| 单词 | 垄断性 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 | 垄断性 adjective —monopolistic adjSee also:垄断 n—monopolisationBE n • monopolization n 垄断 adj—antitrust adj 垄断—enjoy market dominance 垄—row of crops • grave mound • ridge between fields
|
代表们 还指出，跨国公司有可能建立垄断性 地 位 ，将当地的生产商挤出去，从而减少东 [...] 道国工业的国际竞争力。 daccess-ods.un.org | Delegates further pointed out that TNCs [...] could establish a monopolistic position by crowding [...]out local players and reducing the [...]international competitiveness of the host country industry. daccess-ods.un.org |
进行经济监管是因为需要纠正市场失灵( 外部性、信息不对称和垄断性市场 结构) ，以实现由市场配置资源不可能达到的社会效率和公平结果。 daccess-ods.un.org | The case for economic regulations arises from the need to correct market [...] failures (externalities, information [...] asymmetries, and monopolistic market structure) [...]to achieve socially efficient and equitable [...]outcomes that are not possible by allowing markets to allocate resources. daccess-ods.un.org |
他们说，这样一份文书对于 确保国家保留使用武力的垄断性具有 根本重要性。 daccess-ods.un.org | They said that such an instrument was essential to ensure that the [...] State retains the monopoly on the use of force. daccess-ods.un.org |
这 一重要戒条产生了一些比较具体的要求，例如，必须避免对国家支持的对话项目 提出垄断性主张 ，尊重参加的自愿性质，遵守国家中立的原则，落实包容性理念。 daccess-ods.un.org | This general caveat leads to a number [...] of more specific requirements, such [...] as refraining from monopoly claims for Statesupported [...]dialogue projects, respecting [...]the voluntary nature of participation, observing the principle of State neutrality and doing justice to the idea of conceptual inclusiveness. daccess-ods.un.org |
王秋虎先生曾共同创立普能，担任执行董事，积极参与融资、团队建设及业务拓展，并于2008年主导收购世界知名储能技术公司—加拿大上市公司VRB Power System，使普能一举获得垄断性地位 ，成为世界钒电池行业领袖。 kaiwucapital.com | He co-founded the company from business plan stage and contributed through a wide range of tasks including team building, business planning, strategy, fund raising and business development, leading Prudent Energy’s acquisition of VRB Power Systems Inc “VRB”, a former TSX-V listed Vancouver Company and technology leader in the market segment in late 2008. kaiwucapital.com |
软件版权保护（尤其是允许不同的软件 [...] 和硬件之间兼容的接口软件）的反竞争效 果，是很多案子的核心部分，通常与 垄断性 的软件提供商，如微软89 有关。 cgfwatch.org | The anti-competitive effects of copyright protection of software, particularly of interfaces (which allow the inter-operability of different pieces of software or hardware) have been central in several cases, notably involving the dominant software provider, Microsoft.89 The main concern [...] in these cases has been the possible [...] leveraging of the monopoly power enjoyed in one [...]market to other markets through the control of interfaces. cgfwatch.org |
此外，开发 [...] 计划署和双边机构还指出，履约协助方案小组试 图 垄断 结 束 性 淘 汰 管理计划的编制和执行 工作，尤其是在非洲。 multilateralfund.org | Also UNDP and bilateral agencies have pointed to efforts by [...] the CAP team to monopolize the preparation [...]and implementation of TPMPs, in particular in Africa. multilateralfund.org |
委员会还呼吁缔约国采取切实措施，改善传统上由单 一性 别垄断的教育学科中的性别平衡。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Committee also calls on the State [...] party to take concrete measures to [...] improve gender balance in education disciplines traditionally dominated by either sex. daccess-ods.un.org |
澳大利亚历来充满创意，遵循积极的外交理念，其主导思想是不应当由任何一个国 家垄断全球性的决策 australia-unsc.gov.au | Australia has a history of creative [...] ideas and active diplomacy, driven by the view that no-one should have a monopoly on global decision-making australia-unsc.gov.au |
一个与会者感到，教科文组织应该帮助保证人们对科学研究成果和出版物 有公正的和开放的使用权，以防止知 识 垄断 的 出 现。 unesdoc.unesco.org | One participant felt that UNESCO should help ensure [...] equitable and open access to scientific research and publications so as to counter the [...] emergence of knowledge monopolies. unesdoc.unesco.org |
