| 单词 | 小农户 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 | 小农户 noun —smallholder nSee also:小农 n—smallholder n • smallholder farmer n 小小 adj—small adj 农户—peasant household 农 n—agriculture n • peasant n
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这些投资将提高 [...] 农业生产力，创造出口收入，并通过降低粮食实际成本和增 加 小农户 的 实 际收入 来减少贫穷和饥饿。 daccess-ods.un.org | Such investments will boost agricultural productivity, generate export revenues [...] and alleviate poverty and hunger by lowering the real cost of food and increasing [...] real incomes among small holder farmers. daccess-ods.un.org |
数千个小农户将参 与建立一个粮食和乙醇烹饪燃料生产设施，采用可持续 的耕种做法，并为经济和生态上可持续的社区奠定基础。 daccess-ods.un.org | Thousands of smallholder farmers will be engaged [...] to create a food and ethanol cooking fuel production facility, implement [...]sustainable farming practices and lay the groundwork for economically and ecologically sustainable communities. daccess-ods.un.org |
在公共支出方面(见图 十)，有关措施主要是扩大对基础设施的投资、住房、支助中心企业 和 小农户的 方案和各种社会方案。 daccess-ods.un.org | On the spending side, the measures sought mainly to boost investment in infrastructure, [...] housing, programmes [...] to support small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and small farmers, or financed a variety [...]of social programmes. daccess-ods.un.org |
本次案头研究对以下方面进行了全面的仔细研究：非洲甲基溴淘汰的历史概况及迄 [...] 今所取得的进展；本区域的主要甲基溴消费行业－烟苗种植、切花、园艺（特别是西红 [...] 柿，而且还有西瓜、草莓、香蕉和各种蔬菜）以及各种谷物的收割后处理；用户类型 （即，大农户和小农户、高 新技术和低技术生产者）；所采用替代品的主要类型；以及影 响此种替代品可持续性的因素（经济、政治、管理、技术）。 multilateralfund.org | The desk study undertaken considered in general terms: a historical overview of MB phase-out in Africa and the progress made to date; the main MB consuming sectors in the region – tobacco seedlings, cut flowers, horticulture (particularly tomatoes, but also melons, strawberries, bananas and a variety of vegetables) and [...] postharvest treatment of grains; [...] the types of users (i.e. both large and small farmers, high and low tech [...]producers); the main kinds [...]of alternatives adopted; and factors influencing the sustainability of such alternatives (economic, political, regulatory, technical). multilateralfund.org |
部长们重申其加大对农业的投资的承诺，以实现农业的潜力，特别是加快实 [...] 施非洲农业发展综合方案和 2003 年《马普托宣言》；全力支持在 5 年内实现非洲 [...] 粮食安全的设想，并支持提供激励措施(包括 为 小农户 提 供 有针对性的补贴和市 场稳定措施)的战略和措施并在所有部门政策和方案中将粮食安全主流化，以致 [...] 力于这一设想的实现；认识到必须在各自国家加快土地改革，以确保特别是小土 [...] 地所有者和妇女公平获取和保有土地使用权。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Ministers reiterated their commitment to enhance investment in agriculture to realize its potential, particularly to accelerate the implementation of the Comprehensive African Agriculture Development Programme and the Maputo Declaration of 2003; [...] fully supported the vision of a [...] food-secure Africa within five years and committed [...]to its realization through supporting [...]strategies and measures that would provide incentives, including targeted subsidies to small-scale farmers and market stabilization measures as well as mainstreaming food security in all sectoral policies and programmes; and recognized the need to accelerate land reforms in their countries in order to ensure equitable access and security of tenure, especially for smallholders and women. daccess-ods.un.org |
三分之二的小农户生活 在偏远地区 和环境条件恶劣的贫瘠土地上，如山区或易遭受干旱和其他自然灾害的地区，而 [...] 良好肥沃的土地往往集中掌握在富裕的土地所有者手中。 daccess-ods.un.org | Two thirds of smallholder farmers live on remote and [...] marginal lands in environmentally difficult conditions, such as in [...]mountainous areas or areas threatened by drought and other natural disasters, while good, fertile land tends to be concentrated in the hands of wealthier landowners. daccess-ods.un.org |
