| 单词 | 护国战争 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 | 护国战争 —National protection war or Campaign defend the republic |
举 例而言，这可包括以下领域的经验：国内严重和复杂罪行的辩护，如恐怖主义、 杀人、非预谋杀人、贩运和复杂的白领罪行等罪案；涉及国际层面的案子的 辩护 经验 ，诸如国际司法协助、复杂的移民案、 超 国 家 的 罪行；以 及 战争 罪 、 灭绝种 族罪和危害人类罪的辩护经验。 daccess-ods.un.org | For example, this may include experience in the following areas: the defence of those charged with serious and complex crimes at the domestic level, such as terrorism, homicide, manslaughter, trafficking and [...] complex white-collar [...] crimes; the defence of cases with international dimensions, such as those involving international judicial assistance, complex immigration issues or supranational crime; and the defence of those charged with war crimes, genocide [...]and crimes against humanity. daccess-ods.un.org |
这种立法为以下任何罪行或罪行组合规定了普遍管辖权： (a) 严重违反日内瓦四公约及其《第一附加议定书》的行为(主要是英联邦成员 国)；(b) 1954 年《海牙公约》《第二号议定书》和《 保 护 所 有 人免遭强迫失踪国 际公约》特别规定的犯罪(例如塞浦路斯、日本和荷兰)；(c) 没有条约规定普遍 管辖权的其他违反国际人道主义法行为，如在 非 国 际 武装冲突中实施 的 战争罪 ( 比利时、加拿大、新西兰和菲律宾)以及违反禁止或管制使用某种武器的行为(南 非)；(d) 《罗马规约》第 8 条所列的战争罪(比利时、加拿大、德 国 、 新 西兰和 联合王国)。 daccess-ods.un.org | This legislation provides for universal jurisdiction over any or a combination of the following: (a) grave breaches of the Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocol I thereto (primarily States members of the Commonwealth); (b) crimes specified under the Second Protocol to the 1954 Hague Convention and [...] the International [...] Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance (for example, Cyprus, Japan and the Netherlands); (c) other violations of international humanitarian law where no treaty requires universal jurisdiction, such as war crimes committed in non-international armed conflict (Belgium, Canada, New Zealand and the Philippines) and violations of treaties that either prohibit or regulate the use of certain weapons (South Africa); (d) the war crimes list contained [...]in article 8 of the Rome Statute (Belgium, Canada, Germany, New Zealand and the United Kingdom). daccess-ods.un.org |
中国理解该国因长期战争和贫困面临的特殊困难，但中国相信，在国际社会的支 持下，刚果能够改善其人权和人道主义状况。 daccess-ods.un.org | China understood the special difficulties faced by the country due to protracted wars and poverty and [...] believed that, with the [...]support of the international community, the State would improve its human rights and humanitarian situation. daccess-ods.un.org |
在这方面，各位部长呼吁联合国会员国全面遵守国际人道主义法的各项规 定，特别是1949年8月12日《日内瓦公约》关于 保 护战争 受 害者的规定，以保护 和援助被占领土的平民，同时敦促国 际 社 会和联合国系统相关组织加强给予外 国占领下的平民的人道主义援助和其他援助。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Ministers call upon UN Member States, in this regard, to comply fully with the provisions of the international humanitarian law, in particular as provided in the Geneva [...] Conventions of 12 August [...] 1949 for the protection of victims of war, in order to protect and assist civilians in occupied territories, and urges the international community [...]and the relevant [...]organizations of the United Nations system to strengthen humanitarian and other assistance to civilians under foreign occupation. daccess-ods.un.org |
