| 单词 | 基因学 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 | 基因学 —geneticsSee also:基因 n—gene n • genetics pl • genomic n • genome n
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是否建立了其它相关的国家机构（如，健康研 究委员会，基因学研究中心等等）。 unesdoc.unesco.org | Have other relevant national bodies (health [...] research councils, genomics centres, etc.) [...]been established? unesdoc.unesco.org |
基因学方法 能够用来产生双特异性的Fab 二聚体(Fab2) [...] 和三特异性的Fab 三聚体(Fab3)。 labome.cn | Genetic methods are also [...] used to create bispecific Fab dimers (Fab2) and trispecific Fab trimers (Fab3). labome.com |
要在全球实行可持续发展，基因学和 生 物技术等新科学学科的迅速发展， 各国，尤其是发展中国家在科学教育和能力培养方面的需求日益增加，这些对现代科学都提出了新的挑战。 unesdoc.unesco.org | The need to globally implement sustainable development, [...] the explosive developments in [...] new scientific disciplines such as genomics and the biotechnologies, [...]and the increased needs [...]for science education and capacity-building, in particular in developing countries, pose new challenges for modern science. unesdoc.unesco.org |
(a) 除了国家免疫研究所（NII）之外，还考察了位于新德里的下述机构：国际基因工 程与生物技术中心（ICGEB）新德里分部；国家植物基因组研究中心；贾瓦哈拉 [...] 尔·尼赫鲁大学（JNU）生命科学院；德里大学（南校园）生物化学、植物分子 生物学、微生物学和基因学等系。 unesdoc.unesco.org | (a) As well as the National Institute for Immunology (NII), visits were also made to the following institutions located in New Delhi: the New Delhi Component of the International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB); National Centre for Plant Genome Research; School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University [...] (JNU); Departments of Biochemistry, Plant Molecular Biology, [...] Microbiology and Genetics, University of Delhi (South [...]Campus). unesdoc.unesco.org |
培训 班的主要内容包括：国际核苷酸序列数据库、分子进化与比 较 基因学 、 日本 DNA 数据库 （DDBJ）的使用、以及 DDBJ 中的数据库等。 unesdoc.unesco.org | The International Nucleotide Sequence Data Base, molecular evolution and comparative genomics, the use of the DNA Data Bank of Japan (DDBJ) and the databases available in the DDBJ were among the main issues addressed at the course that laid ground for cooperation between Indonesian and Japanese institutions. unesdoc.unesco.org |
在化学和生物科学方面，教科文组织推动建立了国际膜科学与技术中心（澳大利亚肯辛 顿）、国际细胞和分子生物学中心（ICCMB，波兰华沙）和一些生物技术教育和培训中心 [...] （BETCEN），如设在中国、匈牙利、墨西哥、巴勒斯坦权力机构和南非的中心，以及最近 [...] 在印度新德里成立的教科文组织第二类生物技术培训和教育地区中心和在以色列雷霍沃特成 立的教科文组织第二类国际生物信息 学 、 基因 组 学 和 蛋 白质组学培训中心（国际生物组学中 心）。 unesdoc.unesco.org | In the chemical and biological sciences, UNESCO promoted the establishment of the International Centre for Membrane Science and Technology (Kensington, Australia), the International Centre for Cell and Molecular Biology (ICCMB, Warsaw, Poland), and a number of the Biotechnology Education and Training Centres (BETCENs) such as those situated in China, Hungary, Mexico, the Palestinian Authority, and South Africa, as well as the recently established UNESCO category 2 Regional Centre for Biotechnology Training and Education in New Delhi, India, [...] and the UNESCO category 2 [...] International Bioinformatics, Genomics and Proteomics Training [...]Centre in Rehovot, Israel (International BIOmics Centre). unesdoc.unesco.org |
基因学的迅 速发展导致建立了数量越来越多、收藏内容越来越丰富的基因数据库；把 这些数据应用于非医学目的，有时从伦理学角度看是很有疑问的应用案例不断发生。 unesdoc.unesco.org | The rapid advance of genetics has led to the establishment [...] of an increasing number of wellstocked genetics data banks, together [...]with the increasing use of such data for non-medical purposes and for uses that are questionable from an ethical point of view. unesdoc.unesco.org |
