| 单词 | 总体经济学 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 | 总体经济学 —macroeconomics (Taiwan)See also:经济学 n—economics n 经济学—economics (as a field of study) 经济 adj—economic adj • financial adj 经济体 pl—economies pl
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除基础课程外，特有课程包括公共卫生、政治、环境、教育、社会运动、 科 学 、 商 务、 体育和文化等方面的报道、媒体管理、 媒 体经济 和 媒 体法律。 unesdoc.unesco.org | Specific courses include, in addition to foundation courses, covering public health, [...] politics, environment, [...] education, social movement, science, business, sport and culture, media management, media economics and media law. unesdoc.unesco.org |
因此，我们大家应当认识到，唯一的解决办法 只能是由叙利亚人自己来解决问题，开展全面、包 容和满足叙利亚人民愿望的叙利亚政治进程，开展 在祖国的总体范围 内人人都可参与的全民对话，来 建立一个民主、多元、在法律面前人人平等、不存 在任何政治或意识形态倾向的国家；一个人人不受 歧视地拥有政治和经济机会 的国家；一个能够象其 它国家一样，举行人人均可参与竞选的民主、透明 和自由选举的国家。 daccess-ods.un.org | Consequently, it is incumbent upon all of us to realize that the only solution must be a Syrian solution through a comprehensive and inclusive Syrian political process that satisfies the aspirations of the Syrian people in a national [...] dialogue in which all [...] participate under the umbrella of the homeland in order to establish a democratic, pluralistic country where all enjoy equality before the law, far from any political or ideological tendencies, a State where political and economic opportunities are available [...]to each and everyone [...]without discrimination, where there are democratic, transparent and free elections in which all compete, as is the case in other countries. daccess-ods.un.org |
科学报告》受到著名国际 [...] 新闻期刊的高度赞扬，它对全世界的科学现状进行了观察，并突出强调了新 兴 经济体 国 家日 益增长的科学能力 ，反映出科学投入的天平发生改变，科学能力从北美、欧洲和日本转移。 unesdoc.unesco.org | The Science Report, which was acclaimed in prestigious international news journals, takes stock of the state of science around the world and [...] highlights the increasing scientific capability [...] in countries with emerging economies, reflecting a shift in the [...]balance of [...]investment in science and hence scientific capability, away from North America, Europe and Japan. unesdoc.unesco.org |
迄今采用的基准有：(a) [...] 2008 年后通过的企业风险管理正 式政策；(b) 在协理署长主持下积极开展工作的企业风险管理委员会；(c) 开发 署开展企业风险管理的正式执行战略；(d) 为工作人员提供的企业风险管理政策 和工具包专项培训；(e) 有通过报告渠道确定、报告和逐级上报相关风险的明确 程序，以便将风险提交企业风险管理委员会审议；(f) 有监测和跟踪企业风险日 志的专项资源；(g) 为上报和审查局部和总体风险 建立强有力的系统；(h) 逐步 整合了解风险和注重成果的部门工作规划和报告程序；(i) 按计划定期审查企业 风险管理政策和做法；以及(j) 在开发署企业风险管理经验的基础上促进机构间 经验交流和学习。 daccess-ods.un.org | The benchmarks adopted so far include: (a) adoption of a formal ERM policy since 2008; (b) an active enterprise risk management committee chaired by the Associate Administrator; (c) a formal implementation strategy for the adoption of ERM in UNDP; (d) dedicated training of staff on the policies and toolkits for ERM (e) clear procedures for the identification, reporting and escalation of relevant risks through the reporting lines for consideration by the ERM committee; (f) dedicated resources for monitoring of and follow up on the corporate risks log; (f) an enabling system for the [...] reporting and review of unit-level [...] and corporate risk; (h) progressively integrated risk-informed and results-based unit work-planning and reporting processes; (i) a planned and periodic review of ERM policies and practices; and (j) contributions to inter-agency experience exchange and learning based on the ERM experiences of UNDP. daccess-ods.un.org |
