| 单词 | 垄断 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 | 垄断 noun —monopolization nless common: monopolisationBE n 垄断 adjective —antitrust adj垄断 —enjoy market dominanceExamples:反垄断 adj—antitrust adj 寡头垄断—oligopoly 反垄断—anti-monopoly • anti-trust legislation See also:垄—row of crops • ridge between fields • grave mound
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一个与会者感到，教科文组织应该帮助保证人们对科学研究成果和出版物 有公正的和开放的使用权，以防止知 识 垄断 的 出 现。 unesdoc.unesco.org | One participant felt that UNESCO should help ensure [...] equitable and open access to scientific research and publications so as to counter the [...] emergence of knowledge monopolies. unesdoc.unesco.org |
而且由于其他人很难进行与此基因“相关的发明”，研究者可能会拥有庞大 的垄断权。 iprcommission.org | Moreover, because it is difficult for others to ‘invent around’ a gene, the researcher may be able to [...] exercise a powerful monopoly. iprcommission.org |
工作组感到关切的是， 由于出现了国家对正当使用武力的 垄断 权 逐 渐受到侵蚀的趋势，国家正在规避为 [...] 其所有公民平等提供安全的责任。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Working Group is concerned that with the trend towards the [...] erosion of the State monopoly of the legitimate [...]use of force, the State is evading its [...]duty to provide security for all its citizens equally. daccess-ods.un.org |
(h) 委员会决定，由于宣称可出入巴勒斯坦被占领土的以色列批发贸易商施 加的垄断定价而产生的损失，通常不是由该墙引起，不应列入登记册。 daccess-ods.un.org | (h) The Board decided that losses based on asserted monopoly pricing imposed by wholesale traders from Israel with access to the Occupied Palestinian Territory are not normally attributable to the Wall and should not normally be included in the Register. daccess-ods.un.org |
瓦努阿图电信有限公司在政府于 2007 年开放移动电话市场之前，一直在 占据着电信部门的垄断地位。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Telecom Vanuatu Limited (TVL) [...] previously had the monopoly in sector of telecommunication [...]until the Government opened [...]the mobile phone market in 2007. daccess-ods.un.org |
与会者指出，由于这个地区缺乏科学技术，而且其它地区日趋通过专利体系和其它多 边协议（如世贸组织）对科技知识进行 “ 垄断 ” ， 他们建议教科文组织应该制定措施促进知 识的转让和共享，特别是以各种语言提供的科研成果。 unesdoc.unesco.org | Pointing to a lack of scientific expertise in the region and a movement towards “monopolization” of scientific knowledge by other regions through patent systems and other multilateral agreements (such as WTO), participants suggested that UNESCO should put in place measures to facilitate transfer and sharing of knowledge, particularly the results of scientific research in various languages. unesdoc.unesco.org |
该征税制度由许多新任命的“区指挥官”实施，这些“区 指挥官”在武器方面处于垄断地位 ，因为警察或宪兵单位尚未获得武器，其执法 [...] 和(或)打击武装犯罪活动的能力很有限。 daccess-ods.un.org | The system is operated by a number of newly appointed “zone [...] commanders” that have the monopoly over arms, owing to [...]the fact that weapons have not been given [...]to police or gendarmerie authorities, therefore limiting the latter’s ability to enforce the law and/or confront armed criminal activity. daccess-ods.un.org |
但是，该专属权不可被滥用，尤其是 不可用于被禁止的垄断行为。 paiz.gov.pl | This exclusive right cannot, however, be abused specifically by [...] applying prohibited monopolistic practices. paiz.gov.pl |
缅 甸开始实行有管理的浮动汇率制，打破旧的体制， 取消垄断以及 获得执照、许可证和合同的特权。 crisisgroup.org | It has begun a managed float of the currency, and is dismantling [...] the old system of monopolies and privileged [...]access to licenses, permits and contracts. crisisgroup.org |