政府有必要投资于支持无地农民、 小农户 生 产 者和农业部门妇女的方案，发 展可持续的适应气候的生计，包括土地改革和相应的支助服务。 daccess-ods.un.org | Governments need to invest in programmes supporting [...] landless and smallholder farmers and women in the agricultural sector to [...]develop sustainable and [...]climate-resilient livelihoods, including agrarian reform and accompanying support services. daccess-ods.un.org |
由于没有提供适当技术和更多种类的支持服务(如乡村道路和可持续的灌溉 [...] 系统等农村基础设施，教育和培训，以及获取土地、信贷、支付得起的投入物和 市场信息的机会)，所以小农户通常 无法利用已经取得的技术进步。 daccess-ods.un.org | Without providing adequate technologies and a larger range of supportive services (rural infrastructure, like rural roads and sustainable irrigation systems, education and training and access to [...] land, credits, affordable inputs and [...] market information), small farm holders are, [...]typically, not able to take advantage of [...]available technological improvements. daccess-ods.un.org |
支柱 2 [...] 的主要目标是加强私营企业家的能力，包括营利农 和 小农户 ， 以 满足国内、区域和 国际市场日益复杂的成本、质量和后勤需求。 daccess-ods.un.org | The main goal of pillar 2 is to strengthen the capacities [...] of private entrepreneurs, including [...] commercial and smallholder farmers, to meet the increasingly [...]complex cost, quality and [...]logistical requirements of domestic, regional and international markets. daccess-ods.un.org |
八国集团在意大利拉奎拉和二十国集团在 [...] 美利坚合众国匹兹堡为粮食保障承诺的 3 年 200 亿美元应当紧急提供，以启动对 小农户全面 行动计划的执行，特别是通过推出一个新的多方捐助者信托基金执行 [...]这一计划。 daccess-ods.un.org | The $20 billion over three years pledged for food security by the G-8 [...] at L’Aquila, Italy, and the Group of Twenty (G-20) at Pittsburgh, United States of America, should be provided urgently to initiate implementation of the comprehensive plan [...] of action for smallholder farmers, notably through [...]the launch of a new multi-donor trust fund. daccess-ods.un.org |
支持可持续农业的有效措施包括：增加对农业研究和发展的公共支出份额并 [...] 改善其效力；对农村发展进行投资，如基础设施、电信和加工设施；促进农民、 [...] 农业研究、产品加工及销售和推广服务之间的联系；支持研究并传播可持续的再 生生产方式、灌溉和土壤改良技术，以及应用负担得起的信通技术和其他技术， 以降低成本，使农业对小农户而言 更有利可图。 daccess-ods.un.org | Effective policy measures to support sustainable agriculture include: increasing the share and improving the effectiveness of public expenditure for agricultural research and development; investing in rural development, such as infrastructure, telecommunications and processing facilities; promoting linkages among farmers, agricultural research, product processing and marketing, and extension services; supporting research on, and dissemination of, sustainable, regenerative production methods, irrigation and soil improvement technologies, as well as the application of [...] affordable ICTs and other technologies, in order to lower [...] costs and make agriculture more profitable for smallholder farmers. daccess-ods.un.org |
绿色补贴方案初 期阶段的目标是惠及居住在保护单位和含有重要森林资源的土地改革定居地 的近 73 000 个小农户和其他传统社区。 daccess-ods.un.org | In its initial stages, Bolsa Verde aims to benefit nearly 73,000 small-farm families and other traditional communities living in conservation units and land-reform settlements that contain important forest resources. daccess-ods.un.org |
