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External sources (not reviewed)

At the extreme, if bidders do not know who the others are, they have no chance to establish communication, and the possibility of bid rigging would be ruled out.

[...] [...] involved in or complicit in ordering, controlling or otherwise directing, the commission of serious human rights abuses against persons in Libya, including by being involved in or complicit in planning, commanding, [...] [...]

[...] these acts and complicity or participation [...]

[...] [...] statement with the complicity of the Arab Commission [...]

Branch 26 of Tehran’s Revolutionary Court cited articles 500, 610 and 19 of the Islamic Penal Code as the basis for its ruling, listing charges such as “assembly and collusion with the intent to commit a crime against national security, and propagating against the Islamic Republic of Iran”.

[...] [...] involved in or complicit in ordering, [...] [...]

In addition, even if not explicitly stated in the Convention, the Committee considers instances that include “instigation, consent or acquiescence”, to be covered by the terms “complicity or participation”, giving rise to individual criminal responsibility under article 4 of all public officials sufficiently involved under article 1.

[...] [...] six counts: conspiracy; acting as [...] [...]

[...] squarely face the complicity of States is [...]

In October 2005, a Seattle-area co-conspirator, Donald Shull, pleaded guilty to conspiracy to violate the Export Administration Act and was sentenced in February 2006 to two years of probation and a $10,000 fine.

(a) Involved in or complicit in ordering, controlling, or otherwise directing, the commission of serious human rights abuses against persons in the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, including by being involved in or complicit in planning, [...] [...]

[...] [...] European Union in conspiracy, as part of [...] [...]

The question for policy design is, therefore, how to introduce incentives for individual firms not to find it optimal to engage in collusive agreements, or to comply with them if they already are in place.

Agreements with competitors or other market participants that fix prices, divide markets or limit outputs or business activity are generally prohibited by the antitrust laws and criminal sanctions in the form of fines and imprisonment are frequently imposed.

[...] [...] through the United Nations Development Assistance [...]

With regard to expectations related to the implementation of the 2005 Convention, which has been ratified at an especially rapid rate, in particular by the European Community as a whole, it abounds in promise and opportunities, in particular regarding the involvement and contribution of civil society in its implementation, as well as the promotion of international cooperation, fundamental pivot of the Convention, which will include in particular the integration of culture in sustainable development, cooperation for development and the establishment of innovative partnerships as the international experts mentioned at the expert meeting on international cooperation, which took place in Madrid (Spain) from 10 to 12 July 2007.

The concerted efforts and the synergy achieved through collaboration with other United Nations entities, including within the framework of the Asia-Pacific Regional Coordination Mechanism, ensured that each contributed in its respective areas of expertise, achieving a greater combined impact in terms of the development work of the United Nations in the region.

The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), adopted in 2000, substantially coincide with various themes and objectives contained in the peace agreements (table 1); in addition, they have the advantage of describing progress in development and monitoring of national efforts through targets and measurable indicators that are time-bound and can be compared with other countries.

In a region facing important social movement and changes, the Forum provided an innovative space to develop a new kind of dialogue, bringing together social sciences and policy in the search for a common understanding and a common commitment to enhance their contribution to social transformations.

For example, this may include experience in the following areas: the defence of those charged with serious and complex crimes at the domestic level, such as terrorism, homicide, manslaughter, trafficking and complex white-collar crimes; the defence of cases with international dimensions, such as those involving international judicial assistance, complex immigration issues or supranational crime; and the defence of those charged with war crimes, genocide and crimes against humanity.

Recognizing that all States Parties have a role to play, the Conference stresses that those States Parties seeking to build their capacity should identify their specific needs and requirements and seek partnerships with others, and that those States Parties, in a position to do so, should provide assistance and support.

The proposed 2009/10 budget includes resource requirements for the Strategic Military Cell, comprising 2 civilian staff (1 D-2 and 1 General Service (Other level)) and 15 military staff officers, pursuant to paragraphs 23 and 24 of General Assembly resolution 62/265, and pending the consideration by the Assembly at its sixty-fourth session of the comprehensive report on the implementation of the strengthening of the Office of Military Affairs and its impact on the organization of the Office.