尽管在华盛顿特区举行的核安全首脑会议上，美国 竭力维护其在核武器问题讨论上的 垄断 ， 维护其对 其他国家的优势，但在德黑兰举行的核裁军和不扩 [...] 散会议却是所有参与方为创建一个无核武器世界提 出共同倡议，其主题“核能为大家，禁止核武器” 证明了这一点。 daccess-ods.un.org | While the Nuclear Security Summit, held in Washington, [...] D.C., was an effort by the United States [...] to preserve its monopoly over discussions [...]on nuclear weapons and its superiority [...]over other countries, the nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation conference, held in Tehran, was a joint initiative by all participants to achieve a world free of nuclear weapons, as demonstrated by the motto, “Nuclear energy for all, nuclear weapons for no one”. daccess-ods.un.org |
据刚果黄金出口行主管人员说，正规出口量小的原因是，事实上，Kampala 和 Bujumbura 的一小撮不法贸易商多年来垄断了刚果的黄金贸易。 daccess-ods.un.org | According to Congolese gold export house managers, the small volume of official exports can be attributed to the fact [...] that a handful of fraudulent traders in Kampala and Bujumbura have [...] for many years monopolized the Congolese [...]gold trade. daccess-ods.un.org |
检查专员相信，如果遵守第 87(b)和(c)段中 的准则，那么，第 46/232 号决议第 3(e)段中的要 求，即，作为一般的规则，不以同一会员国的国 [...] 民接任该国国民所担任的高级职位，而且任何国家或国家集团均不 得 垄断 高 级职 位，就应能达到。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Inspectors believe that if the guidelines in paragraph 87 (b) and (c) are followed, the requirements of paragraph 3 (e) in resolution 46/232, whereby the General Assembly decided that as a general rule, no national of a Member State should succeed a national of [...] that State in a senior post and that [...] there should be no monopoly on senior posts by [...]nationals of any State or group of States, should be satisfied. daccess-ods.un.org |
垄断和价格委员会”与其他监管者之间的关系在竞争法和其他监管法 律中都没有予以界定。 daccess-ods.un.org | The relationship between the Monopolies and Prices Commission [...] and the other regulators is not defined either in the competition law or the regulatory laws. daccess-ods.un.org |
不过，在其它情况相同的前提下，人们认为某 [...] 专利产品的生产者通过对复制产品的排斥将试图赢得一定 的 垄断 利 润 ，并以比其不是专利 产品时的价格更高的价格出售。 iprcommission.org | Nevertheless, other things being equal there is a presumption that the producer of a patented product, [...] through the ability to exclude copies, will [...] attempt to earn a monopoly profit and charge [...]higher prices than would otherwise be the case. iprcommission.org |
他提出 以下措辞“……以及采取适当措施，避免出现影响 新闻出版自由和信息自由的集中和 垄断。 daccess-ods.un.org | He proposed the phrase “… and [...] take the appropriate measures to avoid [...] concentration and monopoly that would affect [...]freedom of the press and freedom of information”. daccess-ods.un.org |
关于通讯和视听服务的新立法旨在鼓励私营和 [...] 公共部门以及民间社会平等地参与媒体，避 免 垄断， 确 保少数群体包括土著人民能够使用媒体并通过使 [...]诽谤和造谣合法化扩大言论自由。 daccess-ods.un.org | New legislation on communication and audiovisual services was designed to encourage equal participation of the private and [...] public sectors and civil society in [...] the media; prevent monopolies; ensure that minority [...]groups, including indigenous peoples, [...]had access to the media; and expand freedom of expression by decriminalizing libel and slander. daccess-ods.un.org |
一再企图评判和诋毁南方国家的人 民，处心积虑地过度强调公民权利和政治权利，只会 [...] 巩固强国的经济统治以及文化和意识形态的同质化， 大众媒体的垄断统治、对于国际机构的操纵和帝国主 义侵略战争在一旁推波助澜。 daccess-ods.un.org | The repeated desire to judge and stigmatize Southern peoples, with a disproportionate and contrived emphasis on civil and political rights only sought to consolidate the powerful countries’ economic domination and [...] cultural and ideological homogenization, [...] facilitated by the monopolistic domination of the [...]mass media, the manipulation of international [...]agencies and the imperialist wars of occupation. daccess-ods.un.org |
