| 单词 | 反转录病毒 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 | 反转录病毒 —retrovirusSee also:反转录—reverse transcription 转录 v—transcribe v 反录病毒—retrovirus • reverse transcription virus 病毒 n—virus n • infection n • viruse n
|
此外，2008 年卫生和社会服务系统的审查结果证明， 抗 反转录病毒 治 疗 方案 已取得成功(见下图三)。 daccess-ods.un.org | Additionally, the results of the 2008 health and social services systems review attests to the success of the antiretroviral treatment programme (see figure III below). daccess-ods.un.org |
接受高效抗反转录病毒 治疗 的人数每年呈上升趋势，这表明抗逆转录病毒治疗方案取得成功(图二)。 daccess-ods.un.org | The increasing annual trend in the numbers of people on highly active antiretroviral therapy attests to the success of the antiretroviral treatment programme (figure II). daccess-ods.un.org |
我们取得了进展： 小学入学率已达到百分之八十，减少了侵害妇女的暴 力行为并扩大携带艾滋病毒/艾滋病生活的人获得抗 反转录病毒药物的机会。 daccess-ods.un.org | We have made progress by achieving 80 per cent primary school enrolment, by reducing violence against women and by scaling up access to antiretroviral drugs for persons living with HIV/AIDS. daccess-ods.un.org |
(i) 在非洲实现没有艾滋病、疟疾和结核病患者的一代，为此提供预防和照 [...] 顾援助，以便尽可能实现到 2010 [...] 年在非洲国家普及艾滋病毒/艾滋病治疗的目标， 鼓励制药公司向非洲提供人们买得起的药物，包括 抗 反转录病毒 药 物 ，并确保增 加双边和多边援助，尽可能是赠款援助，通过加强保健系统，帮助非洲防治疟疾、 [...]结核病和其他传染病。 pseataskforce.org | ( i ) To provide, with the aim of an AIDS-, malaria- and tuberculosis-free generation in Africa, assistance for prevention and care and to come as close as possible to achieving the goal of universal access by 2010 to HIV/AIDS treatment in African countries, to [...] encourage pharmaceutical [...] companies to make drugs, including antiretroviral drugs, affordable [...]and accessible in Africa and [...]to ensure increased bilateral and multilateral assistance, where possible on a grant basis, to combat malaria, tuberculosis and other infectious diseases in Africa through the strengthening of health systems. pseataskforce.org |
下图二列述愿意接受高效抗 反转录病毒 治疗 的年度趋势。 daccess-ods.un.org | The annual trend of coming forward for highly active antiretroviral therapy is indicated under figure II below. daccess-ods.un.org |
(d) 建立新的战略伙伴关系，加强和利用艾滋病毒与其他健康和发展举措之 间的联系，在国际合作和伙伴关系的支持下，尽可能地增强国家提供全面的艾滋 [...] 病毒/艾滋病计划以及新的更为有效的 抗 反转录病毒 药 物 治疗手段，同时加强现 有的全国健康和社会体系以及将艾滋病毒平台作为进一步提供服务的基础。 daccess-ods.un.org | (d) Building new strategic partnerships to strengthen and leverage the linkages between HIV and other health- and development-related initiatives, expanding, to the greatest extent possible and with the support of international cooperation and partnerships, national capacity to deliver comprehensive [...] HIV/AIDS programmes, as well as new and [...] more effective antiretroviral treatments, in [...]ways that strengthen existing national [...]health and social systems, including using HIV platforms as a foundation for the expansion of service delivery. daccess-ods.un.org |
儿童基金会及其伙伴的目标是到 2013 年在实现一代人无艾滋病毒/艾滋病方 面取得重大进展，途径包括预防母婴传播和为不易获得 抗 反转录病毒 治 疗 的妇女 提供治疗。 daccess-ods.un.org | By 2013, UNICEF and its partners aim to have made substantial progress in [...] achieving a [...] generation free of HIV/AIDS, including through prevention of mother-to-child transmission and reaching hard-to-reach women with antiretroviral therapy. daccess-ods.un.org |