在这方面缺乏透明度可能会导致：(a) 破坏对个 别公共当局及政府和国家机构总体的信任和政治支持，从而危及到公共干预措施 的有效性，并可能带来政治不稳定的危险；(b) 引发大幅度的财富再分配，其方 式不仅不公平，而且可能在某些情况下还是非法的；它会助长寻租行为，不利于 公平竞争，并且会为总体的效率、创新和竞争力提供错误的激励；(c) 延续不合 时宜的做法和政治机构，包括拉拢收买、腐败和任由特定的行业或集团绑架公共 政策，从而延迟国家机构的现代化，从长远来看会阻碍 整 体 的 经济 、 社 会和政治 发展。 daccess-ods.un.org | A lack of transparency in that respect might (a) undermine trust and political support for individual public authorities and Government and State institutions in general, thus endangering the efficacy of public interventions and risking political instability; (b) provoke significant redistributions of wealth in ways that not only are unfair and, in some cases, possibly illegal, but also favour rent-seeking behaviour, act against fair competition [...] and provide the wrong incentives for efficiency, innovation and competitiveness in general; [...] and (c) prolong outdated practices and political institutions, including co-optation, corruption and the capture of public policies by specific industries or groups, delaying the modernization of State institutions and impeding overall economic, social and political development over the longer term. daccess-ods.un.org |
其中 包括生活在贫困线以下、基本需求得不到满足的人口 [...] 比例，尤其是在对照在注重增长的宏观经济政策范围 内所取得的总体经济收获的情况下。 daccess-ods.un.org | Amongst these is the proportion of the population living below the basic needs poverty line, [...] particularly when considered against the gains [...] achieved in the overall economy through a growthoriented [...]macroeconomic policy framework. daccess-ods.un.org |
总体经济增长 依然是预测 减少贫穷的唯一最重要指标，也是社会凝聚的主要促进因素，其途径是鼓励合作 以及创新和学习，以及加强公共部门交付社会服务和保护弱势的能力。 daccess-ods.un.org | Aggregate economic growth still remains the single most significant predictor of poverty reduction, and a key contributor to social solidarity — by encouraging cooperation as well as innovation and learning, and strengthening [...] the capacity of the [...]public sector to deliver social services and protect the vulnerable. daccess-ods.un.org |
经社会在总体上核可了“次级方案概述：与亚洲及太平洋包容性可持 续经济和社 会发展相关的各种问题和挑战”中关于贸易和投资的第二部分内 所载的各项相关建议(文件 E/ESCAP/68/2)。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Commission endorsed in general the [...] recommendations as contained in section II, trade and investment, of the subprogramme overview: Issues and challenges related to inclusive and sustainable economic and social development [...]in Asia and the Pacific (E/ESCAP/68/2). daccess-ods.un.org |
考虑到上述钻石产区的地理位置和专家组 的 总体 意 见 ，即前新生力量的基 本经济结构 ，特 别是仍受区指挥官影响的那些地区的基本经济结构在某种程度上 依然未变，可以推断，就像未获许可开采钻石的非科特迪瓦个人和实体一样，这 [...] 一“结构”或这一结构的构成部分将继续从钻石收入中获益。 daccess-ods.un.org | Taking into account the aforementioned geographical location of the diamond areas [...] and the Group’s overall view that the basic economic structure of the former [...]Forces nouvelles, [...]in particular in those areas that continue to be under the influence of zone commanders, remains somewhat intact, it can be contemplated that this structure, or elements of this structure, continue to benefit from diamond revenues, as do non-Ivorian individuals and entities who remain unlicensed. daccess-ods.un.org |
f） 重申积极参与基础空间科学所需要的电子通信带宽，即是 科 学 合 作的重要促动因素，同时也是发展中 国家社会经济总体发展的重要手段。 neutrino.aquaphoenix.com | (f) Reiterated that the electronic communications bandwidth required for active participation in basic space science [...] represented an important [...] stimulus for scientific collaboration, but at the same time was an important tool for the general socio-economic development of [...]developing countries. neutrino.aquaphoenix.com |
为改变这一状况并履行其国际承诺，除促进妇女基本权利 的 总体 法 律 框架 之外，还补充了教育、卫生、司法、就业 和 经济 领 域 的其他促进妇女发展的法律 和法规文件。 daccess-ods.un.org | In order to address this situation and meet [...] international commitments, the general legal framework promoting women’s basic rights has been strengthened by further laws and regulations [...] contributing to their development specifically in the areas of education, health, justice, employment and the economy. daccess-ods.un.org |
