| 单词 | 对流层 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 | 对流层 adjective —tropospheric adj对流层 —lower atmosphereExamples:对流层顶—top of troposphere • tropopause See also:对流 n—troposphere n 对流 adj—convective adj 流层 n—troposphere n • tropospheric n
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参看，环境署的研究报告，“限制短期 [...] 气候变化和改善空气质量的措施：对黑碳 和 对流层 臭 氧 的综合评估”，2011 年(即将出版)。 daccess-ods.un.org | See, the UNEP study, “Measures to Limit Near-Term [...] Climate Change and Improve Air Quality: An Integrated Assessment of [...] Black Carbon and Tropospheric Ozone”, 2011 [...](forthcoming). daccess-ods.un.org |
大气层”――或空气质量――是“地球周围的气体混合物”、其中 大部分存在于“对流层”和 “平流层”。 daccess-ods.un.org | The atmosphere — or air-mass — is a mixture of gases that surrounds the earth, most of it existing in the troposphere and stratosphere. daccess-ods.un.org |
第二、排放到“对流层上部 ”和“同温层”的氯氟烃(CFC)和哈龙造 成臭氧的耗损。 daccess-ods.un.org | Second, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and halons emitted [...] into the upper troposphere and stratosphere cause ozone [...]depletion. daccess-ods.un.org |
第三、“对流层”和“平流层下部”的组成发生变化就 会引起“气候变化”。 daccess-ods.un.org | Third, changes in the composition of the troposphere and lower stratosphere cause climate change. daccess-ods.un.org |
主要存在于对流层和同 温层的大气(气圈)是地球上最大的单一天然资源，是 维护人类的生存所不可缺少的。 daccess-ods.un.org | The atmosphere (air mass), mostly existing in the troposphere and stratosphere, is the planet’s largest single natural resource, and it is indispensable for the survival of humankind. daccess-ods.un.org |
在“对流层”和 “同温层”， 大部分气体的相对比例是相当稳定的，在科学上，这些“气层”一起组成“下大 [...] 气层”，它往上延伸至平均海拔 50 公里的高度，而与“上大气层”区别开来。 daccess-ods.un.org | In the troposphere and the stratosphere, the relative [...] proportions of most gases are fairly stable; scientifically these [...]spheres are grouped together as the “lower atmosphere”, which extends to an average altitude of 50km, and are distinguished from the “upper atmosphere”. daccess-ods.un.org |
20 “对流层”内 部的状况严重影响 到地球表面的天气、包括“云的形成”、“浓浊度”和“降水”。 daccess-ods.un.org | These are called “greenhouse gases”.20 [...] Conditions within the troposphere heavily affect [...]the weather on the earth’s surface, including [...]cloud formation, haziness, and precipitation. daccess-ods.un.org |
大多数的“气 体”和“气溶胶”会被“对流层”中 的一种天然的“清洁过程”所清除，但是， [...] 当“排放量”达到覆没“这一过程”的程度时，就开始发生“气候变化”。 daccess-ods.un.org | Most gases and aerosols are expunged by a natural “cleansing [...] process” in the troposphere, but when emissions [...]overwhelm this process, climate change begins to occur. daccess-ods.un.org |
近年来，已有越来越多的科学证据表明，所谓的 “ 对流层 臭 氧 ”和“黑碳”是在大气中直接 威胁空气质量和气候变化的两种物质。 daccess-ods.un.org | In recent years, there has been growing scientific evidence [...] that so-called “tropospheric ozone” and “black [...]carbon” are the two substances in [...]the atmosphere directly threatening both the air quality and climate change. daccess-ods.un.org |
它们是：大气中四氯化碳浓 2 度的测量，多数在低层大气（对流层 ） ， 在 高 层大气（平流层下部）有 一 些辅助测量；《 蒙 特利尔议定书》第 7 条下提供的关于国家四氯化碳消费量的报告，以及来自行业来源和国 家与执行机构提交给秘书处的项目数据中包含的行业生产量和使用量的报告。 multilateralfund.org | They are: measurements of CTC concentrations in the atmosphere, largely in the lower atmosphere (troposphere) with some supporting measurements in the upper atmosphere (lower stratosphere); reports on national CTC consumption provided under Article 7 of the Montreal Protocol, and; reports of 2 industrial production and use, available from industry sources and also contained in project data provided to the Secretariat by countries and implementing agencies. multilateralfund.org |
