| 单词 | 封建主义 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 | 封建主义 —feudalismSee also:封建主—feudal ruler 封建—feudalism • feudalistic • system of enfeoffment 主义—ideology • -ism 主义 n—nationalism n • socialist n • imperialism n • militarism n 封建 adj—feudal adj
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尽管法律上规 [...] 定了废除令，正式的《土地限制法令》旨在限制土地的集中，但在有些邦 ， 封建 主义的土地所有权模式仍然存在。 daccess-ods.un.org | In some States, feudalistic [...] patterns of land ownership persist, despite [...]legal abolition and the official Land Ceilings Act [...]that aimed to limit land concentration. daccess-ods.un.org |
在联盟的主持下，2010 年 11 月 11 和 12 日在亚的斯亚贝巴举办了一个关于 宗教容忍、传统冲突解决办法和 封建主义 的 研讨会，作为埃塞俄比亚对联盟工作 的支持。 daccess-ods.un.org | Under the auspices of the Alliance, a seminar on religious tolerance, traditional conflict resolution and federalism was held on 11 and 12 November 2010 in Addis Ababa, as a contribution of Ethiopia to the Alliance. daccess-ods.un.org |
这种长久以来的他者属性造成了亚洲的焦虑，它随着19世纪末亚 洲 封建 帝 制相继瓦解、殖 民 主义 不 断 扩张、现代民族国家艰难建立的风云动荡，贯穿于近百年的亚洲历史之中。以中国和土耳其这两大东方帝国为例，它们在追寻自己的现代性的过程中几乎同步并具有惊人的相似性：清王朝与奥图曼王朝差不多在同一时间崩溃，孙中山和凯末尔(Mustafa [...] [...] Kemal Ataturk)也差不多在同一时间崛起，他们都是坚定的西化论者，对长期积弱的国家忧心忡忡，为了学习和追赶西方，他们亲手缔造了各自国家的共和政体。 alternativearchive.com | This long-standing attribute of the Other has resulted in Asian [...] anxiety; it was present [...] throughout nearly a century of Asian history, as Asia lived through changes [...]and turbulences from [...]the end of the nineteenth century onwards –the successive collapse of feudal monarchies, the continuous expansion of colonialism, the arduous establishment of modern nation-states, etc. Take the two Eastern empires, China and Turkey, for example, they almost coincided and shared astonishing similarities in the process of looking for their own modernity: the Chinese Qing dynasty and the Turkish Ottoman dynasty fell at about the same time, and Sun Yat-sen and Mustafa Kemal Ataturk emerged at roughly the same moment; both people were firm advocates of westernization, were deeply worried for their chronically weak countries, and in order to learn from the West and to catch up with it, they established a republican regime in their own country. alternativearchive.com |
在重申南非谴责以色列持续进行封锁、 正在进行隔离墙建设和扩大以色列定居点的同时， 他也再次呼吁以色列停止扩大在西岸的定居点，停 止拆毁西岸以及东耶路撒冷的巴勒斯坦人的家园， 这些都严重损害了西岸和加沙的社会和经济结构， 增加了失业、贫困和对人道主义援助 的依赖，并直 接影响到享受经济和社会权利。 daccess-ods.un.org | Reiterating South Africa’s condemnation of [...] the continuing blockade, the ongoing construction of the separation wall and the expansion of Israeli settlements, he also again called on Israel to cease expansion of settlements in the West Bank and its demolition of Palestinian homes there and in East Jerusalem, which were severely damaging the social and economic structures of the West Bank and Gaza, increasing unemployment, poverty and reliance on humanitarian assistance and [...]directly affecting the [...]enjoyment of economic and social rights. daccess-ods.un.org |
最后，我国代表团表示它继续支持并声援古巴政 府及人民为捍卫其主权而进行的积极斗争，并为抵御 美国史无前例封锁的正义事业而努力。 daccess-ods.un.org | Finally, my delegation expresses its continuing support for, and solidarity with, the Cuban Government and people in [...] their active struggle to [...] safeguard their sovereignty and work for their just cause in the face of this unprecedented United States embargo. daccess-ods.un.org |
