单词 | 学科 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
释义 | 学科 noun —subject nless common: course n • study n • field n 学科 —academic discipline • branch of learning 科学 noun, plural —scientists pl科学 —scientific knowledgeExamples:多学科 adj—multidisciplinary adj 跨学科 n—multidisciplinary n • cross-disciplinary n • transdisciplinary n • interdisciplinarity n 多学科 n—multidisciplinarity n 生命科学 n—life science n 科学园 n—science park n 科学研究—scientific research 科学馆 n—science museum n
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需要专业研究生或者最好是博士级的高等大学学位,具有经济学、商业管理、财政、公共 行政或其他相关学科学位者优先。 multilateralfund.org | D level would be required with preference in economics, business administration, finance, public administration or any other relevant field. multilateralfund.org |
因此不得对囚犯实施包括医 学或科学实验 等非人道或侮辱性的对待或惩罚;对被剥夺自由者以外的任何人, [...] 不得使之陷入困境或限制其自由。 daccess-ods.un.org | For this reason, prisoners cannot be subject to inhuman or [...] degrading treatment or punishment, [...] including medical or scientific experimentation, [...]nor to hardship or to constraint other [...]than those which result directly from the deprivation of freedom. daccess-ods.un.org |
作为“新开端”的一部分,专家组建议矿产和能源部成立一个 多 学科 、多 技能的金伯利进程管理委员会,由矿产和能源部主持和列入除其他外科特迪瓦海 [...] 关、警察、宪兵、外交部以及民间社会等方面的个人,因为所有这些机构都应在 确保建立金伯利进程框架、确保该框架的有效实施以及持续发展方面发挥作用。 daccess-ods.un.org | As part of the new start, the Group suggested to [...] the Ministry of Mines and Energy the [...] creation of a multidisciplinary and multi-skilled [...]Kimberley Process management committee, [...]to be chaired by the Ministry of Mines and Energy and to include individuals from, inter alia, customs, the police, the gendarmerie, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and civil society, as all these institutions should be playing a role in ensuring the creation of a Kimberley Process framework, as well as its effective implementation and continued development. daccess-ods.un.org |
另一代表团说,应该为主席制定如何处理不同情况的导则,因为不同的事情需要 在科学建议 的基础上不同程度的协调一致。 codexalimentarius.org | Another delegation said that guidelines should be given to chairs on how to deal with different situations because it seemed to them [...] that different matters required a different degree of consensus also depending on the [...] availability of scientific advice. codexalimentarius.org |
一大批具体的建议已提交给对话的协调员,如建立大学的对话与网络;青 年 科学 家的 对话,邀请教科文组织教席担任者参与对话活动;两个地区的实习记者和资深新闻工作者的 对话;举行青年论坛;重新启动文学作品翻译委员会,增加用欧洲语言翻译的阿拉伯作品; 学校教科书的 比较研究;文化产业专业人士的对话;举办跨地区会议,探讨欧洲历史教科书 中阿拉伯伊斯兰文化的形象。 unesdoc.unesco.org | A host of concrete proposals were suggested to the coordinators of the Dialogue, such as: dialogue and networking among [...] universities; dialogue [...] among young scientists, involving UNESCO chairholders in dialogue activities; dialogue among student journalists and seasoned media practitioners from both regions; the holding of youth forums; reactivation of the Committee for the Translation of Literary Works and increase in the translation of Arabic works into European languages; a comparative study of school textbooks; dialogue involving [...]professionals from [...]cultural industries; the organization of an interregional conference on the image of Arab-Islamic culture in European history books. unesdoc.unesco.org |