法规规定成立国家环境理事会，该机构由高级官员组成，由环境部的行 政首长担任主席，包括负责土地、矿业资源、农业、渔业或林业、卫生、旅 游、斐济事务等各部的行政首长，土著土地托管委员 会 总经 理 ， 地方政府协 会主席，非政府组织的一名代表，一 名 学 术 界 人士，以及商业界和制造业的 两名代表。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Act provides for the establishment of the National Environment Council, a body of senior officials chaired by the Chief Executive Officer, Ministry for the Environment, the Chief Executive Officers for the Ministries responsible for land, mineral resources, agriculture, [...] fisheries or forests, [...] Health, Tourism, Fijian Affairs, the General Manager of the Native Land Trust Board, the President of the Local Government Association, a representative of non-governmental organizations, an academic, and two representatives [...]of the business [...]community, and manufacturing industries. daccess-ods.un.org |
这种挑战是要制定能够满足不同目标 群 体 的 需 求计划，让他们适应知识产权 跨学科的特征，即法律与公共政策、 经济学 、 商 业与技术。 wipo.int | The challenge is to design programs that suit the [...] requirements of [...] different target groups while accommodating the interdisciplinary nature of IP, i.e., law and public policy, economics, business and technology. wipo.int |
此外，摩尔多瓦 尤为关注经济学方面 的研究，特别是在完善财政制度和货币制度及其对 实 体经济 的导 向作用、建立经济增长机制、完善居民社会保障体系，以及建立经济和社会 后果分析模型方面的研究。 daccess-ods.un.org | Special attention was given to the research in [...] the field of economy, especially improvement of the financial and monetary system and its orientation towards the real economy, development [...]of economic growth mechanisms, and [...]improvement of the population’s social protection systems, modelling of the economic and social consequences. daccess-ods.un.org |
本次级方案将继续同以下方 [...] 面协商和密切合作：参与可持续发展委员会的联合国专门机构、方案和基金以及 [...] 关注采矿、能源和水资源的其他组织，包括拉丁美洲能源组织、拉丁美洲采矿组 织、拉丁美洲议会、南美洲区域基础设施 一 体 化 倡 议、美洲国家组织美洲港务委 员会、海事经济学家国 际协会、中美洲海运委员会以及包括世界银行、美洲开发 银行、安第斯开发公司和美洲水和卫生监管机构协会、加勒比共同体以及中美洲 [...] [...]项目在内的多边和双边组织。 daccess-ods.un.org | The subprogramme will continue to consult and work in close collaboration with the specialized agencies, programmes and funds of the United Nations system that participate in the Commission on Sustainable Development and with other organizations concerned with the areas of mining, energy and water resources, including the Latin American Energy Organization, the Latin American Mining Organization, the Latin American Parliament, and the Initiative for the Integration of Regional Infrastructure in South America, the [...] Committee on Ports of the [...] OAS, the International Association of Maritime Economists, the Central American Commission on Maritime [...]Transport, and bilateral [...]and multilateral organizations such as the World Bank, IDB, the Andean Development Corporation, the Association of Water and Sanitation Regulatory Entities of the Americas, the Caribbean Community and the Mesoamerica Project. daccess-ods.un.org |
本文件载有总干事 根据关于由教科文组织赞助的机构和中心（第 2 类） 的建立和运作问题的原则和指导方针以及大会后来在第三十五届会议上批准 的全面综合战略（第 35 C/103 号决议）评估在意大利都灵建立由教科文组织 赞助的文化经济学与世 界遗产研究国际研究中心（第 2 类）之建议可行性的 报告，附件中则载有教科文组织与意大利政府关于拟建中心的协定草案建议 中不同于协定范本（见 35 C/22 号文件及其更正件）的条款。 