以色列违反国际法、人权法和国际人道主义法的 [...] 行为一直在增多，其很多做法就证明了这一点，例如 [...] 在没有任何合法理由的情况下将 10 000 名巴勒斯坦 人拘押在以色列监狱和拘留所中；无视国际法院的咨 询意见，持续修建种族主义隔离墙；违反安全理事会 第 1860(2009)号决议和大会第 ES-10/18 号决议，对 加沙地带实行严密封锁； 在西岸设置障碍和检查站； 以色列内阁规定犹太人作出效忠宣誓，以孤立以色列 境内的以色列籍阿拉伯人口；以色列议会最近的立法 [...] 对撤出已被以色列吞并的阿拉伯被占领土规定了新 [...] 的苛刻条件，但通过全民投票或经议会三分之二多数 通过则除外；以及由于时间关系，我们不能一一列举 的其他许多违法行为。 daccess-ods.un.org | Israel’s violations of international law, human rights law and international humanitarian law have been increasing, as manifested by many practices, such as the detention of 10,000 [...] Palestinians in [...] Israeli jails and detention facilities without any legal grounds; the continued construction of the racist separation wall, in defiance of the advisory opinion of the International [...]Court of Justice; [...]the tight siege of the Gaza Strip, contrary to Security Council resolution 1860 (2009) and General Assembly resolution ES-10/18; the barriers and checkpoints in the West Bank; the Jewish loyalty oath instituted by the Israeli Cabinet to isolate the Arab-Israel population in Israel; the recent Knesset legislation setting stringent new conditions on any withdrawal from the occupied Arab territories annexed to Israel except through a referendum or the approval of a two-third majority of the Knesset; and many other violations that time will not permit us to list. daccess-ods.un.org |
拿破仑法典》迅速取代了封建时代 截然不同的法律体系，罗 马-日耳曼法律传统在整个欧洲和世界其他地区扩展 的 主 要 支 柱之一。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Napoleonic Code took the place of the disparate legal systems of feudal times and became one of the major pillars of the expansion of the Romano-Germanic [...] legal tradition [...]throughout Europe and the rest of the world. daccess-ods.un.org |
为协助 各国对付针对粮食生产的恐怖主义而 开 展的活动包括：(a) 进行关于食品安全、 动植物健康问题的能力建设(培 训班、各种项目),包括促进风险分析和加强基层 能力，以确保国家能够监测、诊断、报告和应对病虫害和疾病的爆发；(b) 食品 标准法典委员会和国际植物保护公约制定有关标准；(c) [...] 设立一个食物链管理框 架以便对跨界动植物病虫害和疾病造成的食物链危机、粮食安全威胁和紧急情 [...] 况，以及对核放射性威胁级紧急情况，进行预防、预警、防备和应对工作；组织 国际论坛讨论与粮食和农业相关的生物风险管理问题。 daccess-ods.un.org | Specific activities that [...] assisted countries in relation to terrorism targeted at food products included: (a) capacity-building (training courses, projects) concerning [...]food safety, [...]animal and plant health, including promotion of risk analyses and developing base-level capacity to ensure national ability to monitor, diagnose, report and respond to pest and disease outbreaks; (b) the standard setting work of the Codex Alimentarius Commission and the International Plant Protection Convention; (c) the establishment of a Food Chain Crisis Management Framework for prevention, early warning, preparedness and response to food chain crises caused by transboundary animal and plant pests and diseases, food safety threats and emergencies, as well as nuclear and radiological threats and emergencies; and the organization of international forums to discuss biological risk management in relation to food and agriculture. daccess-ods.un.org |