根据《教育法》的规定,校外教育活动是对各类学校(其中包括培 养 学 生在 科学、技术、艺术、体育、旅游等方面的创造能力的学园)教育程序的有益补 充,也是对空闲时间的有效利用,同时校外教育机构开展活动可得到政府预算的 [...] 资助,而且这些机构的服务通常都是免费的,这使得它们可以惠及所有申请人 (不分籍贯、社会信仰、宗教等)。 daccess-ods.un.org | According to the Law on Education, these implement complementary activities to the [...] educational process at all [...] types of schools, including lyceums with the purpose to develop the creative skills of pupils in the field [...]of science, technology, [...]arts, sports, tourism, etc., as well as beneficial and pleasant leisure management, whilst the activity of the extra-school institutions is financed from the state budget, the services of these institutions being usually free of charge, this making them available for all applicants irrespective of their origin, social adherence, religion, etc. daccess-ods.un.org |
欧洲通信卫星组织的观察员向小组委员会通报了以下内容:2012 年世界无 [...] 线电通信会议的成果、宽带数字发展委员会(该委员会是国际电信联盟(国际 电联)秘书长和联合国教育、科学及 文化组织(教科文组织)总干事于 2010 [...] 年 成立的,目的是在该领域加速实现千年发展目标)的工作,以及欧洲通信卫星 组织缔约方大会 [...]2011 年第三十七次会议商定定期向缔约方报告通过欧洲通信卫 星组织的卫星进行播放的若干广播电视频道受到蓄意再三干扰的情况,强调指 出,自上次报告以来,这类干扰大幅度增加。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Subcommittee was informed by the observer for EUTELSAT-IGO about the outcome of the 2012 World Radiocommunication Conference, the work of the Broadband Commission for Digital Development, established by the Secretary-General of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and [...] the Director-General of the United Nations [...] Educational, Scientific and Cultural [...]Organization in 2010 with the aim of accelerating [...]the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals in that field, and the agreement of the thirty-seventh meeting of the EUTELSAT Assembly of Parties in 2011 to provide regular reports to the parties on repeated deliberate interference on several radio and television channels broadcast via EUTELSAT satellites, stressing that since the previous such report there had been a large increase in such interference. daccess-ods.un.org |
在某些情 [...] 况下,专门化的和特定行业的能力使得人们可以利用信通技术支持基因测序、组 织取样以及材料科学和化 学方面日益增长的技术。 daccess-ods.un.org | In some cases, specialized and industry-specific capabilities are enabling the use of [...] ICTs to support gene sequencing, tissue sampling, and a growing array of techniques [...] in materials sciences and chemistry. daccess-ods.un.org |
从更广的角度来讲,自成立以来,指导管理 局工作的关键目标之一是推动在“区域”开展工作的海 洋 科学 研 究 界采取更开放 的科学做法 ,以造福全人类,为此鼓励开 展 科学 研 究 ,尤其是就采矿活动对环境 的影响开展研究,尽可能确保公众可获得尽可能多的资料,从而为管理局的发展 中国家成员国更好地理解现有资料以及建立它们参与此 类 科学 活 动 的能力奠定 基础。 daccess-ods.un.org | At a more general level, one of the key objectives behind the Authority’s work since its [...] establishment has been to promote [...] more open science within the marine scientific research communities working in the Area for the benefit of all mankind, by encouraging scientific research, especially on the impacts of mining activities on the environment, and ensuring the public availability of as much material as possible, thus laying a basis for developing States members of the Authority to better understand what is available and develop their capacity to participate in such science. daccess-ods.un.org |
大会第六十四届会议请科学委员 会继续进行其工作,包括进行重要的活动, 以增加对一切来源之电离辐射量、影响和危险的认识; 请 科学 委 员 会下届会议继 续审查电离辐射领域的各项重要问题,并就此向大会第六十五届会议提出报告; 并决心资源分配一旦确定,便在科学 委 员 会第五十七届会议后,但不迟于大会第 六十四届会议结束前,就委员会的组成作出决定(第 64/85 号决议)。 daccess-ods.un.org | At its sixty-fourth session, the General [...] Assembly requested the Scientific Committee to continue its work, including its important activities to increase knowledge of the levels, effects and risks of ionizing radiation from all sources; requested the Scientific Committee to continue at its next session the review of the important questions in the field of ionizing radiation and to report thereon to the Assembly at its sixty-fifth session; and resolved to take a decision on the membership of the Scientific Committee once a [...]decision on resource allocation [...]had been made and after the fifty-seventh session of the Scientific Committee but no later than the end of the sixty-fourth session of the General Assembly (resolution 64/85). daccess-ods.un.org |