2009 年，30%的接受产前预防服务的人接受了欠佳的单剂 抗 反转录病毒药 物 治疗，凸显了获得更有效组合方案的重要性。 daccess-ods.un.org | In 2009, 30 per cent of recipients of prevention services in antenatal settings received a suboptimal single-dose antiretroviral regimen, highlighting the importance of improving access to more efficacious combination regimens. daccess-ods.un.org |
全世界约有3,330万人44 目前携带人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV) [...] ，一种导致患上 性免疫缺陷综合症( 艾滋病) 的反转录病毒、一种引起人体免疫系统故障的致命综 [...]合症。 daccess-ods.un.org | Around 33.3 million people worldwide44 are currently [...] living with the human [...] immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a retrovirus which causes acquired [...]immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), [...]a universally fatal syndrome causing failure of the human immune system. daccess-ods.un.org |
(c) 从发展角度应对艾滋病毒/艾滋病，这需要具备由健全有效的机构组成 的全国性网络，跨部门防治、护理和扶助战略，消除丑化和歧视艾滋病毒感染者 的现象，推动他们融入社会、进行康复和更多地参与艾滋病毒防治工作，同时要 加强全国性艾滋病毒/艾滋病防治、护理和扶助工作，加强消除艾滋病毒母婴传 染的工作； (d) 建立新的战略伙伴关系，加强和利用艾滋病毒举措与其他健康和发展举 措之间的联系，在国际合作和伙伴关系的支持下，尽可能地增强国家实施全面的 艾滋病毒/艾滋病计划以及提供新的更为有效的 抗 反转录病毒 药 物 治疗手段的能 力，同时加强现有的全国健康和社会体系，将艾滋病毒平台作为进一步提供服务 的基础。 daccess-ods.un.org | (c) Dealing with HIV/AIDS from a developmental perspective, which requires a national network of sound and workable institutions and multisectoral prevention, treatment, care and support strategies, addressing the stigmatization of and discrimination against people living with HIV and promoting their social integration, rehabilitation and greater involvement in HIV response, as well as strengthening national efforts at HIV/AIDS prevention, treatment, care and support and strengthening efforts to eliminate the mother-to-child transmission of HIV daccess-ods.un.org |
这两类病毒颗粒都含有两份正链RNA，RNA上附 有 病毒反转录 酶 （ RT），它们位于病毒的内核（图1）。 labome.cn | The viral particles of both groups (Figure 1) contain two copies of positive-stranded RNA with an associated viral reverse transcriptase [...] (RT) located within an internal core. labome.com |
在这战略框架内，将会发展一种制 度，让患病尽可能容易地获得结核病和抗 逆 转录病毒 药 物。 daccess-ods.un.org | In the framework of the strategy, a system will be developed to make access to both TB and ARV [...] medicines as easy as possible for patients. daccess-ods.un.org |
经社会还注意到，许多国家正在升级和扩大艾滋病毒防治工作，包括增强人 力资源能力、加强法律框架和援助，并提供支付得起的抗 逆 转录病毒 治 疗。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Commission also noted that many countries were scaling up their HIV responses, including through strengthening their human resources capacity, enhancing legal frameworks and assistance, and providing affordable antiretroviral treatment. daccess-ods.un.org |