工作组建议的一些具体措施，包括通过关于不歧视的具体立法；开展全国促 [...] 进多文化和尊重非裔厄瓜多尔人尊严的运动；采取各项措施缩小非裔厄瓜多尔人 与更广泛民众之间的现行教育差距；开展对非洲人后裔的民族教育；增强非裔厄 瓜多尔人的民间社会；采取措施消除传媒中的种 族 主义 和 种 族歧视现象；进一步 鼓励非裔人参与公共行政事务；建立 一 个非裔厄瓜多尔人研究中心；深入开展免 费法律援助服务；在监察专员署内设立一个主管与非洲人后裔相关问题的分支单 位，并建立一个促进非裔妇女教育的专门方案。 daccess-ods.un.org | The concrete measures recommended by the Working Group include the adoption of specific legislation on non-discrimination; the development of a national campaign to promote multiculturalism and respect for the dignity of the Afro-Ecuadorian people; the adoption of measures to reduce the educational gap that exists between Afro-Ecuadorians and the wider population; the introduction of ethno-education for people of African descent; the strengthening of Afro-Ecuadorian civil [...] society; measures to [...] eliminate racism and discrimination in the media; further efforts to encourage participation of persons of African descent in public administration; the establishment of a centre [...]for Afro-Ecuadorian studies; [...]the further development of free legal aid services; the creation within the office of the Ombudsman of a sub-unit dedicated to issues related to people of African descent and the creation of special programmes to promote the education of women of African descent. daccess-ods.un.org |
2010 年 6 月 20 日，以色列安全内阁宣布取消对加沙的封锁，特别是取消 对民用商品和人道主义援助准入的封 锁。 daccess-ods.un.org | On 20 June 2010, the Israeli Security Cabinet declared the easing of [...] the Gaza blockade, particularly pertaining to civilian goods and humanitarian access. daccess-ods.un.org |
最后，以色列占领巴勒斯坦领土并于近期发动军 事行动，显示国际人道主义法中有三项空白值得关 注：首先，加沙平民被剥夺离开作战区的权利，而根 据《日内瓦四公约》第一附加议定书，占领者有保护 平民的义务；第二，封锁重建援助类似违禁集体惩罚， 但由于国际人道主义法没 有明确述及这个问题，最好 是再通过一项《日内瓦四公约》议定书；第三，对巴 勒斯坦被占领土的长期占领导致家庭离散，加上占领 国对人员流动实行限制，从人权法的角度看，这些做 法都是不可接受的。 daccess-ods.un.org | Third, the dislocation of families as a result of the prolonged occupation of the occupied Palestinian Territory, coupled with the restrictions on mobility imposed by the occupying power, was an unacceptable practice from an international human rights perspective. daccess-ods.un.org |
在同一封信中，主席以委员会的名义 要 求塞 拉利昂问题特别法庭依照第 1793(2007)号决议第 8 段的规定赞同列入名单个人 [...] 的旅行通知程序，而这一程序将仿照塞拉利昂问题特别法庭和安全理事会关于利 比里亚的第 1521(2003)号决议所设委员会根据安全理事会第 [...]1688(2006)号决议 的规定，就涉及利比里亚的旅行禁令的类似豁免所商定的通知程序。 daccess-ods.un.org | In the same letter, the Chairman, on behalf of the Committee, [...] sought the agreement of the Special Court for Sierra Leone [...]on notification procedures for the travel of listed individuals pursuant to paragraph 8 of resolution 1793 (2007), which would be modelled upon the notification procedures agreed between the Special Court for Sierra Leone and the Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolution 1521 (2003) concerning Liberia in connection with the similar exemptions to the travel ban concerning Liberia, as set out in Security Council resolution 1688 (2006). daccess-ods.un.org |
本 文 會 先 討 論 廢 除 封 建 主 義 的 措 施 ， 之 後 解 釋 [...] 此 等 措 施 如 何 為 隨 後 的 經 濟 及 軍 事 現 代 化 鋪 路 。 hkahe.com | In this essay, I will first talk about [...] the measures carried out concerning with [...] the abolition of feudalism, then explain [...]how these measures prepared the ground for [...]Japan’s subsequent economic and military modernization. hkahe.com |
他们表示严重关切因封锁造成的严重的社会经济状况和持续的人 道 主义 危 机， 封锁造 成的广泛物质匮乏、生活贫穷和苦难，此外还有军事侵略导致的大量创 伤和痛苦。 daccess-ods.un.org | They expressed serious concern about the grave [...] socio-economic conditions and the continuing humanitarian crisis due to the blockade, which has caused [...]widespread deprivation, [...]poverty and hardship in addition to the vast trauma and suffering inflicted by the military aggression. daccess-ods.un.org |