其他与会者建议关注的优先领域包括:气候变化、防灾备灾、通过资源可持续 管理减少生物多样性的损失、可再生能源、国 家 科学 与 技 术战略的制定、促进地方和本地知识系 统,以及改进科学家与决策者的联系。 unesdoc.unesco.org | Other suggested areas of priority attention included: climate change, disaster prevention and preparedness, minimizing biodiversity loss through sustainable management of resources, renewable energies, the [...] formulation of national [...] strategies in science and technology, the promotion of local and indigenous knowledge systems as well as improving the links between scientists and decision-makers. unesdoc.unesco.org |
科技咨询机构还赞赏地注意到,这两项活动,尤其是研讨会协助加强了 科学界与 政策界之间的交流,并加强了缔约方对新提出 的 科学 研 究 成果、发展中 国家通信和研究相关能力建设问题以及在研究对话中讨论的其他问题的考虑和理 解。 daccess-ods.un.org | It further noted with appreciation that both events, especially the workshop, contributed to [...] an enhanced [...] communication between the science and policy communities, and to an enhanced consideration and understanding by Parties of emerging scientific findings and related [...]issues on communication [...]and research-related capacity-building in developing countries and other issues addressed under the research dialogue. daccess-ods.un.org |
在克罗地亚和执行委员会签订的协定中,2005 年附件 A 第一类(氟氯化碳)的最大 允许消费量是 65 ODP 吨,2010 年为 0 ODP 吨;对其间年份,协定没有设定确切数字,但 规定:“消耗臭氧层物质的法律(1999 年 1 月 30 日)列有条款,规定在 2006 年至 2009 年期间,作为一项特例,最多可进口 21.9 [...] ODP 吨附件 A(第一类和第二类)和/或附件 B [...] (第二类和第三类)或含有这些物质的产品,但这些物质和/或产品得用于维护人、植物和 /或动物的生命;国防、安保和消防; 和 科学 研 究 安全,以及这些产品不能以对环境友好和 [...]在经济上可行的代用品取代”。 multilateralfund.org | In the agreement between Croatia and the Executive Committee, the maximum allowable consumption for Annex A, Group I (CFCs) for the year 2005 was 65 ODP tonnes, for 2010 0 ODP tonne; and for the years in between, the agreement provides no exact figure but stipulates that "The By-Law on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (of 30 January 1999) includes a clause on importing on an exceptional basis between 2006 and 2009 up to 21.9 ODP tonnes of Annex A (Groups I and II) and/or Annex B (Groups II and III) or products containing these substances, when these substances and/or products are for preserving human, plant and/or animal [...] life; national defence, safety and [...] fire-fighting; and scientific research safety, [...]when such products cannot be replaced [...]by environmentally-sound and economically-viable alternatives”. multilateralfund.org |
科学家发 现,覆盆子富含黄酮类化合物和维生素C,具有激活和修复肌肤的作用。在娇韵诗专利化合物锁颜美白系统(Lock-Around [...] System ™ HP)中,娇韵诗将覆盆子与抗坏血酸酸-2-葡萄糖苷相结合,获得了新一代的维生素C,这种维生素C可以不断地渗透到皮肤中,产生一种持久的抗自由基和抗黑色素形成的作用。 clarinsusa.com | Scientists have found the Raspberry [...] to have exceptional skin energizing and repairing properties thanks to its high content [...]of flavonoids and Vitamin C. In its Lock-Around System ® HP, Clarins has combined it with Ascorbyl acid-2-glucoside, a new generation Vitamin C which continuously diffuses into the skin to provide a long-lasting, anti-free radical and anti-melanogenesis action. clarinsusa.com |