unesdoc.unesco.org | The present document contains the report by the Director-General assessing the feasibility of the proposal for the establishment of the International Research Centre on the Economics of Culture and World Heritage Studies in Turin (Italy), as a category 2 centre under the auspices of UNESCO – in accordance with the principles and [...] guidelines regarding the establishment and operation of UNESCO institutes and centres under the auspices of UNESCO (category 2) and with the subsequent integrated comprehensive strategy approved by the General Conference of UNESCO at its 35th session (35 C/Resolution 103), together with an annex containing such provisions of the proposed [...]draft agreement between UNESCO and the Government of Italy concerning the proposed Centre as deviate from the model agreement (see documents 35 C/22 and Corr.). unesdoc.unesco.org |
教育是国际社会促进和平、安全、尊重人权、民主原则、公民的参与意 识、总体经济发展 和人类发展的核心工作。 unesdoc.unesco.org | Education is at the heart of the international effort to promote peace, security, [...] respect for human rights, democratic principles, [...] participatory citizenship, economic and human development, [...]in general. unesdoc.unesco.org |
虽然外国直接投资水平 的上升是由于加强了南南贸易以及巴西、中国和印度等新兴经济体一路领先的南 方新兴经济体国家之间的投资流动，但分析家们注意到“非洲雄狮”的崛起，即 博茨瓦纳、埃及、利比亚、毛里求斯、摩洛哥、南非和突尼斯(阿拉伯之春前)等 高增长非洲经济体，这 些国家以人均国内生 产 总 值 水 平来衡量，2008 年以来都超 过了巴西、俄罗斯、印度和中国(金砖四国)。 daccess-ods.un.org | While the rise in FDI levels is attributable to the intensification of South-South trade and investment flows among southern countries with emerging economies such as Brazil, China and India leading the way, analysts have noted the rise of “African lions”, highperforming African economies such as Botswana, Egypt, Libya, Mauritius, Morocco, South Africa and Tunisia (before the Arab Spring) that have outperformed Brazil, the Russian Federation, India and China (the BRIC countries) since 2008 as measured in terms of per capita GDP levels. daccess-ods.un.org |
回顾高级代表上次报告(见 S/2011/682)以来的 六个月，我们的总体结论是，虽然仍有理由对波斯尼 亚和黑塞哥维那的重要政治和经济进 程 的进展速度 感到关切，但也出现了重要和令人鼓舞的事态发展。 daccess-ods.un.org | Reflecting on the past six months since the last report of the High Representative [...] (see S/2011/682), our general conclusion is that while there are still reasons for [...] concern with the pace of progress of important political and economic processes in Bosnia and Herzegovina, there have also been [...]important and encouraging developments. daccess-ods.un.org |
零售行业效率的提升将对其他产业领域产生 影响，更好地协调供需，进而改善 总体经济 的 效 率。 mckinseychina.com | More efficient retail will affect [...] other sectors, creating better coordination between supply and demand that improves [...] efficiencies for the overall economy. mckinseychina.com |
包括在教育、安全、体制建设和环境等领域以 及 总体经济 和社 会权利在内的这些成就，是在文莱达鲁萨兰国长期发展计划的框架内并且根 [...] 据联合国的标准而取得的，目的是实现“千年发展目标”。 daccess-ods.un.org | Such achievements, including in the areas of education, [...] security, institution building and the [...] environment, as well as economic and social rights [...]generally, were made within the framework [...]of Brunei Darussalam’s long term development plans and in accordance with United Nations standards, with the aim of fulfilling the Millennium Development Goals. daccess-ods.un.org |
目前继续监测不断上涨的粮食价格以 及 总体经济 下 滑 的影响，特 别是在营养和粮食保障方面的影响。 daccess-ods.un.org | The consequences of rising food prices [...] and the overall economic downturn continue [...]to be monitored, especially those related [...]to nutrition and food security. daccess-ods.un.org |
围绕着“文明的和谐与共同繁荣”的 总 主 题 ，北京论坛除了每年举办年会，还成功举办了多场高端演讲和文明对话活动，其中包括美国麻省理工学院乔姆斯基（Noam Chomsky）教授北京大学演讲会、哈佛大学霍米巴巴（Homi Bhabha）教授北京大学演讲会、林毅夫对话诺贝 尔 经济学 奖 得主、伊斯兰与儒家文明的对话、基督教与儒家文明的对话、轴心文明的对话等。 beijingforum.org | With the general theme of “The Harmony of Civilizations and Prosperity for All”, Beijing Forum has held several lectures and dialogues in addition to the annual conference, including the lecture of Prof. Noam Chomsky of MIT at PKU, the lecture of Prof. Homi Bhabha of Harvard University at PKU, the dialogue between Justin Yifu Lin and Nobel Laureates in Economics of Roger Myerson [...] and James Mirrlees, Islamic-Confucian [...]Dialogue, the Christian–Confucian Dialogue, Dialogue on Axial-Age Civilizations, etc. beijingforum.org |