卡塔尔红新月会举办了关于对加沙实 施 封 锁 的人 道 主义 影 响 和政治层面问 题以及关于人道主义活动中的宗教和媒体的研讨会。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Qatar Red Crescent Society [...] held seminars on the humanitarian implications and political [...]dimensions of the siege of Gaza [...]and on religion and the media in humanitarian activities. daccess-ods.un.org |
在本届会议上，社会科学及人文科学委员会和自然科学委员会审议了 35 C/COM SC/DR.1 号文件所建议的 决议（提案国：奥地利、比利时、玻利维亚多民族国、布基纳法 索、刚果、朝鲜民主主义人民 共和国、丹麦、吉布提、多米尼加共和国、芬兰、冰岛、利比 亚、立陶宛、卢森堡、马达加斯加、新西兰、荷兰、挪威、帕劳、巴布亚新几内亚、波兰、 [...] 葡萄牙、萨摩亚、塞内加尔、斯洛文尼亚、瑞典、图瓦卢和乌拉圭；共同提案国：巴巴多 [...] 斯、哥斯达黎加、德国、哈萨克斯坦、拉脱维亚、黎巴嫩、马来西亚、摩纳哥、巴基斯坦、 所罗门群岛、苏里南和赞比亚），要求总干事利用教科文组织独有的跨学科背景，加强教科 文组织在气候变化问题上的专业能力。 unesdoc.unesco.org | During this session, the SHS and SC [...] Commissions examined [...] the resolution proposed in document 35 C/COM SC/DR.1 (submitted by: Austria, Belgium, Plurinational State of Bolivia, Burkina Faso, Congo, Democratic People’s [...]Republic of Korea, [...]Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Finland, Iceland, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, New Zealand, Netherlands, Norway, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Poland, Portugal, Samoa, Senegal, Slovenia, Sweden, Tuvalu, Uruguay; co-sponsored by: Barbados, Costa Rica, Germany, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lebanon, Malaysia, Monaco, Pakistan, Solomon Islands, Suriname, and Zambia), requesting the Director-General to strengthen UNESCO’s specialized capacity on climate change, building upon UNESCO’s unique interdisciplinary profile. unesdoc.unesco.org |
谨以海湾阿拉伯国家合作委员会成员国常驻代表和海湾合作委员会轮 值主 席国沙特阿拉伯王国的名义随函附上 一 封 信 件 (见附件)，信件对伊朗伊斯兰共和 国伊斯兰议会议长阿里·拉里贾尼和议员侯赛因·阿里·沙赫利亚里最近的讲话 [...] 作出了回应。 daccess-ods.un.org | On behalf of the Permanent Representatives of the States members of the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf and in the [...] capacity of the Kingdom [...] of Saudi Arabia as Chair of the Council, I have the honour to enclose herewith a letter [...](see annex), in response [...]to the recent statements by the Chair of the Islamic Consultative Assembly in the Islamic Republic of Iran, Ali Larijani, and Husain Ali Shahryari, member of Parliament. daccess-ods.un.org |
我们希望安全理 [...] 事会将会采取切实步骤，迫使这个政权撤销对加沙地 带无辜的巴勒斯坦人民带来前所未有的人 道 主义危 机的封锁。 daccess-ods.un.org | We hope that the Security Council will take meaningful steps to compel the regime to end [...] its blockade, which has brought about an [...] unprecedented humanitarian crisis for the [...]innocent Palestinian people in the Gaza Strip. daccess-ods.un.org |
在同一封信中，主席谈及塞拉利昂政府就审查第 1171(1998)号决议第 4 段规定的向塞拉利昂运送武器或相关物资的通知要求提出 的 建 议 ，并告知塞拉利 昂常驻代表，委员会成员认为，就武器禁运的未来作出决定属于安全理事会的职 权范围，因此委员会决定将常驻代表的信转递安全理事会主席，并提请特别关注 就第 1171(1998)号决议规定的通知要求提出的 建 议。 daccess-ods.un.org | In the same letter, and in connection with the Government of Sierra Leone’s suggestion regarding the review of the notification requirements for the delivery of arms or related materiel to Sierra Leone set out in paragraph 4 of [...] [...] resolution 1171 (1998), the Chairman informed the Permanent Representative of Sierra Leone that the members were of the view that decisions on the future of the arms embargo fall within the purview of the Security Council, and that the Committee had therefore decided to convey the Permanent Representative’s letter to the President of the Security Council, drawing particular attention to the suggestions related to the notification requirements set out in resolution 1171 (1998). daccess-ods.un.org |