各国代表团尤其重点提及以下实际措施:促进 海洋科学研究 ;制订研究活动的行为守则;进行环境影响评估,包括在一般环境影 [...] 响评估的框架内制订评估对海洋遗传资源的影响的准则;建立合作和分享海洋遗传 资源研究产生的信息和知识的机制,包括让发展中国家的研究人员更多地参加相关 [...] 研究项目;建立海洋保护区;讨论分享惠益的可行方案,包括协助获取样本的方案; 审议国家管辖范围以外区域海洋遗传资源涉及的知识产权问题(A/65/68,第73段)。 daccess-ods.un.org | Notably, delegations highlighted the [...] following practical measures: the [...] promotion of marine scientific research; the development [...]of codes of conduct for research [...]activities; environmental impact assessments, including the development of guidance on assessments of impacts on marine genetic resources within the general environmental impact assessment process; the establishment of mechanisms for cooperation and the sharing of information and knowledge resulting from research on marine genetic resources, including by increasing the participation of researchers from developing countries in relevant research projects; the establishment of marine protected areas; discussions on practical options for benefit-sharing, including options for facilitating access to samples; and consideration of the intellectual property aspects of marine genetic resources beyond areas of national jurisdiction (A/65/68, para. 73). daccess-ods.un.org |
因此,会议促请拥有先进生 物技术的所有缔约国采取积极措施,促进在平等和无歧视基础上开展技术转让和 国际合作,尤其是与该领域中不那么先进的国家开展技术转让和国际合作,同时 [...] 促进《公约》的基本目标,并确保 科学 技 术 的普及完全符合《公约》的和平目标 [...]和宗旨。 daccess-ods.un.org | Therefore, the Conference urges all States Parties possessing advanced biotechnology to adopt positive measures to promote technology transfer and international cooperation on an equal and non-discriminatory basis, particularly with countries less advanced in this field, while promoting the basic objectives [...] of the Convention, as well as ensuring that the [...] promulgation of science and technology [...]is fully consistent with the peaceful [...]object and purpose of the Convention. daccess-ods.un.org |
除正在议程项目 3 下审议的共同文件外,经社会还收到了环境与发展 委员会第二届会议的报告(文件 [...] E/ESCAP/68/10)、以及以下两份资料性文件: 东亚和东南亚地球科学方案协调委员会的报告(文件 E/ESCAP/68/INF/4)和湄 [...]公河委员会的报告(文件 E/ESCAP/68/INF/5)。 daccess-ods.un.org | In addition to the common documents being considered under agenda item 3, the Commission had before it the report of the Committee on Environment and Development on its second session (E/ESCAP/68/10) and two information [...] documents: the report of the Coordinating [...] Committee for Geoscience Programmes in [...]East and Southeast Asia (E/ESCAP/68/INF/4) [...]and the report of the Mekong River Commission (E/ESCAP/68/INF/5). daccess-ods.un.org |
除其他倡议外,土耳其政府宣布建立一个专门面 向最不发达国家的国际科学技术 创新中心,并将其作为“技术银行”,帮助这些 [...] 国家获取和利用关键技术。 daccess-ods.un.org | Among other initiatives, the Government [...] of Turkey announced the establishment of [...] an international science, technology and [...]innovation centre dedicated to least developed [...]countries, which will also serve as a “technology bank” to help them access and utilize critical technologies. daccess-ods.un.org |
几个代表团指出,私营标准在他们国家对进出口和经济有负面影响,特别是小规 模的生产商;实施困难;没有科学基 础;制定标准不公开透明;没有解决标准争议的程 [...] 序;声称这些标准比公共标准安全可能会误导消费者。 codexalimentarius.org | Several delegations pointed out that private standards had a negative impact on export and economies in their countries, especially on small scale producers; [...] they were difficult to implement; they [...] were not based on science; their development [...]was not open and transparent; there was [...]no dispute settlement procedure for these standards; and claims stating that these standards were safer than public standards might mislead consumers. codexalimentarius.org |