例如，毒品和犯罪问题办公室与阿富汗国 家艾滋病控制方案编制了警察培训课程，并支持了对警察部队的培训；为巴拿 马监狱卫生工作人员设计并测试了有关监狱中艾滋病毒的培训方案模式；对缅 甸的 [...] 1,600 多名警务人员进行了培训；在印度尼西亚 12 个省促进对 120 多名监 [...] 狱工作人员进行了在监狱环境中建立一种有利环境的培训；支持了纳米比亚大 部分监狱诊所的艾滋病毒咨询和检测以及对囚犯和监狱工作人员的抗 逆 转录病 毒治疗依从性辅导。 daccess-ods.un.org | For example, UNODC has developed the police training curriculum with the National AIDS Control Programme and supported training for police forces in Afghanistan; designed and tested a model training programme on HIV in prisons for penitentiary health staff in Panama; conducted the training of over 1,600 police officers in Myanmar; facilitated training of over 120 prison staff in establishing a supportive environment in prison settings in 12 provinces in [...] Indonesia; and supported HIV [...] counselling and testing and antiretroviral therapy adherence counselling [...]to both prisoners and [...]prison staff in most of the prison clinics in Namibia. daccess-ods.un.org |
据发表在10月17日发表在《美国医学会杂志》上的一项研究披露，在坦桑尼亚的感染了人类免疫缺陷性病毒（HIV）的病人中，与给予标准剂量的多种维生素补充剂相比，在开始具有高度活性的抗 逆 转录病毒 疗 法 后给予高剂量的多种维生素补充剂不会减少HIV疾病进展的风险或死亡率，但却会导致某种肝脏酶水平增高的不 良 反 应。 chinese.eurekalert.org | Among patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in Tanzania, high-dose multivitamin supplementation after beginning highly active antiretroviral [...] therapy did not reduce [...] the risk of HIV disease progression or death compared with standard-dose multivitamin supplements, but did result in the adverse effect of increased levels of a certain liver enzyme, according to a study [...]in the Oct. 17 issue of JAMA. chinese.eurekalert.org |
伊朗伊斯兰共和国代表团认为，应该向所有艾滋病毒感染者提供 支付得起的抗逆转录病毒治疗 (非专利药品)，其方法包括由发达国家提供援 助，以及知识产权不应该阻止获取此种治疗。 daccess-ods.un.org | The delegation of the Islamic Republic of Iran was of [...] the view that [...] affordable antiretroviral treatment (generic drugs) should be provided to all people living with HIV, including [...]through assistance by [...]developed countries, and that intellectual property rights should not hinder access to such treatment. daccess-ods.un.org |
(f) 促进对药品和相关商品的可及性，例如抗 逆 转录病毒 药物的可及性，并制订新的治疗战略，并将为此加强多边合作，以合作开 [...] 展与以下事项有关的讨论进程：自由贸易协定以及《与贸易有关的知 识产权协定》；2 (g) 提供技术支助，以使各有关国家能更好地制订适当的法律 [...]和政策，以便更好地利用《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》提供的保护 措施和灵活性。 daccess-ods.un.org | (f) Promotion of access to medicines and commodities, [...] such as anti-retroviral drugs, and development [...]of new treatment strategies through [...]enhanced multilateral cooperation in processes related to discussions involving free trade agreements and the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS);2 (g) Provision of technical support to enable countries to develop appropriate laws and policies in order to better utilize the safeguards and flexibilities provided by TRIPS. daccess-ods.un.org |
还将进一步推进教科文组织/联合国艾滋病规划署 的预防教育计划，重点是反对对艾滋 病毒 / 艾 滋病的羞辱和歧视。 unesdoc.unesco.org | There will also be further development of the UNESCO/UNAIDS prevention education initiative focusing on HIV/AIDS-based stigma and discrimination. unesdoc.unesco.org |
试验期间，在不同的时间间隔收集淋巴组织和非淋巴组织，通 过 反转录 聚 合 酶链式反应(RT-PCR)对传染性法氏 囊 病病毒 R N A 进 行检测。 transmune.com | Lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues were collected at various time intervals during the [...] experiment to test [...] for infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV)-RNA by using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction [...](RT-PCR). transmune.com |