在边缘生命科学领域帮助非洲地区创建一支庞大的非洲科技人员队伍：教科文组织将 根据全面和平协议确定的目标，创建一支规模庞大、有能力从事边缘生命科学研究的非洲科 技人员队伍，并更多地提供科技人员可承受的先进科研设施，供非洲地区从 事 基因 组 学 、生 物信息学、基因技术和免疫学等学科研究的非洲科学家使用和共享。 unesdoc.unesco.org | Helping to create a critical mass of African scientists and technicians in frontier life sciences: UNESCO will respond to the objectives of the CPA to create a critical mass of African scientists and technicians with the skills to engage in frontier life sciences and increasing access to, and sharing of, affordable state-of-the-art class research facilities for African scientists working in Africa in genomics, bioinformatics, gene technology, immunology, etc. Through its International Basic Sciences Programme (IBSP) and in close consultation with the United Nations Interagency Cooperation Network on Biotechnology (UN-BIOTECH), UNESCO will mobilize its networks and work with scientific NGOs to encourage intra-regional exchange and cooperation, including at the recently launched category 2 Regional Centre for Biotechnology Education and Training in India. unesdoc.unesco.org |
他现为史丹福大学基因及医 学教授，并为以其名字命名的实验室的首席研究员。 shawprize.org | He is Professor of Genetics and of Medicine, [...] and Principal Investigator of Stanley N Cohen Lab at Stanford University. shawprize.org |
在某些情 况下，专门化的和特定行业的能力使得人们可以利用信通技术支 持 基因 测 序 、组 织取样以及材料科学和化学方面 日益增长的技术。 daccess-ods.un.org | In some cases, specialized and industry-specific capabilities are [...] enabling the use of [...] ICTs to support gene sequencing, tissue sampling, and a growing array of techniques in materials sciences and chemistry. daccess-ods.un.org |
它也有很强的科学基础, 因为确 定 温度变化的关键因子是累计排放而不是年排放。 undpcc.org | It also has also [...] has a strong scientific basis, since the key factor determining [...]temperature change is cumulative emissions, rather than annual ones. undpcc.org |
在基础设 施方面，政府确保所有部落领地都设有 中 学 ， 因 为 这 是每个儿童 的宪法权利。 daccess-ods.un.org | In terms of infra structure [...] government has ensured that there are secondary schools in all chiefdoms as it is the Constitutional [...]right of every child. daccess-ods.un.org |
免疫学中心的实验室运用了一系列先进的知识技术（包括X射线晶体学、合成 化 学 、 基因 和 细胞因子的 阵列、转基因动物、流式细胞术和蛋白质组学），从多学科角度研究人体和小鼠的免疫系统。 australiachina.com.au | Laboratories in the Centre for Immunology use sophisticated technologies including X-ray crystallography, synthetic chemistry, gene and cytokine arrays, genetically modified animals, flow cytometry and proteomics in a multidisciplinary approach to studying immunity in humans, and in mice. australiachina.com.au |
启动了国际基因工程和生物技术中心（ICGEB）--第三世界科学院（TWAS）--教 科文组织/国际基础科学计划（UNESCO/IBSP）基础分子生物学联合项目，在与 [...] 发展中国家普遍相关的问题上提高前沿分子生 物 学基因 技 术 的能力，并促进研究 领域的南南合作和北南南合作 unesdoc.unesco.org | ICGEB-TWAS-UNESCO/IBSP Joint Project in Basic Molecular Biology launched [...] to increase capacities in cutting-edge [...] molecular biology and genomics on problems [...]of general relevance to developing countries [...]and to stimulate South-South and North-SouthSouth cooperation in research. unesdoc.unesco.org |
2008-2009 [...] 年，这些行动所用的资金十分有限，主要用于可行性研究，编制项目建议或选定的试 点活动，包括以色列全国委员会建议在雷霍沃特魏兹曼 科 学 研 究 所设立一个国际生物技术 （基因技术、蛋白质技术和生物信息技术）中心，在第比利斯（格鲁吉亚）建立一个高加索 生物技术研究所，国际联合核研究所（JINR）基准中心开展的发展中国家青年研究者培训活 [...] [...] 动，俄罗斯联邦关于教科文组织卫星科教项目的初步建议，埃塞俄比亚和其他会员国提出的 2011 年国际化学年建议以及成立教科文组织教席国际基础科学计划多国基金会。 unesdoc.unesco.org | In 20082009, these initiatives entailed very limited financial implications, principally for feasibility studies, the preparation of project proposals or selected pilot activities, including for the [...] creation of a [...] international Biomics (genomics, proteomics and bioinformatics) centre at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot [...]proposed by the Israeli [...]National Commission; the establishment in Tbilisi (Georgia) of a Caucasian Institute of Biotechnology; the development of the activity of the International JINR Benchmark Centre for training of young researchers from developing countries; the preliminary proposal by the Russian Federation for a UNESCO satellite science education project; the International Year of Chemistry in 2011 proposed by Ethiopia and other Member States; and the foundation of the IBSP cluster of UNESCO Chairs. unesdoc.unesco.org |