对此作出的澄清指出，采取这种办法是要处理有待销毁的 三种不同物质并避免国内垄断的现象。 multilateralfund.org | It was clarified that the approach would address the three different materials proposed for destruction [...] and avoid creating a monopoly in the country. multilateralfund.org |
如果发明者失去了通过被授予垄断权 而 收回研究和开发费用的机会，那么他 们就会选择将技术保密，从而对技术传播产生负面影响。 daccess-ods.un.org | If the inventors lost the opportunity to [...] recover research and development costs by [...] way of the granted monopoly, they would choose [...]to keep the technology secret, which [...]would have a negative effect on the dissemination of technology. daccess-ods.un.org |
他询问：除了国家进行监管防止垄 断之外 ，还可以做些什么来为农民们提供工具和教 育，用于捍卫自身的权利？ daccess-ods.un.org | In addition to State [...] regulation to prevent monopolization, he asked what [...]could be done to provide farmers with the tools [...]and education to defend their rights. daccess-ods.un.org |
政府已经开始处理一些关键问题，例如：实行缅元 [...] 浮动汇率制，以废除复汇率制及其所造成的扭曲情 况；打破垄断（如 食用油、燃油和汽车领域，以及 可能即将涉及的通讯领域）；推动外国投资，39 [...] 并 宣布要把重点放在能为缅甸的原材料增加附加值的 工业领域以及能创造就业机会的其他领域；发展人 [...]力资源，让流失的熟练工人回归；提高发电能力； 升级以出口为导向的交通基础设施；增强税收筹 划，通过全面税收改革来推动经济增长；改造银行 业部门，进行更广泛的金融部门改革。 crisisgroup.org | The government has begun to address key issues such as the float of the kyat to eliminate the multiple exchange rate [...] system and the distortions it [...] introduces; dismantling of monopolies (such as in edible [...]oils, fuel, vehicles and possibly soon [...]telecommunications); promotion of foreign investment,39 with a stated emphasis on industries that add value to Myanmar’s raw materials and those that promote job creation; human resources development and the return of skilled workers from the diaspora; boosting electricity generation; improving export-oriented transport infrastructure; boosting tax mobilisation and promoting growth through comprehensive tax reform; rehabilitating the banking sector and implementing broader financial sector reform. crisisgroup.org |
国内媒体以前由国家垄断，随 着政府采取了一些有利于民主和人权的新举 措，境况发生了转变。 daccess-ods.un.org | The national media were [...] previously a State monopoly, but the situation [...]is now being transformed through new Government measures [...]in support of democratization and human rights. daccess-ods.un.org |
中文报道）我之前曾经说过，工信部应该给中国移动牌照，以打破目前中国联通和中国电信（HKEx: [...] 728; NYSE: CHA）在固网宽带领域的双头垄断市场。 youngchinabiz.com | (Chinese article) I’ve said before that the regulator [...] should give China Mobile the license to break [...] the current duopoly in fixed-line [...]broadband held by Unicom and China Telecom (HKEx: 728; NYSE: CHA). youngchinabiz.com |
颁布国还应通过主管部门确保对本国采购实体援用这一 [...] 理由使用单一来源采购的做法进行定期监测，因为这种理由的不当使用会有意 无意地助长垄断和腐败。 daccess-ods.un.org | The enacting State should in addition ensure, through appropriate authorities, the regular monitoring of the practice of its procurement entities with the use of single-source [...] procurement on this ground, since its improper [...] use may encourage monopolies and corruption, [...]whether inadvertently or intentionally. daccess-ods.un.org |
此外，开发 [...] 计划署和双边机构还指出，履约协助方案小组试 图 垄断 结 束 性淘汰管理计划的编制和执行 工作，尤其是在非洲。 multilateralfund.org | Also UNDP and bilateral agencies have pointed to efforts by the [...] CAP team to monopolize the preparation [...]and implementation of TPMPs, in particular in Africa. multilateralfund.org |