大约有 80%的空气 质量存在于“对流层”， 20%存在于“同温层”。 daccess-ods.un.org | Approximately 80% of air mass exists in the troposphere and approximately 20% in the stratosphere. daccess-ods.un.org |
对流层和平流层的数据紧密相连，两个数据集都被纳入 2006 [...] 年科 学评估小组的“臭氧消耗科学评估：2006 年”报告中，其中估计，2004 年全球四氯化碳的 排放总量约为 70,000 公吨（77,000 ODP 吨）。 multilateralfund.org | Tropospheric and stratospheric [...] data is strongly interlinked and both data sets were integrated into the findings of the [...]2006 Scientific Assessment Panel (SAP) in their “Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2006” report, in which it was estimated that global emissions of CTC in 2004 totalled some 70,000 metric tonnes (77,000 ODP tonnes). multilateralfund.org |
人类活动引起气候变化的主要原因是额外的“微量气 体”，例如二氧化碳(CO [...] )、氧化亚氮(N O)、甲烷(CH )、氟氯化碳和“对流层 的臭氧(O )”。 daccess-ods.un.org | The main cause of human-induced climate change is additional trace [...] gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO ), nitrous oxide (N O), methane (CH 4), [...] chlorofluorocarbons, and tropospheric ozone (O ). daccess-ods.un.org |
在研究生态系统中紫外 [...] 线变化影响方面出现的进展将有助于评估太阳紫外线辐射的变化如何影响碳循 环和微量气体（包括对流层臭氧）及影响空气质量的浮质的化学性质。 conf.montreal-protocol.org | This progress in research into the effects of UV changes in ecosystems would contribute to the assessment of how changes in solar UV radiation would affect [...] the carbon cycle and the chemistry of trace [...] gases (including tropospheric ozone) and aerosols [...]that affected air quality. conf.montreal-protocol.org |
较低层的（对流层）测 量可以从固定测量站和具体地点大气的一次性取样或围绕具体交通 [...] 路线（如铁路）中得到。 multilateralfund.org | Lower level (tropospheric) measurements [...] are available from both fixed measuring stations and from the once-off sampling [...]of air at specific locations or along specific transport routes (for example railways). multilateralfund.org |
利用日本GAME资料、TRMM卫星资料及中国730站降水资料研究了1998年夏季亚洲地 区 对流层 至 平 流层低频振荡（LFO）的传播特征及该年长江中下游夏季降水变化的LFO型，结果表明：1998年5—8月，在青藏高原经纬度上 ， 对流层 L F O 的东西向传播特征与季节变化有关。 cmsjournal.net | The propagation characteristics of the atmospheric low frequency (LF, 30--60 days) oscillation (LFO) around the Tibetan Plateau from troposphere to stratosphere and its relationship with the floods over the mid-lower reaches of the Yangtze River in the summer of 1998 are studied, based on the GAME dataset from Meteorological Research Institute (MRI)/Japan Meteorological Agency, the TRMM satellite rainfall and the 730-station precipitation over China. cmsjournal.net |
但是，近年来科学家们发现，黑碳和 对流层 的 臭 氧也会引起气候变化。 daccess-ods.un.org | In recent years, however, scientists are finding that [...] black carbon and troposphere ozone are also [...]responsible for climate change. daccess-ods.un.org |
根据实验室测量结果，此化合物在对流 层的消除速度太慢，大部分 R-316c 无法被销毁。 conf.montreal-protocol.org | Laboratory measurements [...] had shown that tropospheric removal of the [...]compound was too slow to destroy substantial amounts of R-316c. conf.montreal-protocol.org |
学员还认识到，更好的大气建模（电 离 层 、 对流层 和 闪 烁）可 提高全球导航卫星系统的精确度，以为所有用户服务，因此还应探讨与全球了 [...] 解全球导航卫星系统异常相关的专题。 daccess-ods.un.org | It was also recognized that better atmospheric [...] modelling (ionosphere, troposphere and scintillation) [...]could improve GNSS accuracy for all users, and that therefore topics related [...]to a global understanding of GNSS anomalies should also be addressed. daccess-ods.un.org |
在确定卫星与全球定位系统接收器之 间的距离时采用信号穿过电离层和 对流层 期 间产生的不同误差。 daccess-ods.un.org | Different errors in the determination of [...] the distance between satellite and GPS receiver were introduced while the [...] signal traversed the ionosphere and troposphere. daccess-ods.un.org |