在 Otter tail Power 公司诉美国的案 件中，美国最高法院裁定，一家垄断企业控 制着某设施或财产，而其他公司只有获得了 该设施或财产才可以开展竞争，在这种情况 下，垄断企业有义务以非歧视性的条 件允许 他人获得这种设施（Rahnasto, 2003,p.144）。 cgfwatch.org | In Otter tail Power Co v. the United States, the US Supreme Court ruled that a dominant firm that controls an infrastructure or an asset that other companies need to make use of in order to compete has the obligation to make the facility available on nondiscriminatory terms (Rahnasto, 2003, p. 144). cgfwatch.org |
首先，监管的目的是纠正市场失灵(如信 息 不对称、自然垄断、外部性问题等等)， 创造 稳定 而 有竞争力的市场环境，以鼓 [...] 励投资、私 人 参 与和提供高效的基础设施服务。 daccess-ods.un.org | First, regulation aims at correcting [...] market failures (e.g. information [...] asymmetries, natural monopolies, externalities) and [...]at creating stable and competitive [...]market environments which encourage investment, private participation and efficient IS provision. daccess-ods.un.org |
限制性贸易做法、垄断和价 格管制法》及其机构框架 “垄断和价格委员会”位于开启自由化之后在肯尼亚 市场上建立的首批监管框架之列(1988年) 。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Restrictive Trade Practices, Monopolies and Price Control Act, and its institutional framework, the Monopolies and Prices [...] Commission, were among [...]the first regulatory frameworks established in the Kenyan market (in 1988) after the onset of liberalization. daccess-ods.un.org |
在美国，也有 一些判例法涉及商标法与反垄断法之间的 关系（Chang, 1997）。如果商标本身是通 过欺诈手段注册的，或者形成了垄断 或 者有 垄断的可能性，那 么获得商标的行为也有可 能违反了谢尔曼法第 2 条的规定；如果一种 对实质性放开竞争的威胁被发现，也有可能 违反了 Clayton 法第 7 条的规定。 cgfwatch.org | Acquiring a trademark may violate Section 2 of the Sherman Act if a trademark is fraudulently registered or monopolisation or probability of monopolisation is shown, or Section 7 of the Clayton Act, if a threat of substantial lessening of competition is found. cgfwatch.org |
而且由于其他人很难进行与此基因“相关的发明”，研究者可能会拥有庞大 的垄断权。 iprcommission.org | Moreover, because it is difficult for others to ‘invent around’ a gene, the researcher may be able to [...] exercise a powerful monopoly. iprcommission.org |
这些因素包括但不限于： 当前全球市场和经济形势，包括信用市场的相关形势；我们的证券投资组合的波 动 性 ； 不 利的外汇波动；持续卷入与运营相关的索赔、诉讼和政府诉讼；劳动力中断；我们继续保持 K-Tron International 成功合并的能力；我们的业务部门在与几大国家供应商的关系中的独 立 性 ； 成本增加或原料不可用；死亡率的持续波动和火化增多；殡葬服务业非传统来源所带来的竞争；我们持续进行的 反 垄断 诉 讼 ；对工业资本商品的循环需求；以及一些与税务相关的事务。 jeffreyrader.cn | These factors include, but are not limited to: recent global market and economic conditions, including those related to the credit markets; [...] volatility of our [...] investment portfolio; adverse foreign currency fluctuations; ongoing involvement in claims, lawsuits and governmental proceedings related to operations; labor disruptions; our ability to continue the successful integration of K-Tron International; the dependence of our business units on relationships with several large national providers; increased costs or unavailability of raw materials; continued fluctuations in mortality rates and increased cremations; competition from nontraditional sources in the funeral services business; our ongoing antitrust litigation; cyclical [...]demand for industrial [...]capital goods; and certain tax-related matters. jeffreyrader.com |
委内瑞拉玻利瓦尔共和国代表作了解释 立场的发言，强调指出，对委内瑞拉玻利瓦尔共和国来说，对公共秩序和安全 的管理，包括对使用武力的垄断，是 国家的专属特权；将制定和实施与安全有 关的政策的权限转让给私营部门的可 能 性 意 味 着削弱国家在这方面的能力；委 内瑞拉玻利瓦尔共和国是在这一理解的基础上参加协商一致的。 daccess-ods.un.org | The representative of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela made a statement in explanation of position [...] underlining that for his [...] Government the management of public order and security, which included a monopoly on the use of force, was the exclusive prerogative of the State and that [...]the possibility of [...]transferring competences to the private sector in relation to the formulation and implementation of security-related policies implied a weakening of the capacity of the State in this area; it was on this understanding that the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela joined the consensus. daccess-ods.un.org |
