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External sources (not reviewed)

equivalent, but these could be evaluated since a common methodology and boundary now exists.

[...] evidence that an amount of carbon equivalent to [...] [...]

[...] [...] the use of low-yield nuclear weapons [...] [...]

(a) The regular staff complement will be reduced from 4.3 full time equivalent staff members in 2011 to 4.1 full time equivalent staff members in 2012.

In North America energy consumption for transport exceeded 2,000 kilotons of oil equivalent (ktoe) per person in 2007, whereas consumption in some developing countries, such as some in Africa, averaged fewer than 100 ktoe per person annually.

The representative of the United States said that the proposal would generate 100 gigatonnes of carbon dioxide equivalents in direct climate benefits by 2050, while gains in energy efficiency through a reduction in the current reliance on high global-warming potential HFCs would enhance the benefits generated.

(d) Addendum 4 contains a draft decision text entitled “Greenhouse gases, sectors and source categories; common metrics to calculate the carbon dioxide equivalence of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks; and other methodological issues

International equivalence scales are [...]

In addition, India has already launched an ambitious “Perform, Achieve and Trade” mechanism, which is intended to encourage 700 of the country’s most energy-intensive units to become more energyefficient and in the process help reduce India’s greenhouse gas emissions by 25 million tons of carbon dioxide equivalent per year by 2014/15.

Such an agreement must include a package of mitigation activities now, up to and beyond 2012 that provides for the long-term stabilization of atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations at well below 350 parts per million carbon dioxide-equivalent levels; limits global average surface temperature increases to well below 1.5 degrees centigrade above pre-industrial levels; and provides for global greenhouse gas emissions to peak by 2015 and decline thereafter.

[...] their carbon equivalent value.

By using our F20-UVX along with Filmetrics’ proprietary silicon nitride dispersion model, one can easily measure the thickness and optical properties of SixNy films regardless of whether they are Si-rich, Si-poor, or stoichiometric.

(e) According to UNDP’s calculations, the introduction of HFC-245fa, hydrocarbon, and HFC-32 technologies in the foam, refrigeration and air conditioning sub-sectors during stage I of the HPMP would avoid the direct emission of 2,594,800 CO2-eq tonnes annually from 2015.

[...] (kg of oil equivalent per $1 of GDP) has gradually declined in most ECE economies since 1990.

The GWP (Global Warming Potential) is a measure of how much a gas contributes to the greenhouse effect compared with CO2. For example, the CO2 equivalent for methane over 100 years is 25 (according to IPCC Fourth Assessment Report 2007).

The preceding year had seen the testing of the largest nuclear weapon ever exploded, the Soviet Union’s “Tsar Bomba” with an estimated yield of 50 megatons.

[...] [...] kg of nickel equivalent, resulting [...]

[...] (expressed as CO2 equivalents).

Although a calculation of the impact on the climate was not indicated in the HPMP, the activities planned by Uruguay, in particular, the phase-out of HCFC-22 in the servicing and assembly sectors and its above average efforts to improve servicing practices and reduce refrigerant emissions indicate that it is likely that the country will achieve the 10,528 CO

This provides for: (a) long-term stabilization of atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations at well below 350ppm CO2-equivalent levels; (b) global average surface temperature increases to be limited to well below 1.5° C above pre-industrial levels; (c) global greenhouse gas emissions to peak by 2015 and decline thereafter; (d) reductions in global greenhouse gas emissions by more than 85 per cent below 1990 levels by 2050 (e); annex I parties to the UNFCCC to reduce their collective greenhouse gas emissions by more than 45 per cent below 1990 levels by 2020, and more than 95 per cent below 1990 levels by 2050, given their historical responsibility; and (f) a significant deviation from business as usual by developing countries through measurable, reportable and verifiable nationally appropriate mitigation actions in the context of sustainable development, supported and enabled by technology, financing and capacity-building, in a measurable, reportable and verifiable manner.

The SBSTA also requested the secretariat, subject to the availability of resources, to include in the modules of the data interface,37 where applicable, the possibility of presenting GHG emissions/removals in physical units, in addition to carbon dioxide equivalent.

Secondly, if rights are insecure, or if there is disagreement or conflict over rights, farmers are less likely to reduce their current use of water, even if it is more than they actually require.

[...] [...] better balance between qualitative and quantitative indicators, complementarity [...] [...]

Finally, whereas a great number of national staff members working for the United Nations have faced reprisals because of their work for the Organization, these cases could not be reflected in the present report.