正如向大会第六十四届会议提交的一份报告(A/64/350)所述，必须通过多管 齐下的办法对付气候变化的威胁：以有利于可持续发展的方式大力正面应对减轻 气候变化方面的挑战；促进发展中国家的普惠性经济增长，以此作为建立抵抗和 [...] 适应能力的重要手段；紧急加强对发展中国家特别是弱势国家适应能力的国际金 [...] 融和技术支持；加强地方一级机构，以和平方式管理资源稀缺和环境压力；并加 强联合国及其他国际机构，使其能够为面临与气候有关的灾害和长期影响的国家 提供有效的人道主义、重建和发 展支助。 daccess-ods.un.org | As argued in a report to the General Assembly at its sixty-fourth session (A/64/350), the response to the climate change threat must have multiple prongs: strongly addressing the mitigation challenge head on in ways that are supportive of sustainable development; promoting inclusive economic growth in developing countries as a key means of building resilience and adaptive capacities; urgently increasing international financial and technical support for the adaptation of developing countries, especially vulnerable countries; strengthening institutions at the local level to manage resource scarcities and environmental stresses peacefully; and strengthening the United Nations and other international [...] institutions to be able to [...] provide effective humanitarian, reconstruction and development [...]support to countries faced with [...]climate-related disasters and longer-term impacts. daccess-ods.un.org |
打击恐怖主义、建设和平、解除前战斗人 员的武装以及预防冲突等问题具有特殊的意义，因为 大会负有这方面的责任。 daccess-ods.un.org | Issues such as the [...] fight against terrorism, peacebuilding, the disarmament [...]of excombatants and the prevention of conflicts [...]are of special interest, since the Assembly has responsibilities for various aspects of them. daccess-ods.un.org |
冲突后情 况下还存在下列加剧复杂性的因素：大量的人 道 主义 、 建 设 和 平、能力建设和发 展项目；获得授权的维持和平特派团；作为执行机构的国际非政府组织以及世界 [...] 银行和联合国发展计划署(开发署)根据需求评估制定的发展战略；还有援助以及 当前的强制性谈判(如与国际货币基金会进行的债务拖欠问题谈判)所附带的的 大量治理条件。 daccess-ods.un.org | Further compounding factors in post-conflict cases [...] are the myriad humanitarian, peacebuilding, capacity-building and development [...]projects, mandated [...]peacekeeping missions, international non-governmental organizations acting as implementing agents and development strategies designed by and based on needs assessments by the World Bank and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), and the wide range of governance conditionalities for aid and immediate, obligatory negotiations, such as those on debt arrears with the International Monetary Fund (IMF). daccess-ods.un.org |
特别报告员强调无论如何应该尊重合法诉讼 权，提请关注宣布非常状态和以国家安全或反恐 的名义建立平 行的司法行政体系所导致的侵犯人 权和损害司法机关独立性的风险，同时指出了恐 怖主义和人权问题特别报告员的报告与他的报告 的共同点，比如司法机关在维护人权中的重要作 用或者剥夺恐怖主义嫌疑人的平等诉讼权，以及 主张拟定一项具有普遍性的宣言，在其中重申有 关在非常状态下保护人权的原则并加强这方面的 国际准则。 daccess-ods.un.org | Stressing that the right to a fair trial must be respected in all circumstances, he drew attention to the risks of human rights violations and impingements on the judicial independence posed by the declaration of states of emergency and the establishment of parallel justice systems in the name of national security or the struggle against terrorism. daccess-ods.un.org |
土耳其政府还称，调查小组主席和联合主席 对 封 锁 合法性的评价不可信，因 为该评价基于政治考虑，而不是基于法律考虑，并重申土耳其致力于采取一切法 律行动，制裁对人道主义援助 运输船队上平民犯下罪行的人。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Government of Turkey added that the assessment by the panel chairperson and [...] co-chairperson of the [...] legality of the blockade had no credibility, since it was based on political rather than legal considerations, and reaffirmed its commitment to take all legal action against those who had committed the crimes against civilians on the humanitarian flotilla. daccess-ods.un.org |