应当注意的是，根据安全理事会第 808 号 决议第 2 段编写的联合国秘书长的报告（联合 国 S/25704 [...] 号文件，1993 年 5 月 3 日，第 35 段，第 9 [...] 页）指出，“列入国际人道主义协约 法的下述公约体现了适用于武装冲突的法律， 并完全成为国际习惯法的一部分：1949 年 8 月 12 日《保护战争受害 者各项日内瓦公约》； 《陆战法规和惯例》（1907 年 10 月 18 日海牙 第四公约）和《公约附件陆战法规和惯例章 [...]程》；1948 [...]年 12 月 9 日《防止及惩治灭绝种 族罪公约》和《国际军事法庭宪章》 [省去脚 注参考—— 教科文组织秘书处]。 unesdoc.unesco.org | It should be noted that the Report of the United Nations Secretary-General pursuant to paragraph 2 of Security Council resolution 808 (United Nations document S/25704, 3 May 1993, para. 35, p. 9) stated that “[T]he part of conventional international humanitarian law which has beyond doubt become part of international customary law is the law applicable in armed conflict as embodied in: the Geneva [...] Conventions of 12 [...] August 1949 for the Protection of War Victims; the Hague Convention (IV) Respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land and [...]the Regulations annexed [...]thereto of 18 October 1907; the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide of 9 December 1948; and the Charter of the International Military Tribunal of 8 August 1945” [reference to footnotes omitted – the UNESCO Secretariat]. unesdoc.unesco.org |
国家 一 级的成果包括在学校进行地雷/战争遗留爆炸物风险教育、设立伤害监测系统、 提供政策支持和呼吁保护地雷/战争遗 留 爆炸物受害者和其他残疾人的权利，这 些活动都以儿童为重点。 daccess-ods.un.org | Results at the country level included the introduction of mine/explosive remnants of war risk education in schools, the development of injury surveillance systems, and policy support and advocacy for the rights of victims of landmines/explosive remnants of war and other persons [...] with disabilities, with a focus on children. daccess-ods.un.org |
国际基金会根据 1949 年《关于战时保护平民 之日内瓦公约》第 50、第 94、第 108 和第 220 条，力求在所有正在经历或受到危机、冲突 或 战争 影 响 地区 保 护 和 发 展 接受教育的权利，执行《世界人权宣言》，其中规定人人有权利接受教育。 daccess-ods.un.org | Established by Her Highness Sheikha Mozah bint Nasser Al Missned, [...] Education Above [...] All is an international foundation that seeks to protect and foster the right to education in areas that are experiencing or threatened by crisis, conflict or war, in implementation of the Universal Declaration of [...]Human Rights, [...]which provides that everyone has the right to education, and in accordance with the 1949 Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, articles 50, 94, 108 and 220. daccess-ods.un.org |
我认为， 联合国广大会员国若要发挥其作用，维持联合国避 免 战争 和 维 护国 际 和 平与安全 的主要作用，现有的唯一选择就是召开大会并按照大会题为“联合一致共策和平” 的 1950 年 11 月 3 日第 377(V)号决议的精神处理加沙局势。 daccess-ods.un.org | In my view, the only option available to the general membership of the United Nations to play their part of upholding the principal role of the United Nations in averting war and maintaining international peace and security is to assemble and address the situation in Gaza in the spirit of General Assembly resolution 377 (V), of 3 November 1950, entitled “Uniting for peace”. daccess-ods.un.org |
某些挑战尚待应对，例 如以团结全体伊拉克人的方式审查《宪法》；以有助 于维护伊拉 克统一和领土完整的方式解决 有 争 议的 内部行政边界问题，特别是基尔库克的地位问题；以 在多国部队撤出后不使该国出现权力真空的方式向 伊拉克安全部队和平移交安全责任；以营造有利于投 资环境和有助于伊拉克人从本国战略 能 源中充分获 益的方式通过早该通过的油气资源法；以及以提高伊 拉克人民族团结意识的方式就收入分配安排达成协 议。 daccess-ods.un.org | There are certain challenges that remain to be addressed, such as reviewing the Constitution in a way that will unify Iraqis as a whole; settling the issues of the disputed internal administrative boundaries and, in particular, the status of Kirkuk in a way that will help preserve the unity and territorial integrity of Iraq; peacefully transferring [...] security responsibilities to the [...]Iraqi Security Forces in a way that will not create a power vacuum in the country after the withdrawal of the multinational force; adopting the long-overdue hydrocarbon resources law in a way that will create an investment-friendly environment and help all Iraqis to benefit fully from their country’s strategic energy resources; and reaching an accord on income-sharing arrangements in a way that will strengthen the sense of Iraqi nationhood and union. daccess-ods.un.org |