国际社会可以通过下列方式为农业转型作出重大贡献：消除技术转让障碍， [...] 包括私有专利权；履行承诺，按照 2009 年在意大利拉奎拉举行的八国集团首脑 会议上的认捐额，调集 200 [...] 亿美元资金作为支持可持续农业的新增官方发展援助； 扩大小农户利用 支付环境服务费用机制的机会；经济合作与发展组织(经合组织) [...]成员国取消农业补贴。 daccess-ods.un.org | The international community has much to contribute to the transformation in agriculture by removing obstacles to the transfer of technology (including privately held patents); delivering on its commitment to mobilize $20 billion in additional official development assistance (ODA) for sustainable agriculture, as pledged [...] at the 2009 G-8 Summit held in [...] L’Aquila, Italy; providing small-scale farmers with expanded access [...]to mechanisms for the [...]payment of environmental services; and, in the case of Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) member countries, eliminating agricultural subsidies. daccess-ods.un.org |
不过，为了实现这一点，养活近三分之一世 界人口的小农户需要 获得资产(从土地到耕种所需工具)、市场(从农村道路到监 [...] 测全球市场价格的 21 世纪通信工具)、贷款和风险管理(如作物保险和社会保护) 以及研究成果和技术。 daccess-ods.un.org | In order for this to [...] happen, however, smallholder farmers — who support [...]almost a third of the world’s population — need [...]access to assets (ranging from land to the tools needed to till the ground), markets (from rural roads to twenty-first-century communications tools for monitoring prices on the global market), credit and risk management (such as crop insurance and social protection) and research and technology. daccess-ods.un.org |
私营部门在生产和销售粮食方面的作用得到公认； [...] 特别提到目前正与比尔和梅林达盖茨基金会和洛克菲勒基金会以及联合国一道 努力，更好地让小农户进入市场，2008 年发展中国家的粮食收购预算为 10 [...]亿美 元。 daccess-ods.un.org | The role of the private sector in production and distribution of food was recognized; particular mention was made of current work with The Bill & Melinda Gates and [...] Rockefeller Foundations and the United [...] Nations to better connect small farmers to markets, against [...]the budget of US$ 1 billion of food [...]purchase in developing countries in 2008. daccess-ods.un.org |
在哥伦比亚，小农户在一个大面积地区种植木薯， 有 140 000 公顷的木薯潜在产量可以用于乙醇生产。 daccess-ods.un.org | In Colombia a large [...] area is cultivated by small farmers, with a potential [...]140,000 hectares of cassava that could be used for ethanol production. daccess-ods.un.org |
粮安委第三十七届会议最后报告(见附件)包括粮食安全和注 重 小农户 的 农 业投 资、性别、粮食安全与营养和粮食价格波动等主题的政策建议。 daccess-ods.un.org | The final report on the thirty-seventh session (see annex) includes policy recommendations [...] on such topics as food [...] security and smallholder-sensitive investment in agriculture, gender, food [...]security and nutrition and food price volatility. daccess-ods.un.org |
采购促进步试点项目 [...] 的目的还包括提供经验教训和办法，从而影响粮食署方案和项目的制订和执行工 作，以确保支持小农户，他们通常也是粮食署粮食援助的潜在受益人。 daccess-ods.un.org | P4P pilots also aim to generate lessons and approaches that can influence WFP’s design and implementation of its programmes [...] and projects to ensure that support [...] is provided to smallholder farmers, who are normally [...]also potential beneficiaries of WFP food assistance. daccess-ods.un.org |
例如，危地马拉大部分最肥沃的土地属于巨大种植园所有，而留给大多 数小农户和土著人耕作的是危地马拉山区陡峭的斜坡( 见 E/CN.4/2006/44/ [...] Add .1)。 daccess-ods.un.org | For example, most of the fertile lands of central Guatemala [...] are part of huge plantations, while [...] the majority of smallholder farmers and indigenous people [...]are left to cultivate the steep [...]slopes of Guatemala’s mountainous regions (see E/CN.4/2006/44/Add.1). daccess-ods.un.org |