同样，为了成功开展安全部门改革进程，必须认 识到，尊重法律、合法当局对使用武力 的 垄断 ， 以及 安全机构服从于民政当局，是实现稳定和可持续和平 的决定性因素。 daccess-ods.un.org | Likewise, for successful security sector reform processes, it must be [...] acknowledged that [...] respect for the law, monopoly of the use of force by the legitimate authorities, and subordination of the security apparatus to the civil authorities are decisive factors in [...]States achieving stability and a sustainable peace. daccess-ods.un.org |
工作组感到关切的是， 由于出现了国家对正当使用武力的 垄断 权 逐 渐受到侵蚀的趋势，国家正在规避为 [...] 其所有公民平等提供安全的责任。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Working Group is concerned that with the trend towards the [...] erosion of the State monopoly of the legitimate [...]use of force, the State is evading its [...]duty to provide security for all its citizens equally. daccess-ods.un.org |
原先，它的棉花生产受到破坏性垄断 ， 生 产和社会基 础设施处于原始状态，人均消费水平很低，而如今， [...] 我们已经取得了种种成就，完全改变了国家的形象， 而且已加入国际社会这个大家庭。 daccess-ods.un.org | In the years that Uzbekistan has been [...] independent, our country has transitioned from [...] a one-sided, hypertrophied, raw-materials-based [...]economy comprised of a destructive [...]monopoly over cotton production, primitive productive and social infrastructure and low per-capita consumption to making achievements that have entirely changed its image and made it part of the world community. daccess-ods.un.org |
与会者指出，由于这个地区缺乏科学技术，而且其它地区日趋通过专利体系和其它多 边协议（如世贸组织）对科技知识进行 “ 垄断 ” ， 他们建议教科文组织应该制定措施促进知 识的转让和共享，特别是以各种语言提供的科研成果。 unesdoc.unesco.org | Pointing to a lack of scientific expertise in the region and a movement towards “monopolization” of scientific knowledge by other regions through patent systems and other multilateral agreements (such as WTO), participants suggested that UNESCO should put in place measures to facilitate transfer and sharing of knowledge, particularly the results of scientific research in various languages. unesdoc.unesco.org |
现在的制药公司，为了人为地扩展其专 利期，确保永久性的市场垄断，往 往采取这 种办法，即提出一些区别不大的方法来申请 专利，确保新专利以及在其周围分布的专利 能够覆盖该药品的各个不同方面（Glasgow, [...] 2001）79 。 cgfwatch.org | Presenting drugs in slightly different ways to secure new patents and layering several patents on different [...] aspects of the drug [...] to secure perennial monopoly rights is one of the main ways that pharmaceutical firms employ to [...]artificially extend the [...]patent life of their drugs (Glasgow, 2001).79 As a result, there is a proliferation of pharmaceutical patents over a myriad of minor modifications (Correa, 2001), while the development of new chemical entities has drastically decreased since the 1990s. cgfwatch.org |
该征税制度由许多新任命的“区指挥官”实施，这些“区 指挥官”在武器方面处于垄断地位 ，因为警察或宪兵单位尚未获得武器，其执法 [...] 和(或)打击武装犯罪活动的能力很有限。 daccess-ods.un.org | The system is operated by a number of newly appointed “zone [...] commanders” that have the monopoly over arms, owing to [...]the fact that weapons have not been given [...]to police or gendarmerie authorities, therefore limiting the latter’s ability to enforce the law and/or confront armed criminal activity. daccess-ods.un.org |
检查专员相信，如果遵守第 87(b)和(c)段中 的准则，那么，第 46/232 号决议第 3(e)段中的要 求，即，作为一般的规则，不以同一会员国的国 [...] 民接任该国国民所担任的高级职位，而且任何国家或国家集团均不 得 垄断 高 级职 位，就应能达到。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Inspectors believe that if the guidelines in paragraph 87 (b) and (c) are followed, the requirements of paragraph 3 (e) in resolution 46/232, whereby the General Assembly decided that as a general rule, no national of a Member State should succeed a national of [...] that State in a senior post and that [...] there should be no monopoly on senior posts by [...]nationals of any State or group of States, should be satisfied. daccess-ods.un.org |
不过，在其它情况相同的前提下，人们认为某 [...] 专利产品的生产者通过对复制产品的排斥将试图赢得一定 的 垄断 利 润 ，并以比其不是专利 产品时的价格更高的价格出售。 iprcommission.org | Nevertheless, other things being equal there is a presumption that the producer of a patented product, [...] through the ability to exclude copies, will [...] attempt to earn a monopoly profit and charge [...]higher prices than would otherwise be the case. iprcommission.org |
