司法程序,尤其要制订 国 过 渡司 法磋商办法,一如安全理事会第 1606(2005)号决议所要求的。
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It recommended that Burundi (a) end all restrictions on political activities and meetings
[...]
and allow the
[...] registration of political parties, as recognized under the Constitution; (b) revoke the new Ministerial Order No. 530 of 6 October 2008 restricting political assembly; and (c) support the efforts to establish the procedures for transitional [...]
justice under the Arusha
[...]
agreements, in particular setting methods for national consultations on traditional justice, as called for by the Security Council in its resolution 1606 (2005).
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缔约国请委员会:注意提交人所陈述的事实和有关情况何等相似;考虑当 时的社会、治以及 安全环境;注意提交人没有用尽所有国内补救措施;注意缔 约国的有关机构已经立了一 种全面的内部解决机制,以便通过符合《联 国宪 章》 以及随后的条约和公约中的原则的旨在实现和平与民族和解的措施,处理和 解决这些来文中所提到的案件;判定上述来文是不可受理的;要求提交人利用适 当的补救办法。
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4.8 The State party asks the Committee to note how similar the facts and situations described by the authors
[...]
are and to take into
[...] account the socio-political and security context at the time; to note that the authors failed to exhaust all domestic remedies; to note that the authorities of the State party have established a comprehensive domestic mechanism for [...]
processing and settling
[...]
the cases referred to in these communications through measures aimed at achieving peace and national reconciliation that are consistent with the principles of the Charter of the United Nations and subsequent covenants and conventions; to find the above-mentioned communications inadmissible; and to request the authors to avail themselves of the appropriate remedy.
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此外还指出:“共国政治宪法承 认土著人民 和社区有按照他 们的价值观、语言和习俗发展他们的文化特性,国家有确保这 些权利的基本责任”。
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It also states that “the Political Constitution of the Republic recognizes the right of indigenous [...]
peoples and communities
[...]
to their cultural identity in accordance with their values, their language and their customs, the safeguarding of those rights being a fundamental duty of the State”.
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在访问期间,工作组发现,非洲人后裔在葡萄牙面临的挑战主要涉及他们 作为一个特定群体在葡萄国家政策 和 立 法 框架中得不到承认;其在历史上对国的建 设和发展作出积极贡献得不到承认;没 按 种 族或族裔分列的定性和 定量的分类数据;贫困、获得教育、公共服务和就业机会不平等,以及在行政 和司法制度运作方面的歧视,形成恶性循环;存在种族貌相和警察暴力;在治和体 制决策进程中代表不足,以及葡萄牙缺少针对非洲人后裔或其他少数群 体的具体措施或扶持行动政策。
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During their visit, the Working Group found that the challenges faced by people of African descent in Portugal related mainly to their lack of recognition as a specific
[...]
group in the national policy and legal framework; the lack of recognition of their positive contribution throughout history to the construction and development of the
[...] country; the lack of qualitative and quantitative disaggregated data by racial or ethnic origin; the existence of a circle of poverty, unequal access to education, public services, employment, as well as discrimination in the administration and functioning of the justice system; existence of racial profiling and police violence; underrepresentation in political and institutional decision-making processes, as well [...]
as the lack of special measures or affirmative action policies in Portugal for people of African descent or other minorities.
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大会第六十四届会议重申在大会本身决定一个非自治领土已经达到《联国 宪章》第十一章规定的充分治以前 ,有关管 国 应 继 续 按 照 《 宪 章 》 第七十三 条(辰)款递送有关该领土的情报;请秘书长继续确保在编写有关领土的工作文件 时从所有现成的公布资料来源充分收集情报;并请特别委员会继续依照既定程 序,执行大会第 1970(XVIII)号决议赋予的任务(第 64/97 号决议)。
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At its sixty-fourth session, the General Assembly reaffirmed that, in the absence of a decision by the
[...]
Assembly itself that a
[...] Non-Self-Governing Territory had attained a full measure of self-government in terms of Chapter XI of the Charter, the administering Power concerned should continue to transmit information under Article 73e of the Charter with respect [...]
to that Territory; requested
[...]
the Secretary General to continue to ensure that adequate information was drawn from all available published sources in connection with the preparation of the working papers relating to the Territories concerned; and requested the Special Committee to continue to discharge the functions entrusted to it under resolution 1970 (XVIII), in accordance with established procedures (resolution 64/97).
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在 2005 年世界首脑会议期间,世界国领导 人 在《千年宣言》中重申这一原则,声明“我们决按 照《宪章》的宗旨和原则在全世界 立 公 正 持久的和 平”(大会第 60/1 号决议,第 5 段)。
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In 2005, during the world summit, world
[...]
leaders reaffirmed
[...] this principle in the Millennium Declaration by stating: “We are determined to establish a just and lasting peace all over the world in accordance with the purposes and [...]
principles of the
[...]