然而，有人坚决支持土地改革，认为它有助于逐步实现人类的食物权，至少 在下述特定情况下如此：（a）土地所有权高度集中（例如，不平等程度高于 [...] 0.65 个基尼系数），以及（b）农村贫困在很大程度上应归因于没有土地 或 小农户耕 种极小块的土地。 daccess-ods.un.org | There are strong arguments, however, in favour of land reform as contributing to the progressive realization of the human right to food, at least in contexts characterized by (a) a high degree of concentration of land ownership (such as a level of inequality higher than a Gini coefficient of 0.65), combined with (b) a significant [...] level of rural poverty attributable to landlessness or the cultivation of [...] excessively small plots of land by smallholders. daccess-ods.un.org |
在目前审查千年发展目标(千年目标)的背景下， [...] 该国政府努力向母亲和五岁以下儿童提供免费医疗、 其成功的防治艾滋病毒/艾滋病和疟疾方案、其针对 小农户而且 常常是赤贫农户开展商业化方案，以及修 建道路支线将封闭的村庄与全国公路网相联，这些工 [...]作具有特别重要的意义。 daccess-ods.un.org | Against the background of the ongoing review of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), the Government’s efforts to provide free medical care to mothers and children under five, its successful programmes to fight HIV/AIDS and [...] malaria, its [...] commercialization programme for small and often desperately poor farmers, and the construction [...]of feeder roads [...]connecting isolated villages to the national road grid are of particular importance. daccess-ods.un.org |
农业的可持续性取决于适当的投资：需要投资 [...] 研发针对地方农业生态条件的适应性技术；特别是 针对小农户和妇 女的投资；在农民教育和培训方面 的投资；在农业有形基础设施方面的投资；以及提 [...] 升农业和农村发展的最佳做法方面的投资。 daccess-ods.un.org | Sustainability of agriculture depended on appropriate investments: there was a need to invest in research into [...] adapted technologies for local agro-ecological conditions; in extension, [...] especially for smallholders and women; in [...]farmers’ education and training; in [...]the physical infrastructure of agriculture; and in the scaling-up of best practices, both in agriculture and in rural development. daccess-ods.un.org |
认识到80% 的饥民生活在农村地区，50% 的饥民为小农户和传 统农 民，鉴于各种投入的费用不断增加、而农业收入减少，这些人特别容易陷入粮食 不安全境地；贫穷的生产者越来越难以获得土地、水、种子和其他自然资源；可 [...] 持续和对性别问题敏感的农业政策是实现粮食安全和农村发展的重要手段；国家 [...] 对小农耕者、渔业社区和地方企业的支持是粮食安全和落实食物权的关键所在 daccess-ods.un.org | Recognizes that 80 per cent of people [...] suffering from hunger live in rural areas, [...] and 50 per cent are small-scale and traditional farm holders, and that these [...]people are especially [...]vulnerable to food insecurity, given the increasing cost of various inputs and the fall in farm incomes; that access to land, water, seeds and other natural resources is an increasing challenge for poor producers; that sustainable and gender-sensitive agricultural policies are important tools to achieve food security and rural development; and that support by States for small farmers, fishing communities and local enterprises is a key element to food security and the provision of the right to food daccess-ods.un.org |
将邀请以下方面的代表参加： [...] 联合国会员国、联合国专门机构和方案、其他国际组织、各国家人权机构、非政 府组织以及农村地区劳动者包括妇女 、 小农户 、 无 地人员和从事传统的渔、猎和 畜牧活动者发起的运动。 daccess-ods.un.org | Representatives of the following will be invited to attend: States Members of the United Nations, United Nations special agencies and programmes, other international organizations, national human rights institutions, non-governmental organizations [...] and movements of people working in rural areas, [...] including women, smallholders, landless people [...]and people involved in traditional [...]fishing, hunting and herding activities. daccess-ods.un.org |