关于通讯和视听服务的新立法旨在鼓励私营和 [...] 公共部门以及民间社会平等地参与媒体，避 免 垄断， 确 保少数群体包括土著人民能够使用媒体并通过使 [...]诽谤和造谣合法化扩大言论自由。 daccess-ods.un.org | New legislation on communication and audiovisual services was designed to encourage equal participation of the private and [...] public sectors and civil society in [...] the media; prevent monopolies; ensure that minority [...]groups, including indigenous peoples, [...]had access to the media; and expand freedom of expression by decriminalizing libel and slander. daccess-ods.un.org |
妇女在内阁的地位比过去更加重 要： 在 数量上 占总数 的 30%； 在内容 上，妇 女 已 经开始担 任 过去 由男性垄断的 传 统职位，例如国防部和国土安全部。 daccess-ods.un.org | The presence of women in ministerial posts is significantly higher than in the past: quantitatively, they constitute 30 per cent of the total, while, qualitatively, women have become managers in areas traditionally monopolized by men, such as national defence and internal security. daccess-ods.un.org |
为协助 各国对付针对粮食生产的恐怖主义而开展的活动包括：(a) 进行关于食品安全、 动植物健康问题的能力建设(培训班、各种项目),包括促进风险分析和加强基层 能力，以确保国家能够监测、诊断、 报告和应对病虫害和疾病的爆发；(b) 食品 标准法典委员会和国际植物保护公约制定有关标准；(c) 设立一个食物链管理框 架以便对跨界动植物病虫害和疾病造成的食物链危机、粮食安全威胁和紧急情 况，以及对核放射性威胁 级紧急情况，进行预防、预警、防备和应对工作；组织 国际论坛讨论与粮食和农业相关的生物风险管理问题。 daccess-ods.un.org | Specific activities that assisted countries in relation to terrorism targeted at food products included: (a) capacity-building (training courses, projects) concerning food safety, animal and plant health, including promotion of risk analyses and developing base-level capacity to [...] ensure national [...] ability to monitor, diagnose, report and respond to pest and disease outbreaks; (b) the standard setting work of the Codex Alimentarius Commission and the International Plant Protection Convention; (c) the establishment of a Food Chain Crisis Management Framework for prevention, early warning, preparedness and response to food chain crises caused by transboundary animal and plant pests and diseases, food safety threats and emergencies, as well as nuclear and radiological threats [...]and emergencies; [...]and the organization of international forums to discuss biological risk management in relation to food and agriculture. daccess-ods.un.org |
针对航空运输市场的一个联合调查建议独联体国家空运市场增加竞 争，确保消费者能够获得非歧视性的 业 内自 然 垄断 者 的 服务，促进与航空运输市 场有联系的其他行业的内部竞争。 daccess-ods.un.org | A joint investigation of the air transportation market had resulted in recommendations for increased competition in the air transportation market in CIS countries, including by ensuring [...] non-discriminatory access to the services [...] provided by natural monopolies and the promotion of [...]competition in the potentially competitive [...]sectors connected with the air transportation market. daccess-ods.un.org |
政府已经开始处理一些关键问题，例如：实行缅元 [...] 浮动汇率制，以废除复汇率制及其所造成的扭曲情 况；打破垄断（如 食用油、燃油和汽车领域，以及 可能即将涉及的通讯领域）；推动外国投资，39 [...] 并 宣布要把重点放在能为缅甸的原材料增加附加值的 工业领域以及能创造就业机会的其他领域；发展人 [...]力资源，让流失的熟练工人回归；提高发电能力； 升级以出口为导向的交通基础设施；增强税收筹 划，通过全面税收改革来推动经济增长；改造银行 业部门，进行更广泛的金融部门改革。 crisisgroup.org | The government has begun to address key issues such as the float of the kyat to eliminate the multiple exchange rate [...] system and the distortions it [...] introduces; dismantling of monopolies (such as in edible [...]oils, fuel, vehicles and possibly soon [...]telecommunications); promotion of foreign investment,39 with a stated emphasis on industries that add value to Myanmar’s raw materials and those that promote job creation; human resources development and the return of skilled workers from the diaspora; boosting electricity generation; improving export-oriented transport infrastructure; boosting tax mobilisation and promoting growth through comprehensive tax reform; rehabilitating the banking sector and implementing broader financial sector reform. crisisgroup.org |
英汉双解词典包含2273206条英汉词条，基本涵盖了全部常用单词的翻译及用法，是英语学习的有利工具。