需要定期对适应活动的执行情况进行监测和评 估,并在考虑到基本的科学假设 的正确性,以及项目、政策和方案的适当性,包 [...] 括其有效性、效率及总效用的前提下,对执行工作进行调整。 daccess-ods.un.org | The implementation of adaptation needs to be monitored, evaluated regularly and [...] revised in terms of both the validity [...] of the underlying scientific assumptions and [...]the appropriateness of projects, policies [...]and programmes, including their effectiveness, efficiency and overall utility. daccess-ods.un.org |
若干代表请秘书处进一步增强与其他联合国单位之间的伙伴关系 [...] 和协作,诸如国际减少灾害风险战略(减灾战略)机构间秘书处、人道 主义协调事务厅、外层空间事务厅、以及与其他区域和次区域组织的 [...] 伙伴关系和协作,诸如东南亚国家联盟(东盟)、南亚区域合作联 盟、太平洋岛屿应用地质科学委员 会、亚洲灾害防范中心、以及亚洲 减灾中心等在灾害风险管理和减少灾害风险领域内。 daccess-ods.un.org | Several representatives requested that the secretariat further enhance partnerships and collaboration with other United Nations entities, such as the Inter-Agency Secretariat of the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR), the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs and the Office for Outer Space Affairs, and with regional and subregional organizations, such as the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, the South Asian Association [...] for Regional Cooperation, the Pacific [...] Islands Applied Geoscience Commission, the [...]Asian Disaster Preparedness Center (ADPC) [...]and the Asian Disaster Reduction Center (ADRC), in the area of disaster risk management and risk reduction. daccess-ods.un.org |
代表们一致认为各种有效的农业措施,如修复退化土地 、 科学 管 理牧场、改 进作物栽培技术、改善农业水资源管理、水产养殖和农林间作的最佳实践、开发沼 气等,都有助于实现减缓和适应气候变化的目标。 fao.org | Delegates agreed that various [...] successful agricultural practices – including restoration of degraded lands, sound management [...]of grazing lands, improved [...]crop cultivation, improved agriculture water management, best practices in aquaculture and agroforestry and development of biogas – can contribute to both adaptation and mitigation objectives. fao.org |
有,同样,许多元素tannaitic传统,特别是圣经midrashic注释,以及众多halakic解释,辞书和材料,这是在较受限制的米示拿的意思解释为进入犹太法典纳入准备一,当米示拿犹大成为标准halakic工作,作为对宗教法律问题的决定都源,而且,更特别是,作为一个在院校研究的课题,对犹太法典的mishnaic文本的解释,无论在理论上并在实践中,自然就成了最重要的研究分支,包括传 统 科学 的 其 他分支,被来自的halakah和midrash(halakic训诂学)派生,也包括haggadic材料,但向未成年人的程度。 mb-soft.com | There were, likewise, many elements of tannaitic tradition, especially the midrashic exegesis of the Bible, as well as numerous halakic interpretations, lexicographical and material, which were ready for incorporation into the Talmud in its more restricted meaning of the interpretation of the Mishnah of Judah I. When this Mishnah became the standard halakic work, both as a source for decisions of questions of religious law, and, even more especially, as a subject of study in the academies, the Talmud interpretation of the mishnaic text, both in theory and in practise, naturally became the most important branch [...] of study, and included the other branches [...] of traditional science, being derived [...]from the Halakah and the Midrash (halakic [...]exegesis), and also including haggadic material, though to a minor degree. mb-soft.com |