此外，威胁、挑战和改革问题高级别小组的报告（A/59/565）以及秘书长题 [...] 为“大自由：实现人人共享的发展、安全和人权”的报告（A/59/2005）向冲突 [...] 地区和冲突后地区的千百万妇女和女孩提出了一些至关重要的倡议，包括：设立 建设和平委员会；加强对预防冲突的重视；负责 保 护 民 众免遭灭绝种族罪 、 战争 罪、 族裔清洗和危害人类罪；更加有效地保护人权以及加强法治。 un.org | Furthermore, the report of the High-level Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change (A/59/565) and the report of the Secretary-General “In larger freedom: towards development, security and human rights for all” (A/59/2005) proposed a number of initiatives of vital importance to millions of women and girls in conflict and post-conflict areas, including: the creation of a Peacebuilding Commission; increased focus on [...] conflict prevention; the [...] responsibility to protect populations from genocide, war crimes, ethnic [...]cleansing and crimes against [...]humanity; more effective protection of human rights; and enhanced rule of law. un.org |
尼日利 亚还指出，它面临的主要困难是未爆弹药，这一事实反映出《公约》在确保受影 响国家不仅处理地雷还要处理其他 战争 遗 留 爆炸物方面意义非凡。 daccess-ods.un.org | Nigeria also noted that the fact that the main challenge faced by Nigeria concerned unexploded ordnance points to how valuable this Convention is in ensuring [...] that not only landmines are dealt with by [...] affected countries, but that all other explosive remnants of war are dealt with. daccess-ods.un.org |
国家必须尊重和 增进贫困儿童的权利，包括为儿童保 护战 略 和 方案增加和拨出必要的资源，尤其 要把重点放在被边缘化的儿童身上，例如，街头流浪儿童、儿童兵、残疾儿童、 被拐卖的儿童、家庭的儿童户主和生活在收容机构的儿童――所有这些儿童都有 受到剥削和虐待的更大的风险。 daccess-ods.un.org | States must respect and promote the rights of children living in poverty, including by strengthening and allocating the necessary resources to child protection strategies and programmes, [...] with a particular focus [...]on marginalized children, such as street children, child soldiers, children with disabilities, victims of trafficking, child heads of households and children living in care institutions, all of whom are at a heightened risk of exploitation and abuse. daccess-ods.un.org |
该法律也禁止制作、 复制、存储、展示、美化或传播旨在煽动、鼓励或散布仇恨或反对公民自由隶属 [...] 的不容忍、种族、民族或宗教仇恨或不容忍或者宣传或维护新纳粹和法西斯的思 想和组织或以某种其他方式危害公共秩序的宣传材料、符号或节目，禁止制作、 [...] 复制、储存、展示或传播或以任何其他形式使用有助于宣传或 维 护 被 判犯 下 战争 罪的人的思想、活动或行动的符号。 daccess-ods.un.org | The law also prohibits the production, copying, storage, presentation, glorification or dissemination of promotional material, symbols or features which incite, encourage or spread hatred or intolerance against free affiliations of citizens, racial, national or religious hatred or intolerance, propagate or justify neo-Nazi and fascist ideas and organizations or jeopardize the public order in some other way, as well as the production, copying, storage, presentation or dissemination or any [...] other form of using symbols promoting or justifying the ideas, [...] activities or actions of persons convicted of war crimes. daccess-ods.un.org |
在从结构方面预防冲突和 建设和平文化范围内编写了《非洲法 语 国 家 应用的历史教材一览：中小学教育实例》这份材 料提出了解除非洲历史教学武装的工作思路，做到课程设置进一步强调会聚融合的历史因素 而非战争事实。 unesdoc.unesco.org | Drawn up in the context of the structural prevention of conflicts and the construction of a culture of peace, the critical inventory [...] of history textbooks [...] in use in French-speaking Africa: primary and secondary education offers pointers for disarming the teaching of history in Africa so that curricula place more emphasis on historical factors of convergence than on acts of war. unesdoc.unesco.org |