很多研究表明，版权创造了垄断力， 绝大多数信息产品市场都遵循着一条在国内和国际层 面上集中的路线。 cgfwatch.org | Several studies have shown that [...] copyright creates monopoly power and that the [...]majority of markets on information goods follow [...]a pathway of progressive concentration at both the national and international levels. cgfwatch.org |
管理局秘书长向会议通报说，该规章将允许有资格的实体获得对合理规模的 探矿区域为期 15 [...] 年的勘探许可证，以便给未来的商业运作提供激励，但不会造 成对已知资源的垄断，而 且环境条款内明确提到需要按照大会决议保护脆弱的海 [...]洋生态系统。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Secretary-General of the Authority informed the Meeting that the Regulations would permit qualified entities to obtain 15-year exploration licences over prospective areas that were reasonable in size in order to provide an incentive [...] for future commercial operations, [...] without resulting in monopolization of known resources, [...]and that the environmental provisions [...]included explicit reference to the need to protect vulnerable marine ecosystems in line with relevant General Assembly resolutions. daccess-ods.un.org |
这些因素包括但不限于： 当前全球市场和经济形势，包括信用市场的相关形势；我们的证券投资组合的波动性；不利的外汇波动；持续卷入与运营相关的索赔、诉讼和政府诉讼；劳动力中断；我们继续保持 K-Tron International 成功合并的能力；我们的业务部门在与几大国家供应商的关系中的独立性；成本增加或原料不可用；死亡率的持续波动和火化增多；殡葬服务业非传统来源所带来的竞争；我们持续进行的 反 垄断 诉 讼 ；对工业资本商品的循环需求；以及一些与税务相关的事务。 jeffreyrader.cn | These factors include, but are not limited to: recent global market and economic conditions, including those related to the credit markets; volatility of our investment portfolio; adverse foreign currency fluctuations; ongoing involvement in claims, lawsuits and governmental proceedings related to operations; labor disruptions; our ability to continue the successful integration of K-Tron International; the dependence of our business units on relationships with several large national providers; increased costs or unavailability of raw materials; continued fluctuations in mortality rates and increased cremations; competition from nontraditional sources in the funeral services business; our ongoing antitrust litigation; cyclical demand for industrial capital goods; and certain tax-related matters. jeffreyrader.com |
在 Otter tail Power 公司诉美国的案 件中，美国最高法院裁定，一家垄断 企 业 控 制着某设施或财产，而其他公司只有获得了 该设施或财产才可以开展竞争，在这种情况 下，垄断企业 有义务以非歧视性的条件允许 他人获得这种设施（Rahnasto, 2003,p.144）。 cgfwatch.org | In Otter tail Power Co v. the United States, the US Supreme Court ruled that a dominant firm that controls an infrastructure or an asset that other companies need to make use of in order to compete has the obligation to make the facility available on nondiscriminatory terms (Rahnasto, 2003, p. 144). cgfwatch.org |
委内瑞拉玻利瓦尔共和国代表作了解释 [...] 立场的发言，强调指出，对委内瑞拉玻利瓦尔共和国来说，对公共秩序和安全 的管理，包括对使用武力的垄断，是 国家的专属特权；将制定和实施与安全有 [...]关的政策的权限转让给私营部门的可能性意味着削弱国家在这方面的能力；委 内瑞拉玻利瓦尔共和国是在这一理解的基础上参加协商一致的。 daccess-ods.un.org | The representative of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela made a statement in explanation of position underlining that for his Government the [...] management of public order and security, [...] which included a monopoly on the use of [...]force, was the exclusive prerogative of the [...]State and that the possibility of transferring competences to the private sector in relation to the formulation and implementation of security-related policies implied a weakening of the capacity of the State in this area; it was on this understanding that the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela joined the consensus. daccess-ods.un.org |
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