Charter” (General Assembly resolution 60/1, para. 5).
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除了执政的几内亚和佛得角非洲立党 (几佛立党)和 在议会的新民主党之外,其他所有政党坚 按宪 法在 60 天内举 行选举,尽管国选举 委员会对此有顾虑,表示需要更多时间做准备,包括进行 全面的选民登记以更新选民名册。
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With the exception of the ruling African
[...] Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC) and the parliamentary New Democracy Party, the remaining political parties insisted on holding the elections within 60 days in compliance with the Constitution, despite concerns [...]
raised by the National
[...]
Electoral Commission that more preparatory time was needed, including for the conduct of a comprehensive voter registration process aimed at updating the voter register.
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有无设立负责确保实现该项权利的独立审查机构,其构成和 作用以及这些机构执行的方案和采取的措施 最后一项反动决定,即解散国民议会的决定作出后,在 国民的努力下,也迫于国际压力,秘鲁当即召集 立了 制宪议会,并于 1993 年制定颁布了《秘鲁宪法》(《大 宪章》),秘鲁由此转变为一个治国 家 , 迄今已有 18 年,秘鲁也设立了若干独立机构。
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The existence, composition and role of independent review organizations to ensure the fulfilment of this right, as well as the programmes and measures adopted by these bodies There are a number of independent institutions in Peru operating under the rule of law that has been in place for almost 18 years now (ever since the last anti-democratic decision was taken to dissolve Congress, which was immediately followed — thanks in large part to international pressure — by a call for elections to choose the members of the Constituent Assembly that framed the Peruvian Constitution of 1993).
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东帝汶特派团立于19 99年8月31日,目的是组织和进行广受欢迎的、直接的和全体投票,以确定东帝汶人民是否接受在单一的印度尼西亚共 国 内 实施东帝汶特别 治宪 法 框架建议,或者拒绝东帝汶特别自治建议,根据1999年5月5日印度尼西亚和葡萄牙政府与联合国达成的《总协定》使东帝汶脱离印度尼西亚。
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The United Nations Mission in East
[...] Timor (UNAMET) was established on 31 August 1999, to organize and conduct a popular, direct, and universal ballot in order to ascertain whether the East Timorese people accepted the proposed constitutional framework providing for [...]
a special autonomy for East Timor within the unitary
[...]
Republic of Indonesia or rejected the proposed special  autonomy for East Timor, leading to East Timor’s separation from Indonesia, in accordance with the General Agreement of 5 May 1999 reached by the Governments of Indonesia and Portugal and the United Nations.
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国家政治宪法第 410 条规定,宪法是玻利维亚法律制度的大法,高于所有其 他立法规定。
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Article 410 of the State Political Constitution establishes that the Constitution is the supreme law of the Bolivian legal system and takes precedence over any other legislative provision.
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为确保残疾人有权获得国籍和不被剥夺国籍以及确保残疾人 有权自由进出国而采取的立法或 行政措施 在公民基本权利领域,秘鲁的《 治宪 法 》 规定,除了 由于卫生方面的原因、基于法律规定或适用外国法律的 情况外,人人有权选择居住地、进行自由迁徙、离开或 [...]
进入秘鲁境内;同时,任何人的国籍权均不得被剥夺, 也不得被剥夺其在秘鲁共和国境内或境外获得或更新其 护照的权利。
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Legislative or administrative measures taken to ensure the right of persons with disabilities to acquire a nationality and to not be deprived of it, as well as to
[...]
ensure the right In the
[...] chapter on the fundamental rights of the person, the Constitution establishes that every person has the right to choose [...]
his or her place
[...]
of residence, to move freely of persons with disabilities to enter or leave the country arbitrarily throughout the national territory and to leave the country and return, unless he or she is subject to restrictions by reason of health considerations, a judicial order or the application of the Aliens Act.
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国际社 会来说,这也是审视过渡后时期优先支助目标的一个 机会,同时铭记索马里需要大量支持,以制定和实施临 宪 法 , 建 立治 理 机 构, 增强区域行政当局的权能,加强安全部门并筹备选举。
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This will also be an opportunity for the international community to look at priorities for support in the post-transition period, bearing
[...]
in mind
[...] that Somalia will need significant support to develop and implement the interim Constitution, build governance institutions, empower regional administrations, strengthen the security sector and [...]
prepare for elections.
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a) 在联邦或中央立法机构的法律管辖下实施本公约各项条款的国家的联邦或中央政
[...] 府的义务与非联邦国家的缔约国的义务相同; b) 在构成联邦,但无按照联邦立宪制 采取立法手段的各 国 家 、 地区、省或州的 法律管辖下实施本公约的各项条款时,联邦政府应将这些条款连同其关于通过这 [...]