塔 吉克斯坦还报告说，该国正在 筹备对受地雷影响地区的地雷和其 他 战争 遗 留 爆炸 物受害者进行一次需求评估，主要目的是为了建立一个有效的受害者信息系统， 该系统符合排雷行动信息管理系统的标准，将成为地区和州两个层面系统和可靠 的机制。 daccess-ods.un.org | In addition, Tajikistan reported that it is [...] preparing to conduct a needs assessment of landmine and other ERW victims in mine affected districts with the main goal being to [...]establish a functional [...]victim information system (VIS), which would comply with the Information Management System for Mine Action (IMSMA) standards and become a systematic and reliable mechanism at the district and oblast level. daccess-ods.un.org |
我们认为任何企图修改 1941-1945 年伟大的卫国战争胜利的历史意义和第二 次世界大战的结果以及歪曲对这段时期评价的做法都是不可接受的。 daccess-ods.un.org | We consider unacceptable any attempts to revise the [...] historical significance of the victory in [...] the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 and [...]the outcome of the Second World War, or [...]to distort the assessment of that period. daccess-ods.un.org |
国 际 人道主义法——特别 是1949 年关于保护战争受害者的四项日内瓦公约及其 1977 年的两项附加议定书 ——是与武装冲突期间保护妇女和女童问题最相关的法律领域。 un.org | International humanitarian law, in [...] particular the four Geneva [...] Conventions of 1949 for the protection of victims of war and their two Additional [...]Protocols of 1977, is [...]the area of law of primary relevance to the protection of women and girls during armed conflict. un.org |
因此，我们敦请各方要怀着万分崇敬的心情缅怀为祖国自由和独立而 捐躯者；要不断地尽心保存和维护军 人 墓地、纪念标志、纪念碑和方尖纪念碑以 及游击队员、地下战斗人员和法西斯营地受害者之墓；要加紧搜寻伟大 卫 国战争 中死 于法西斯侵略者之手的士兵和平民的遗骸。 daccess-ods.un.org | We therefore urge that the memory of those who died for the freedom and independence of their homeland should be held sacred; that constant care should be taken to duly preserve and maintain military grave sites, memorials, monuments and obelisks, as well as the graves of partisans, underground fighters and prisoners of fascist camps; and that the search should be intensified for the remains of soldiers and civilians who died at the hands of fascist invaders during the Great Patriotic War. daccess-ods.un.org |
这些步骤包 括：维持和平行动部(维和部)和人道主义事务厅委托 进行独立研究；维和部散发“行动构想”及“关于经 验教训的说明”文件；经常性地将保护平民任务纳入 联合国维持 和平行动的任务规定；在秘书长报告中更 加连贯一致而有系统地考虑保护平民问题；将关于保 护平民问题的若干段落显著地列入维持和平行动特 别委员会的 2010 年建议中(见 A/64/19)，包括制定全 特派团保护战略的战略框架；编制关于保护平民的培 训单元；评估执行保护任务所需的资源。 daccess-ods.un.org | These include the independent study commissioned by the Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO) and the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs; the operational concept and the lessons learned note circulated by DPKO; and the regular inclusion of protection of civilians [...] tasks in the mandates [...] of United Nations peacekeeping operations; the more consistent and systemic consideration of protection of civilians issues in the Secretary-General’s reports; the significant inclusion of several paragraphs on the protection of civilians in the 2010 recommendations of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations (see A/64/19), including the development of a strategic framework for mission-wide protection strategies; the elaboration of protection of civilians [...]training modules; [...]and an assessment of the resource requirements for implementing protection mandates. daccess-ods.un.org |
安全理事会将通过的关于停止对加沙的侵略和 战争的决 议必须重申，必须在真正和有效 的 国 际监 督下继续推动政治进程，以确保将在 1967 年边界内 建立以圣城为首都的独立巴勒斯坦国，根据 1948 年大会第 194(III)号决议找到巴勒斯坦难民问题 的公正和商定解决办法，并释放所有被关押者和囚 犯。 daccess-ods.un.org | The resolution to be adopted by the Security [...] Council on the cessation of [...] aggression and war against Gaza must reiterate the need for the political process to continue under genuine and effective international [...]supervision [...]in order to ensure that an independent Palestinian State will be created within the 1967 borders and with Al-Quds Al-Sharif as its capital; that a just and agreed solution will be found to the issue of Palestinian refugees in accordance with General Assembly resolution 194 (III) of 1948; and that all detainees and prisoners will be released. daccess-ods.un.org |