根据关于纳米比亚卫生动态性质的各种统计数据，政府充分了解，如果要实 现到 2015 年将儿童死亡率降低三分之二的千年发展目标，就必须在同一时期内 将全国的死亡率降低一半(纳米比亚共和国，2007；路线图：4)；如果不进行营 养监测和促进孕产妇和儿童营养，不改善全国弱势群体(尤其是妇女、儿童的和 HIV/艾滋病感染者)的营养状况；不通过使用抗 逆 转录病毒 治 疗 来预防母亲将艾 滋病毒传染给未出生的孩子；不改善保健服务的基础设施，那么，到 2015 年可 能无法实现千年发展目标 3、4、5 和 6。 daccess-ods.un.org | Given various statistical data on the dynamic nature of health in Namibia, the Government is fully informed that the Millennium Development Goal to reduce child mortality by two thirds by 2015 can only be achieved if national mortality is halved during the same period (Republic of Namibia, 2007; road map:4); and that without nutritional surveillance and promotion of maternal and child nutrition, as well as improving the national status of nutrition among the vulnerable groups (particularly women, children, and people living with HIV/AIDS); prevention of HIV transmission from mother to the unborn child through the use of antiretroviral treatment; and improvement of the infrastructure for health services, Millennium Development Goals 3, 4, 5, and 6 may not be achieved by 2015 (OECD, 2008:488; Republic of Namibia, 2010:3-4; Republic of Namibia, 2008. daccess-ods.un.org |
这些新措施除其他外包括：为所有 CD4 细胞数低 于 350 个/mm3 的艾滋病毒与结核病合并感染病人提供 抗逆转录病毒治疗；为所有确诊感染艾滋病毒的一岁 以下婴儿提供抗逆转录病毒治疗 ；为所有孕妇从怀孕 第 14 周起提供预防服务以阻断母婴传播；为所有 CD4 细胞数低于 350 个/mm3 的孕妇提供全面抗逆转录病毒 治疗；把抗逆转录病毒治疗的启动分散到初级保健一 级进行。 daccess-ods.un.org | These new measures include, among others, the provision of antiretroviral therapy to all patients with [...] [...] tuberculosis/HIV coinfection with a CD4 count below 350 cells/mm3; the provision of antiretroviral therapy to all infants under one year of age with confirmed HIV status; the provision of mother-to-child prophylaxis for all pregnant women from 14 weeks of pregnancy; the provision of full antiretroviral therapy for all pregnant women with [...]a CD4 count below 350 cells/mm3; and [...]decentralizing antiretroviral initiation to the primary health-care level. daccess-ods.un.org |
在全球范围，被证明对预防注射吸毒者中新的艾滋病毒感染最有效的服务的 覆盖率仍然很低：仅少数人参与或有机会获得全方位药物依赖治疗服务，每月向 [...] 注射毒品者分发少量无菌器械，8%的人参加类阿片激动剂治疗方案，和 4%的艾 滋病毒呈阳性的注射吸毒者接受抗逆 转录病毒 治 疗。 daccess-ods.un.org | Globally, the coverage of services that have been shown to be most effective in preventing new HIV infections among people who inject drugs remains low: a limited number of people participate in or have access to the full spectrum of drug dependence treatment services, a limited number of sterile devices are distributed per month per person who injects drugs, 8 per cent participate in a programme involving [...] opioid-agonist treatment therapy and 4 per cent of HIV-positive people [...] who inject drugs are receiving antiretroviral therapy. daccess-ods.un.org |