些条款的建议一并通知各个国家、地区、省或州的主管当局。
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(b) with regard to the provisions of this Convention, the implementation of which comes under the jurisdiction of individual constituent States, countries, provinces or
[...]
cantons that are not
[...] obliged by the constitutional system of the federation to take legislative measures, [...]
the federal government
[...]
shall inform the competent authorities of such States, countries, provinces or cantons of the said provisions, with its recommendation for their adoption.
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会议重申,每一缔约国保按照《联 合 国宪 章》 向提出援助请求的任何缔约国提供援助或支持提供援助,如果安全理事会认 [...]
定该缔约国因《公约》遭到违反而面临危险的话。
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The Conference reaffirms the undertaking made by each State Party
[...]
to provide or support assistance in
[...] accordance with the Charter of the United Nations [...]
to any State Party which so requests,
[...]
if the Security Council decides that such State Party has been exposed to danger as a result of a violation of the Convention.
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必须作出协调一致的努力,在国家一级 立 法 治 , 维持 法 治 , 以 及 按 照 国 际 人 权 规范和准则,确保追究对儿童犯下罪行的人的责任,只有这样才能发挥关键的吓 [...]
阻作用。
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Concerted
[...] effort must be made in establishing and maintaining the rule of law at the [...]
national level, as well as ensuring
[...]
that perpetrators of crimes against children are held accountable in a manner consistent with international human rights norms and standards, as this has a critical deterrent effect.
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二) 在构成联邦,按照联邦立宪制无须采取立法手段的各个州、县以及省或行政区的法 律管辖下实施本公约的各项条款时,联邦政府应当将这些条款连同其关于通过这些条 款的建议一并通知各个州、县以及省或行政区的主管当局。
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(b) with regard to the provisions of this Convention, the implementation of which comes under the jurisdiction of individual constituent States, counties, provinces or cantons which are not obliged by the constitutional system of the federation to take legislative measures, the federal government shall inform the competent authorities of such States, counties, provinces or cantons of the said provisions, with its recommendation for their adoption.
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安理会第 1814(2008)号决议呼吁联索治处加 强努力,使 过渡联邦机构能够落实《过渡联邦宪章》的主要规定,即制定宪法、举立宪公民 投票和在 2009 年举行自由、公正的选举,这一选举现定于 2011 年进行(同上,第 65 至 70 段)。
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In its resolution 1814 (2008), the Security Council called upon UNPOS to enhance its efforts to enable the transitional federal institutions to implement the key requirements of the Transitional Federal Charter, namely, to develop a constitution, hold a constitutional referendum and hold free and fair elections in 2009, which are now scheduled to take place in 2011 (ibid., paras. 65–70).
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(e) 全国民主联盟和其他政党及一些少数民族的代表无法切实有效参与真 正的对话、民族和解以及向民主制过渡的进程; 国 的 政 治 进 程 并非透明、包容 各方、自由而公正;起草宪法的既定程序导致事实上将反对派排斥在进程之外; 以及缅甸政府决定在人道主义需求非常迫切的时刻,无视自由公正选举 国 际标 准,在恫吓的气氛中进立宪公民投票
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( e ) The absence of effective and genuine participation of the representatives of the National League for Democracy and
[...]
other
[...] political parties and some ethnic groups in a genuine process of dialogue, national reconciliation and transition to democracy; the fact that the country’s political processes are not transparent, inclusive, free and fair, and that the procedures established for the drafting of the constitution resulted in the de facto [...]
exclusion
[...]
of the opposition from the process; and the decision of the Government of Myanmar to proceed with the constitutional referendum in an atmosphere of intimidation and without regard to international standards of free and fair elections at a time of dire humanitarian need
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欧洲联盟驻科索沃法治特派团(欧盟驻科 治 团 )继 续 按 照 安全理事会主席 2008 年 11 月 26 日的声明(S/PRST/2008/44)和我 2008 年 11 月 24 日的报告 (S/2008/692),在联合国的总体领导下并在联 国 的 中 立 地 位框架范围内运作。
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In line with the Security Council presidential
[...]
statement of 26 November 2008
[...] (S/PRST/2008/44) and my report of 24 November 2008 (S/2008/692), the European Union Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo (EULEX) has continued to operate under the overall authority and within the status-neutral framework of the United Nations.
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如:民族立和国家统一;政教分离;尊重公民权利、自由和保障, 以及工人和工会的权利;普遍、直接、不记名的定期选举作为任命最高权力机 关、区域机构和地方当局任务负责人的形式,以及比例代表制;表达和政治组织 (包括政党)多元化,以及民主反对派的权利;最高权力机关的独立和相互依存: 法院的独立性;地方当局的自主权;以及亚速尔群岛和马德拉的政治和行政治 (《宪法》284 至 289 条)。
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For example: national independence and State unity; separation of the State and churches; respect for the rights, freedoms and guarantees of citizens and for the rights of workers and labour unions; universal, direct, secret and periodic ballot as a form of designation of mandate-holders in organs of supreme authority, regional organs and local authorities, as well as the proportional representation system; pluralism of expression and political organisation, including political parties and the right to democratic opposition; separation and interdependence of organs of supreme authority: independence of the courts; autonomy of local authorities; and political and administrative [...]
autonomy of Azores
[...]
and Madeira (Arts. 284 to 289 CRP).