特别报告员在第三章中详细说明了印度人权维护者目前在开展合法活动时所 面临的挑战，包括争取经济、社会和文化权利的人权 维 护 者 、 受安全立法和军事 化影响的人权维护者、知情权活动分子、记者、女性人权 维 护 者 和 争取妇女与儿 童权利的人权维护者、争取边缘化群体权利的人权 维 护 者 、争取宗教少数群体权 利的人权维护者、追究对族裔屠杀的责任的人权维护者、以及检测边界地区的侵 犯人权行为的人权维护者所面临的挑战。 daccess-ods.un.org | In chapter III, the Special Rapporteur details the current challenges faced by human rights defenders in India in their legitimate activities, including by defenders working on economic, social and cultural rights; defenders affected by security legislations and militarization; right to information [...] activists; journalists; women defenders [...]and defenders working on women and child rights; defenders working for the rights of marginalized people; defenders working for religious minorities; defenders seeking accountability for communal pogroms; and defenders monitoring violations on border areas. daccess-ods.un.org |
然而，一些人认为，如果看一下在民防部队案(使用正 义 战争 必 要性 辩 护 的案 件)的判决和量刑中塞拉利昂法官的反对意见，就会发现在塞拉利昂问题特别法庭 中纳入塞拉利昂法官产生了利弊参半的结果。 daccess-ods.un.org | It has, however, been argued by some that including Sierra Leonean judges in the Special Court is a mixed bag, if one looks at the Sierra Leonean judges’ dissenting opinions in the judgments and sentences in the CDF case — the case of those using a just war necessity defence. daccess-ods.un.org |
我们重申，指导联合国的宗旨和原则，除其他外，包 括维护国际和 平与安全，在尊重各国人民平等权利和自决原则的基础上发展国家 之间的友好关系，采取其他适当措施加强世界和平，并为此目的决心采取有效集 体办法，以防止且消除对于和平之威胁，制止侵略行为或其他和平之破坏，并以 和平方法且依正义及国际法之原则，调整或解决足以破坏和平 之 国 际 争 端 或情 势。 pseataskforce.org | We reaffirm that the purposes and principles guiding the United Nations are, inter alia, to maintain international peace and security, to develop friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principles of equal rights and selfdetermination of peoples and to take other appropriate [...] measures to strengthen [...] universal peace, and to that end we are determined to take effective collective measures for the prevention and removal of threats to the peace and for the suppression of acts of aggression or other breaches of the peace, and to bring about by peaceful means, in conformity with the principles of justice and international law, the adjustment or settlement of international disputes or situations that might lead to a breach of the peace. pseataskforce.org |
这种影响包括：通过利用核技术更有效地 确定最佳施用量和最佳时机，实现了肥料节省；通过突变辅助作物育种技术培育出产 [...] 量更高、抗病和耐旱的粮食和经济作物；利用核技术评定土地退化和土壤侵蚀，为实 施土壤养护战略提 供了支持；广泛利用各种技术 对 国 家 牲 畜接种计划的有效性进行了 监测；创建无果蝇区，从而带来了粮食增产、出口市场准入和更好就业机会的效益。 daccess-ods.un.org | It includes: savings in fertilizer use made possible through the use of nuclear techniques to more effectively determine optimal application and timing; higher yielding, disease and drought resistant food and industrial crops through mutation assisted plant breeding techniques; use of nuclear techniques to assess land degradation [...] and [...] soil erosion in support of soil conservation strategies; widespread use of technologies [...]to monitor the effectiveness of national livestock vaccination [...]programmes, and; the creation of fruit fly free areas that have brought benefits of increased food production, access to exports markets and better employment opportunities. daccess-ods.un.org |
英汉双解词典包含2273206条英汉词条，基本涵盖了全部常用单词的翻译及用法，是英语学习的有利工具。