同时制定并实施了一系列行业标准：《对受艾滋病毒感染人群保守治疗标 [...] 准》(2001 年)、《针对受艾滋病毒感染人群的抗 转录 酶 病毒 药 物 治疗和防止艾滋 病毒的母婴传播和职业感染的标准》(2001 [...]年和 2003 年)、《艾滋病毒感染的流 行病学监测标准》(2002 [...] 年)、《艾滋病、肝炎和其他病毒感染实验室与诊断机构 组织实施抗击流行病计划操作指南》(2004 年)、《艾滋病毒母婴传播》单元 (2004 年)、《艾滋病毒检测咨询前后的方法指导》(2005 年)。 daccess-ods.un.org | Sector standards have been developed and implemented: “Palliative treatment of the persons [...] infected with HIV and AIDS” (2001), [...] “Treatment with antiretroviral medicine specific [...]for persons infected with HIV and AIDS [...]and the prophylaxis of transmission of the mother-child HIV infection, professional exposure” (2001 and 2003), “Epidemiologic supervision of the HIV/AIDS infection” (2002); Instructions on the organisation of the antiepidemiologic programme in the AIDS, hepatitis and other viral infections laboratories and diagnosis sections” (2004), The module “HIV and AIDS infections with mother-child transmission” (2004), Methodological Guide “Before and after HIV test counselling” (2005). daccess-ods.un.org |
我国政府于 2005 年启动了防止幼儿经母体感染 艾滋病毒/艾滋病的国家方案，重点在于提高青年和 母亲的认识，援助面临感染风险的孤儿和儿童，扩大 全国抗逆转录病毒疗法 普及范围，向受感染母亲生下 的孩子发放牛奶，并为感染艾滋病毒/艾滋病的孕妇 提供安全分娩服务。 daccess-ods.un.org | Our Government launched a national programme to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV/AIDS in 2005, focusing on awareness-raising for young people and mothers, assistance to exposed orphans and children, expanded national coverage for antiretroviral therapy, milk distribution to children born of infected mothers, and safe childbirth for pregnant women with HIV/AIDS. daccess-ods.un.org |
在该宣言中，会员国 承诺要实现明确目标，以确保到 2015 年不再有孩子 一出生就感染艾滋病毒，填补全球防治艾滋病的资源 缺口，努力实现到 2015 年将资金增加至 220 亿到 240 亿美元，加强普及抗逆转录病毒治疗的工作，以便到 2015 年能让 1 500 万人获得挽救其生命的治疗，将艾 滋病毒感染者中死于结核病的人数减少 50%，并将注 射吸毒者中艾滋病毒的传播率降低 50%。 daccess-ods.un.org | In this declaration, Member States committed to clear targets to ensure that by 2015 no more children will be born with HIV, to close the global resource gap for AIDS and to work towards increasing funding to between $22 billion and $24 billion by 2015, to increase universal access to antiretroviral therapy to get 15 million people onto life-saving treatment by 2015, to reduce tuberculosis deaths among people living with HIV by 50 per cent, and to reduce the transmission of HIV among people who inject drugs by 50 per cent. daccess-ods.un.org |
整合后的前病毒基因 组（图2）在5和3端分别有长末端重复序列（LTR），LTR分别由以下三部分构成：(a) U3区域，它作为启动子含有转录增强元件和一个TATA盒；(b) R区域，转录起始部位；(c) U5区域，涉及反转录，带 有一个tRNA引物结合位点。 labome.cn | The integrated provirus genome (Figure 2) has 5’ and 3’ long terminal repeats (LTR) which each consist of [...] three regions: (a) the U3 region, which functions as a promoter and contains transcriptional enhancer elements and a TATA box; (b) the R region, which is where transcription begins; and (c) the U5 region, which is involved in reverse transcription and carries a tRNA primer-binding site. labome.com |
过去 20 年来，巴西举国上下都对艾滋病作出 了 反 应 ，从而 促使各类国家和国际组织齐心协力，共同控制和 扭 转 这 种流 行 病 的 传 播蔓延。 unesdoc.unesco.org | Over the past 20 years, the Brazilian national [...] response to HIV has brought together a highly diverse group of national and international bodies in a joint effort to contain and reverse the spread of the epidemic. unesdoc.unesco.org |
英汉双解词典包含2273206条英汉词条，基本涵盖了全部常用单词的翻译及用法，是英语学习的有利工具。