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此类组织应国家主权、立、团结、领土完整、 治 、 宪 政 式 民主 原则而努力;其章程、方案、思想宣传或开展的其他活动均不得违反《宪法》第 30 条第 7 款、第 37 条第 2 和第 4 款;若违反上述任何一条价值观,则不得附属 于外国组织;不得开展军事或准军事活动或法律禁止的其他任何活动。
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Such associations
[...] 29 will fight for national sovereignty, independence and unity of the state, territorial integrity, rule of law and the principles of constitutional democracy; will [...]
not violate by their
[...]
statute, programs, propaganda of ideas or other activities they undertake Articles 30 para 7 and 37 paras 2 and 4 of the Constitution; will not get the affiliation to foreign organisations if such an undertaking violates one of the values mentioned above; will not undertake military or paramilitary activities or any other activities prohibited by law.
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立法工作体现了墨西哥国家对土著权利与文化领域的国家法律框架协 调工作的关注和承诺,设法把国际法律文书的内容以及《墨西哥合 国 政 治宪 法》 所承认的权利列入有关框架。
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These legislative efforts reflect the willingness and commitment of the State of Mexico to harmonizing its national legal framework with respect to indigenous rights and culture, by incorporating the contents of international legal instruments and the rights recognized under the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States.
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特别委员会确认必须加强会员国和秘书处之间的对话,包括在这个论坛进行 对话按照《联合国宪章》 和本报告 B 节扼述的指导原则,讨论如何提高维护特 派团的实效,包括解决维和特派团的资源需求,使它能够通过作出态势和采取行 动实施威慑,并讨论执行任务规定所遇到的威胁,维和人员的安全保障,以及进 行中的和平进程。
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The Special Committee recognizes the necessity to intensify dialogue among Member States and the Secretariat, including in this forum, on ways and means to enhance the effectiveness of peacekeeping missions, including by addressing the requirement for peacekeeping missions to be able to deter, through the posture they adopt and actions they take, threats to the implementation of mandates, safety and security of peacekeeping personnel, and ongoing peace processes, in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations and the guiding principles outlined in section V.B of the present report.
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如果秘书长(或其代表)从治上做 不到 这点,他有两个选择:一是从四方中退出;二是 向其选民,按《宪章》 语言说的“我们,联国各国人民”,解释清楚他为什么做不到,说明 他为什么仍然留在那个拒绝按联合国法律行事 的四方中。
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If the Secretary-General (or
[...] his representative) is politically unable to do so he has two choices: either to withdraw from the Quartet or to explain to his constituency — ‘we the peoples of the United Nations’ in the language of the Charter — why he is unable [...]
to do so and how he justifies remaining
[...]
in the Quartet in the light of its refusal to be guided by the law of the United Nations.
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如上次报 告(参见
[...] A/55/497,第 19 段和 A/60/71,第 16 段)所详细说明的,安全理事按 《宪章》第七章行事于 1999 年立了联合国东帝 汶过渡行政当局,让其负责管 理该领土并为独立做好准备。
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As previously reported in detail (see A/55/497, para. 19 and A/60/71, para. 16), in 1999
[...]
the Security Council,
[...] acting under Chapter VII of the Charter, established the United Nations Transitional Administration [...]
in East Timor,
[...]
charged with administering the Territory and preparing it for independence, which was attained on 20 May 2002.
daccess-ods.un.org
墨西哥报告,国宪法第 2(A)条第五和第六款规定:承认和保障土著人民及 社区的自决权,从而依宪法自主保护和改善其生境,并维护其土地的完整;按 宪法和 这方面相关法律规定的形式和方式享有土地所有权,以及第三方或社区其 他成员获得的优惠使用或享用其居住地自然资源的权利,但属于宪法所定战略领 域的除外。
daccess-ods.un.org
Mexico reported that article 2 (A), paragraphs V
[...] and VI, of its Constitution state that it recognizes and guarantees the right of indigenous peoples and communities to self-determination and, as a consequence, autonomy to conserve and improve the habitat and preserve the integrity of their lands in accordance with the Constitution; and to have access to the forms and modalities of property of land established in the Constitution and related [...]
laws on the matter,
[...]
as well as the rights acquired by third parties or by other members of the community to the preferential use and enjoyment of natural resources of the places they live in, except for those that are strategic areas according to the Constitution.
daccess-ods.un.org
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