项目涵 盖有毒物质、微量元素，以及它们对环境和公众健康影响问题之间的关系；综合生物学及生 态学的复杂性；拉丁美洲在生物物理学方面的能力建设问题；数学教育的标准和目标方面的 国际观点；提高妇女在物理学领域的作用；实现共享 科 学 信 息 的电子手段；气象预报； 转基 因农产品；以及在地球系统科学内建 立新型海洋研究框架。 unesdoc.unesco.org | They cover the relationship between toxic metals, trace elements and their impact on environmental and public health issues; integrative biology and ecological complexity; Latin American capacity-building in biophysics; an international perspective on standards and goals for mathematics education; the promotion of women’s role in [...] physics; an electronic [...] way of sharing scientific information; weather forecasting; genetically modified crops; and establishment of a new framework for ocean research in the earth system science. unesdoc.unesco.org |
讲习班的主要目的是提供一个论坛，着重介绍最近取得的科学和技术成 果，以便：(a)通过对宇宙形成过程的跨学科研究，发展太阳物 理 学基 础 科学 （地 球、太阳和行星际空间之间的关系）；(b)确定地球和行星的磁层和大气层 对外来驱动因素的 反应；(c)促进在本星际介质以外进行太阳——日光层系统研 究；(d)推动太阳物理现象研究方面的现有和今后的国际科学合作；(e)在国际地 [...] 理物理年五十周年之际保护其传统和遗产；(f)向科学界和公众公布国际太阳物 理年的独特成果。 oosa.unvienna.org | The main objective of the Workshop was [...] to provide a forum [...] to highlight recent scientific and technical results in order to (a) develop the basic science of heliophysics (the connections between the Earth, the Sun and inter-planetary [...]space) through [...]cross-disciplinary studies of universal processes; (b) determine the response of terrestrial and planetary magnetospheres and atmospheres to external drivers; (c) promote research on the Sun-heliosphere system outward to the local interstellar medium; (d) foster international scientific cooperation in the study of heliophysical phenomena now and in the future; (e) preserve the history and legacy of the International Geophysical Year on its fiftieth anniversary; and (f) communicate unique results of the International Heliophysical Year to the scientific community and the general public. oosa.unvienna.org |
这些代表团还强调了它们对长期拖延通 过 基 于 非 科 学因 素 的 最高残留限量的关注， 并强调鉴于食典标准在世界贸易组织《卫生和植物检疫措施应用协定》下的地位，食 [...] 典委需要在科学基础上作出决定。 codexalimentarius.org | These delegations further highlighted [...] their concerns on the long delay to [...] adopt the MRLs based on nonscientific factors and stressed [...]the need for Codex to base its [...]decisions on science, in view of the status of Codex standards under the WTO SPS Agreement. codexalimentarius.org |
从试验上分析热喷或膨化工艺，由于其缺乏汽体膨胀做功的必要结果条件 ， 因 此 热 喷和膨化工艺从工程热 力 学 焓 、熵、火用、火无 等 基 础 热 力 学 过 程 来分析，缺乏对物料产生膨化做功的热力学条件，如果对未完成膨胀做功的热喷、自动蒸煮及膨化工艺，不顾工程热 力 学基 本 原 理，毫无任何学术价值臆想它与完成膨胀做功的汽爆一致，主观的认为爆破速度与结果无关，那么仅可以理解为一种商业宣传或者一种幻想。 gentle-st.com | From the experimental analysis of thermal sprayed or extruded on the process, the vapor expansion due to its lack of a necessary [...] result of doing work conditions, the thermal spray process from engineering thermodynamics and puffing enthalpy, entropy, [...] exergy, fire and other basic thermodynamic processes without analysis, the lack of materials thermodynamic conditions have puffed acting, if acting on the outstanding expansion of thermal spraying, and extrusion cooking process automatically, regardless of the basic principles of engineering thermodynamics, [...]without any academic value conjecture it to complete [...]the expansion work done with the same burst of steam, that the subjective speed blast nothing to do with the results, then only can be understood as a business promotion or a fantasy. gentle-st.com |