理事会确认该国面临巨大的人道主义 、 建 设 和 平及发展挑战，重申必须加强 南苏丹的经济及社会发展方案与和平与安全议程之间的协同增效作用，请秘书长 和联合国系统所有有关部门和机构以及国际金融机构和发展机构尽可能提供符 合本国优先事项的持续有效的人道 主义 、 建 设 和 平及可预测的发展援助，包括促 进能力建设，为长期发展奠定坚实的基础。 daccess-ods.un.org | Acknowledging the enormous humanitarian, peacebuilding and development challenges facing the country, and reaffirming the need to strengthen the synergy between the economic and social development programmes of South Sudan and its peace and security agenda, the Council requested the Secretary-General and all relevant organs and bodies of the United Nations system, as well as the international financial institutions and development agencies, to assist South Sudan, whenever possible, through continued effective humanitarian, peacebuilding and predictable development assistance, in conformity with national priorities, including the promotion of capacity-building in order to [...] lay a solid foundation for long-term development. daccess-ods.un.org |
如果海盗现象的范围扩大并决 [...] 定性地向南蔓延——再说一遍，我不想过分渲染—— 那么，我们就不能忽视它有朝一日同恐 怖 主义建 立更 密切联系的可能性。 daccess-ods.un.org | But if the scope of the phenomenon were to expand and move decisively southward — and, again, I do not wish to be [...] overly dramatic — then we cannot disregard the possibility that it may one day become [...] more closely associated with terrorism. daccess-ods.un.org |
不 論 是 尊 王 攘 夷 的 學 者 、 激 進 [...] 官 僚 或 是 忠 於 朝 廷 的 人 ， 此 等 人 士 主 要 也 是 來 自 武 士 階 級 ， 這 階 級 對 封 建 制 度 的 崩 潰 及 新 制 度 的 成 立 扮 演 了 [...]極 重 要 的 角 色 。 hkahe.com | These men, whether they were Sonno-Joi intellects, activists-bureaucrat or loyalists came mostly from [...] the samurai, the class which played [...] such an important part in the breakdown of the feudal system and the establishment of the new one. hkahe.com |
他們提出各項與候選人免費郵寄安排有 關的建議， 包括容許一份候選人名單／一名候選人將不同地方 選區或功能界別的候選人名單／候選人的競選資料刊印於同一 單張內而利用免付郵資的安排寄出；要求選民選擇透過何種途 徑接收選舉相關材料，以便一份候選人名單／一名候選人可向 同一登記地址的選民寄出一封信件 ；以及向候選人提供津貼(例 如以競選宣傳資助券的形式)以取代免付郵資的安排，透過向候 選人提供財政誘因和更大彈性，鼓勵候選人以較環保的方式派 發選舉相關材料。 legco.gov.hk | They made various suggestions relating to free mailing arrangements for candidates including allowing a list of candidates/candidate to print in the same leaflet materials relating to the candidature of the lists of candidates or candidates from different GCs or FCs and send the letter free of postage, requiring electors to choose the means through which to receive election-related materials [...] so as to facilitate a list of candidates/candidate to send out one letter to electors with the same registered [...]address, and providing an allowance to candidates (e.g. in the form of an election publicity voucher) in lieu of free postage so as to provide financial incentive and more flexibility to candidates in distributing their election-related materials by environmental-friendly means. legco.gov.hk |
如Marsilio菲奇诺和Giovanni微微德拉米兰多拉学者用他们的希腊和希伯来文知识，调和与犹太神 秘 主义 ， 在 全 封 闭 的传统，并在一个philosophia perennia（一理念，将永远为真）搜索柏拉图基督教正统教义。 mb-soft.com | Scholars such as Marsilio Ficino and Giovanni Pico della Mirandola used their knowledge of Greek and Hebrew [...] to reconcile Platonic teachings with [...] Jewish mysticism, the Hermetic tradition, and Christian [...]orthodoxy in the search for [...]a philosophia perennia (a philosophy that would be always true). mb-soft.com |
英汉双解词典包含2273206条英汉词条，基本涵盖了全部常用单词的翻译及用法，是英语学习的有利工具。