摩尔多瓦 科学院认为，国家领导层在最近三年(2005-2007 年)做出的关于增加科学技术 发 展预算拨款的决策是非常正确的；事实表明，科技创新成果在摩尔多瓦共和国实 体经济部门的大规模应用是预期经济增长的有力保证。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Moldovan Science Academy find that the decision of the leadership of the country to [...] increase budgetary [...] allocation for science and innovation development in the last three years (2005–2007) was a correct one and clearly demonstrates the perspective economic growth will be ensured through large scale implementation of the results of the scientific and innovatory activities in the real sector of the economy of the Republic [...]of Moldova. daccess-ods.un.org |
为此，特别报告向政府提出了一些建议，包括必须解决持续存在种族歧视和 [...] 仇外心理、缺乏明文禁止这种行为的立法、移民在劳动部门受到剥削、司法部门 [...] 和警方不出面干预以保护移民权利、对身份不正常的移民采取严格的拘留和遣返 的政策、移民儿童难以在日本学校或外 国 学 校 取 得教育、以 及 总体 上 缺 乏尊重移 民人权、确保移民融入日本社会的全面的移民政策。 daccess-ods.un.org | In this context, the Special Rapporteur makes a number of recommendations to the Government, including the need to address the persistence of racial discrimination and xenophobia and the lack of legislation that manifestly prohibits these conducts, the exploitation of migrants in the labour sector, the lack of interventions by the judiciary and police to protect migrants’ rights, the strict policy of detention and deportation of irregular migrants, the difficulties for migrant children to [...] access education either in [...] Japanese or foreign schools, and the overall lack of a comprehensive [...]immigration policy that respects [...]the human rights of migrants and ensures their integration into the Japanese society. daccess-ods.un.org |
联合国和经济合作与发展组织提倡新的增长 [...] 模式或经济模式，以保护自然资源，降低环境风险和生态资源匮乏，提高人类福祉，促进社会公 平，超越经济学家提出的国家经济核 算 体 系 (经 合组织，2011；联合国环境规划署，2011)。 ecegp.com | The United Nations and Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development advocated for a new mode of growth or a new form of economy that preserves natural assets and reduces environmental risks and ecological scarcities, as well as improves [...] human wellbeing and social equity going [...] beyond a national accounting system imposed by economists (OECD 2011; UNEP 2011). ecegp.com |
强制许可的潜在获得人届时将不得不以更贴近 总体经济成本 （包括启动和制造成本）的价格出售产品，所谓更贴近是与直接销售现成的 [...] 非专利品相比较而言的，因为非专利品的启动成本已经在某种程度上被国内市场分摊了。 iprcommission.org | Potential compulsory licensees would therefore have to charge a price [...] closer to full economic cost (including [...]start-up and manufacturing costs) as compared [...]to the possibility of providing off-the-shelf generics at prices where start-up costs have already been amortised to some extent on the domestic market. iprcommission.org |
国民账户体系应能反映在迅速变化的时期，如目前的金融危机之中的“ 实 体” 经济形势 ，除此之外，还应进一步研究，通过编制社会账户，明确国内生 产 总值 等 对增长的常规计量法与家庭部门之间的关联，以推行对福祉和贫穷的多种计量 法。 daccess-ods.un.org | Apart from the fact that the SNA should be able to reflect the “real” economic situation during periods of rapid change, such as with the current [...] financial crisis, further research [...]should advance multiple measures of well-being and poverty through the development of social accounts in order to articulate the link between the conventional measures of growth, such as gross domestic product, to the household sector. daccess-ods.un.org |
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