卫星信号误差 分析需要确定电离层电子总含量或 对流层 大 气 水汽分布等地球物理参数。 daccess-ods.un.org | The analysis of the satellite signal errors led to the determination of geophysical [...] parameters such as the total electron content in the ionosphere or atmospheric water [...] vapour distribution in the troposphere. daccess-ods.un.org |
Natasha DeLeon-Rodriguez及其同事分析了在对流层 上 部 的样本中发现的细菌和真菌，这些样本是由美国宇航局（NASA）和其他机构的科研人员在2010年的两场大的热带飓风Earl和Karl之前、之中和之后通过包括跨大陆飞行的多次飞行，在有云和无云的空气团中收集的。 chinese.eurekalert.org | Natasha DeLeon-Rodriguez and colleagues analyzed bacteria and fungi [...] found in upper troposphere samples collected [...]by researchers from NASA and elsewhere [...]during numerous flights, including intercontinental journeys, in cloudy and cloud-free air masses before, during, and after the two major 2010 tropical hurricanes Earl and Karl. chinese.eurekalert.org |
平流层 位于对流层上方 ，呈分层稳定状，海拔约在10公 里至50公里（高纬度为9公里，热带地区为16公 里）。 on-the-move.org | Highly stratified region of atmosphere above the troposphere extending [...] from about 10 km (ranging from 9 km in high latitudes [...]to 16 km in the tropics) to about 50 km. on-the-move.org |
与“大气层”有关的这三个主要国际问题―― “空气污染”、“臭氧层耗 损”和“气候变化”――涉及到 对流层 和 同 温层，21 不过，在每一种情况下，主 要的促成因素有所不同。 daccess-ods.un.org | These three main international issues concerning the atmosphere — air pollution, ozone depletion and climate change — relate to the troposphere and the stratosphere,21 although major contributing factors may be different in each case. daccess-ods.un.org |
关于全球覆盖的充分性，有 证据显示，很少有印度次大陆区域的 对流层 数 据。 multilateralfund.org | In regard to the adequacy of global coverage, it was indicated that [...] there is little tropospheric data available [...]for the Indian sub-continent region. multilateralfund.org |
我们必须对减少二氧化碳排放的 [...] 行动采取补充措施，以减少黑碳、甲烷 、 对流层 臭氧和氢氟碳等短期气候致变因素，从而防止全球气温今 [...]后 10 年再上升高达一摄氏度。 daccess-ods.un.org | We must complement the action on carbon dioxide by reducing [...] short-lived climate forcers such as black [...] carbon, methane, tropospheric ozone and hydrofluorocarbons [...]in order to prevent an additional [...]increase of as much as one degree Celsius in global warming over the next decades. daccess-ods.un.org |
喷气流是环绕着对流层上部 移动、从西向东以 240 至 720 公里的时速高速流动。 daccess-ods.un.org | Jet streams are westerly winds (i.e. flowing from west to east) moving around the upper stratum of the troposphere. daccess-ods.un.org |
该方案将促进对平流层臭氧 耗竭机理的研究。 oosa.unvienna.org | The programme will contribute to the study of the [...] mechanisms of stratospheric ozone depletion. oosa.unvienna.org |
学员指出， 将通过一套连续运行的基准台站观测系统，建立沙特阿拉伯连续运行全球导航 [...] 卫星系统网络，根据这样一个密度，来自阿拉伯半岛各地的专业人员均可将其 作为一个参照，用于地理参照活动，以及地球动力、电 离 层 和 对流层 研 究 方面 的科学应用。 daccess-ods.un.org | Participants noted that the Continuous Operating GNSS Network (COGNET) for Saudi Arabia would be realized through a set of continuously operating reference station observation systems at such a density that professionals could use it as reference from anywhere on the Arabian [...] Peninsula for their geo-referencing activities and scientific applications in [...] geodynamics, ionospheric and troposheric research. daccess-ods.un.org |
在层 状冷云及对流云人工增雨潜力区，采用人工增雨催化作业技术；建立人工增雨综合决 策技术系统。 wrdmap.org | In the artificial rain [...] potential area of bedded cold clouds and convective clouds, adopt [...]artificial rain-increasing catalysis techniques. wrdmap.org |
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