一位業界代表問，國際間對推行基因 改 造 食物標籤制度的態度。 cfs.gov.hk | One trade representative enquired the international approach on implementing the labelling system on GM food. cfs.gov.hk |
干旱发生日益频繁， 美国国家科学基金资 助的一项研究最近发现受旱面积过去 30 年来扩大了一倍以上，而 气候变化至少是原因之一。 wrdmap.org | Droughts are increasingly common, [...] and research funded by [...] the National Science Foundation in the US recently found that drought areas have more than doubled in the last 30 years, with climate change implicated as at least part of the cause. wrdmap.org |
然而，其中一些建议由于之后的活动和新的 所需条件的出现，尤其是业务连续性中央管理股的设立而时过境迁，该 [...] 股的目的是在全联合国更广泛的基础上处理业务连续性问题，同时考虑 到预防大流行病规划和其他非信息和通信技术方面(见 A/64/472 和本补 编第 [...] A/64/7/Add.8 号文件)，以及在因基本建 设总计划而引起迁移的情 [...]况下建立 1 个新的二级数据中心的需要(见 A/64/346/Add.1)。 daccess-ods.un.org | However, some of those proposals have been superseded as a result of subsequent events and the emergence of new requirements, in particular the establishment of a central business continuity management unit to address business continuity issues on a broader, Organization-wide basis, taking into account pandemic planning and other non-information and communications technology aspects (see A/64/472 [...] and document A/64/7/Add.8 in the present [...] supplement), as well as the requirement [...]for a new secondary data centre in the [...]context of the relocations due to the capital master plan (see A/64/346/Add.1). daccess-ods.un.org |
在医务科，拟新设 15 个本国员额(6 个本国干事和 9 个本国一般事务人员)， 因为该科在过去数年里已经扩大了它所提供的服务，这些服务包括联科行动总部 诊所不间断地运作，该诊所现在为强化一级诊所，而不是以前的一级诊所；病人 从三级医院出院后在他们家里对其进行追踪观察；定期对阿比让以及西区和东区 的 11 家三级医院的病人进行探访；区总部的医生开展外联活动，一周两次访问 地处偏远的办公室；在重要的活动期间向政府和作为联合国综合框架一部分的联 合国国家工作队提供支助；拟议在库马西后 勤 基 地 每 天提供八小时的医疗支助， 而不是目前的两小时。 daccess-ods.un.org | In the Medical Services Section, the establishment of 15 additional national posts (6 National Officers and 9 national General Service staff) is proposed, as the Section has over the past years expanded the services it provides, which include round-the-clock operation of the UNOCI headquarters clinic, which [...] is now functioning at level I-plus rather [...] than the previous level I; patients are followed up at their homes after discharge from level III hospitals; patients are regularly visited in the 11 level III hospitals in Abidjan and in Sector West and Sector East; doctors in the regional headquarters perform outreach activity by visiting remote offices twice a week; support is provided to the Government during important functions and to the United Nations country team as part of the United Nations integrated framework; and medical support is proposed to be provided eight hours a day at the logistics base in Koumassi as opposed to the current two hours a day. daccess-ods.un.org |
4 个一般临时人员职位中的 2 个，即 1 个 P-4 和 1 个 P-3 培训干事，以及 1 个 P-4 续设员额，目前由支助账户供资，负责设计、提供、升级、统一和评价 目前三个贯穿各领域的领导方案： 高级特派团领导方案为期 2 个星期的课程， 每年由一个会员国主办两次，每次有来自会员国、秘书处以及联合国机构、方案 和基金的 26 名候选人参加；高级领导方案是特派团所有 D-2 及以上级别的人员 必须参加的概况介绍课程，每年在纽约举行两次；高级行政管理和资源培训方案 为两组 40 名候选人提供的持续一年的强化方案，包含远程 教 学 和 为 期三个星期 的讲习班。 daccess-ods.un.org | Two of the 4 general temporary assistance positions, 1 P-4 and 1 P-3 Training Officers, and 1 P-4 continuing post, currently funded from the support account, design, deliver, upgrade, harmonize and evaluate three ongoing cross-cutting leadership programmes: the senior mission leaders’ programme, a two-week course, conducted twice annually at a host Member State, for 26 candidates from Member States, [...] the Secretariat, [...] the United Nations agencies, programmes and funds); the senior leaders’ programme, a compulsory orientation course for all mission personnel at the D-2 level and above, conducted twice annually in New York; and SMART, an intensive year-long programme involving distance learning and three week-long workshops for two groups [...]of 40 candidates. daccess-ods.un.org |