在科学和技 术小组委员会第四十九届会议上,外层空间活动长期可持续性 工作组商定,该工作组设立的专家组应当根据其工作编写工作文件草案,并且 [...] 最好在委员会第五十五和五十六届会议间隙和(或)期间以联合国六种正式语 文提供这些工作文件,征求和平利用外层空间委员会成员国和常驻观察员的意 [...]见(A/AC.105/1001,附件四,第 16 和 17 段)。 daccess-ods.un.org | At the forty-ninth [...] session of the Scientific and Technical Subcommittee, [...]the Working Group on the Long-term Sustainability [...]of Outer Space Activities agreed that the expert groups established by the Working Group should prepare draft working documents on the basis of their work, and that those working documents should be made available, in the six official languages of the United Nations, for comments by member States and permanent observers to the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space, preferably on the margins of and/or during the fifty-fifth and fifty-sixth sessions of the Committee (A/AC.105/1001, annex IV, paras. 16 and 17). daccess-ods.un.org |
它强调了科学工作 人员的下述权利:“对某些项目的人文、社会或生物学价值自由表示意见,如果 [...] 他们的良心要求他们退出项目,作为最后办法,他们可自由退出”;它还建议提 供有力的揭发内幕保护。 daccess-ods.un.org | It stressed [...] the right of scientific researchers to [...]“express themselves freely on the human, social or ecological value of [...]certain projects and, in the last resort, withdraw from those projects if their conscience so dictates”; it also recommended strong whistle-blower protections. daccess-ods.un.org |
在这方面,我们主要的担 心是:若是既加强国际水平的数据库知识产权保护,又鼓励在新的商用数据库产品和服务 [...] 方面增加投资,可能会同时大大减少发展中国家 的 科学 家 和 研究员对其中所包含数据的使 用,因为他们通常缺少支付必要订费的财力。 iprcommission.org | Our central concern here, therefore, is that a strengthening of IP protection for databases at the international level, whilst encouraging more investment in new commercial database products and [...] services, may at the same time greatly reduce [...] the access of scientists and researchers [...]in developing countries to the data they [...]contain because they will often lack the financial means to pay for the necessary subscriptions. iprcommission.org |
这通常意味着通过各种方案支持和加强政府供资的研究,发展与私营企 [...] 业和其他方面的伙伴关系,例如,在与粮食安全有关的情况下,发展与农民的伙 伴关系,促进科学研究自由。 daccess-ods.un.org | Usually, this implies the adoption of programmes to support and strengthen publicly funded research, to develop partnerships with private [...] enterprises and other actors, such as farmers in the context of food security, and to [...] promote freedom of scientific research. daccess-ods.un.org |
在介绍秘书长关于大会第 65/160 号决议执行情 [...] 况和《联合国关于在发生严重干旱和/或荒漠化的国 家特别是在非洲防治荒漠化的公约》执行情况的报告 (A/66/291, 第二章)时,他说,文件提供了高级别 [...] 会议筹备情况的最新信息,并审查了公约执行情况审 查委员会第九届会议及科学和技 术委员会第二届特 别会议的议程和成果。 daccess-ods.un.org | Introducing the report of the Secretary-General on the implementation of General Assembly resolution 65/160 and the implementation of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa (A/66/291, chap. II), he said that the document provided updates on the preparations for the High-level Meeting and reviewed the proceedings and outcomes of the ninth session of the Committee for the [...] Review of the Implementation of the Convention and the second special session of [...] the Committee on Science and Technology. daccess-ods.un.org |
此 外,还与联合国教科文组织、美国民间研究开发基金会签订了合作协议;ASM 与 INTAS 合作协定要求实施“2005 年摩尔多瓦-INTAS [...] 合作研究计划”和“2005 年 摩尔多瓦-INTAS 青年科学家学术研 究奖金”,同时摩尔多瓦共和国与国际原子能 [...]机构技术合作部签订了《2005 年摩尔多瓦技术合作国别计划框架》。 daccess-ods.un.org | Cooperation agreements have been concluded with UNESCO, the Civil Foundation of Research and Development from USA (CFRD), Convention between ASM and INTAS on their cooperation in the collaborative call for research projects [...] Moldova-INTAS 2005, Convention between ASM and INTAS on their cooperation in the collaborative [...] call for Young Scientists Fellowships Moldova-INTAS [...]2005, International [...]Atomic Energy Agency, Department of Technical Cooperation, Moldova Country programme Framework for technical cooperation, 2005 and others. daccess-ods.un.org |
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