外部化成本包括各种遗留问题，比如过期农药库存、场地被污染以及因产前和产后接触化学品 [...] 导致儿童发育受损；有人因接触化学品而受害；向无力支付医疗费的受害者提供保健服务；由 [...] 于被化学品污染，财产所有者或财产使用者的财产价值或功效下降；由于化学品污染，渔民、 猎人和小农户的生 计受到破坏；由于传统食物被污染，土著人民的生活方式受到破坏；供水受 [...]到污染等等。 daccess-ods.un.org | Externalized costs include legacy issues such as obsolete stockpiles and contaminated sites, as well as children whose development has been impaired as a result of prenatal and post-natal chemical exposure; persons whose health has been injured as a result of chemical exposure; persons providing health-care services to such people when the injured are not able to pay for the services; property owners or users whose property value or utility decreases as [...] a result of chemical [...] contamination; fishers, hunters, small farmers and others whose livelihoods [...]are impaired by chemical [...]contamination; indigenous peoples whose way of life has been undermined through contamination of their traditional foods; people whose water supply is contaminated; and others. daccess-ods.un.org |
无地农 民、农业部门的妇女以及小农户生产 者是粮食权受到侵犯的第一受害者――尽管 小农场生产了世界农村和城市人口所需的主粮作物的大部分，以及妇女占农业生 [...] 产者的很大一部分，生产了当地消费的粮食的大部分。 daccess-ods.un.org | Landless farmers, [...] women in the agricultural sector, and smallholder producers are [...]the first victims of violations of the [...]right to food, despite small farms producing the majority of the staple crops needed to feed the world’s rural and urban populations, and women being a substantial majority of the agricultural producers who produce most of the food consumed locally. daccess-ods.un.org |
年在各大洲举办的研讨会上，渔民社区表达了类似的需求。88 农村地 [...] 区的各种劳动者群体，尤其是农民、 小农户 、 无地工人、渔民、猎人和采集者正 [...] 集合起来，要求进一步承认他们在国际人权法之下的权利。 daccess-ods.un.org | Fisher communities have expressed the same needs in seminars in different continents in 2010.88 The different groups [...] working in rural areas, and in particular [...] peasant farmers, small landholders, landless [...]workers, fisher-folk, hunters and [...]gatherers, are coming together to defend greater recognition of their rights in international human rights law. daccess-ods.un.org |
那 些 负责采购者 如果特 意 从 小 农 户 那 里购买 粮食，情况则尤其 如 此，这将帮 助 小 农 户 克 服 他们面临的障 碍 ， 尤 其是在储 存 能 力 方面，否则他们相 对于规 模 较 大的生产商或商品贸易商 将 [...] 处 于不利地 位 。 daccess-ods.un.org | This will be the case particularly if [...] those responsible for [...] these purchases make deliberate efforts to buy from smallholders, helping them to overcome the barriers they face, [...]particularly as regards [...]their ability to keep stocks, which may otherwise place them at a disadvantage in comparison to larger producers or commodity traders. daccess-ods.un.org |
粮农组织代表表示，粮农组织支持妇女署在下述方面开展的工作：减贫、粮 食和营养保障及农业政策、妇女经济赋权、促 进 小农户 权 利 、支持妇女组织促进 农村发展、提高农村生产力、促进妇女体面农村就业、减少男女童工和倡导农业 投资。 daccess-ods.un.org | The representative of FAO expressed the support of FAO for the work of UN-Women in poverty [...] alleviation, food and nutrition [...] security and agricultural policy, women’s economic empowerment, the promotion of the rights of smallholder farmers, support [...]to women’s organizations [...]for rural development, enhancing rural productivity, promoting decent rural employment for women, reducing child labour for boys and girls and advocating agricultural investment. daccess-ods.un.org |
开发署国家一级方案的例子包括：土耳其一个将中小型纺织品和服装企业与 制造商和国际品牌联系起来的项目；协助老挝人民民主共和国提升服装行业的生 产和标准；支持一些国家的小农户和 农 业价值链。 daccess-ods.un.org | Examples of UNDP country-level programmes include a project linking textile and apparel small and medium-sized enterprises to manufacturers and international brands in Turkey; assistance in upgrading production and standards in the garment sector in the [...] Lao People’s Democratic [...] Republic; and support for small-scale farmers and agricultural value chains [...]in several countries. daccess-ods.un.org |
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