在本届会议上，社会科学及人文科学 委 员 会和自然 科 学 委 员 会审议了 35 C/COM SC/DR.1 号文件所建议的决议（提案国：奥地利、比利时、玻利维亚多民族国、 布 基 纳法 索、刚果、朝鲜民主主义人民共和国、丹麦、吉布提、多米尼加共和国、芬兰、冰岛、利比 亚、立陶宛、卢森堡、马达加斯加、新西兰、荷兰、挪威、帕劳、巴布亚新几内亚、波兰、 葡萄牙、萨摩亚、塞内加尔、斯洛文尼亚、瑞典、图瓦卢和乌拉圭；共同提案国：巴巴多 斯、哥斯达黎加、德国、哈萨克斯坦、拉脱维亚、黎巴嫩、马来西亚、摩纳哥、 巴 基 斯 坦、 所罗门群岛、苏里南和赞比亚），要求总干事利用教科文组织独有的 跨 学 科 背 景，加强教科 文组织在气候变化问题上的专业能力。 unesdoc.unesco.org | During this session, the SHS and SC Commissions examined the resolution proposed in document 35 C/COM SC/DR.1 (submitted by: Austria, Belgium, Plurinational State of Bolivia, Burkina Faso, Congo, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Finland, Iceland, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, New Zealand, Netherlands, Norway, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Poland, Portugal, Samoa, Senegal, Slovenia, Sweden, Tuvalu, Uruguay; co-sponsored by: Barbados, Costa Rica, Germany, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lebanon, Malaysia, Monaco, Pakistan, Solomon Islands, Suriname, and Zambia), requesting the Director-General to strengthen UNESCO’s specialized capacity on climate change, building upon UNESCO’s unique interdisciplinary profile. unesdoc.unesco.org |
几个代表团指出，私营标准在他们国家对进出口和经济有负面影响，特别是小规 模的生产商；实施困难；没有科学基 础 ； 制定标准不公开透明；没有解决标准争议的程 [...] 序；声称这些标准比公共标准安全可能会误导消费者。 codexalimentarius.org | Several delegations pointed out that private standards had a negative impact on export and economies in their countries, especially on small scale [...] producers; they were difficult to implement; [...] they were not based on science; their [...]development was not open and transparent; [...]there was no dispute settlement procedure for these standards; and claims stating that these standards were safer than public standards might mislead consumers. codexalimentarius.org |
现在，如果某个研 究者分离出某个基因并由于诸如该 基因 对 某 种疾病的诊断用途而被授予专利权，依靠专利 申请中的准确描述以及当地法律对该专利的解释，她就或许能够宣布拥有对 该 基因 所 有用 途的权利，包括那些尚未发现的用途。 iprcommission.org | At present, if a researcher isolates a gene and is granted a patent, for [...] example, for the use [...] of that gene as a diagnostic for a particular disease, depending upon the precise wording of the claim and the approach that the local law takes to interpretation of the patent, she may be able to assert rights over all uses of that gene, including those [...]as yet undiscovered. iprcommission.org |
不過，該規例並無限制附加更詳盡的標籤，以便告訴消費者，除歐盟 [...] 法例的規定外，已採取具體措施，嚴格避免在一些食品或飼料中攙雜 或使用基因改造生物。 legco.gov.hk | However, it does not forbid additional labelling practices that aim to inform consumers that, in addition to what is prescribed by the EU [...] legislation, specific measures have been taken to strictly exclude the [...] presence or the use of GMO in some food or [...]feed products. legco.gov.hk |
非政府组织还认为，社会科学及人文科学部门应开展有关评估和促进社会科学与人文 [...] 科学及哲学在社会中的作用与地位的一系列协调一致的活动，为这些学科的研究和 教 学基础 设施提供支持。 unesdoc.unesco.org | The suggestion was also made that SHS should develop a coherent set of activities concerning the assessment and fostering of the role and status of the [...] social and human sciences and philosophy in society and support research [...] and teaching infrastructures in these disciplines. unesdoc.unesco.org |
英汉双解词典包含2273206条英汉词条，基本涵盖了全部常用单词的翻译及用法，是英语学习的有利工具。