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External sources (not reviewed)

referred to in article 4, para. 13 of this decree, and also in conjunction with the European Union Joint Action 2008/851/PESC of the Council, of 10 November 2008, and awaiting the approval of the guidelines of the Maritime Safety Committee of the United Nations within the International Maritime Organization (IMO), it is authorized — whereas the detachments referred to in para. 1, are not established — and in any case within the limits established in paras. 5, 5-bis, 5-ter, the employment of “sworn guards”, authorized under articles 133 and 134 of the Unified law text on Public Security, approved with Royal Decree 18 of June 1931, No. 773, on board merchant ships flagged in Italy transiting in international waters referred to in para. 1, for the protection of the said ships.

point for regional and international support to help strengthen the rule of law in Somalia, as a swift and inexpensive measure if located within the premises of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda in Arusha, United Republic of Tanzania (see S/2011/30, annex).

of the legal basis and jurisdiction of such courts; the need for an appropriate criminal and procedural legislative framework for piracy prosecutions; the need for reconstruction of courthouses and other infrastructure; the training of judges and other legal professionals; security; evidentiary and related matters; the time necessary to bring prosecutions up to international standards; cooperation with third States, particularly naval States; costs and financing; and imprisonment arrangements.

and Seychelles, to provide support to the police, courts, prosecutors and prisons to ensure that the trials of suspects are effective, efficient and fair.

under national law, with international assistance and with a focus on the prosecution of piracy offences.

and capacity constraints that prevented it from hosting a court at this stage.

and international assistance to those courts reveals several shortcomings, which are clearly described in the report of the Secretary-General under consideration (S/2012/50).

with the participation of international personnel and other international support.

require that the Transitional Federal Institutions adopt the necessary constitutional and legislative bases, including considering the compatibility of both options with the relevant provisions of the 1960 Constitution of the Somali Republic and the 2004 Transitional Federal Charter for the Somali Republic.

judicial frameworks for the arrest, prosecution and detention of pirates; strengthening commercial shipping self-awareness and other capabilities; pursuing improved diplomatic and public information efforts; and tracking financial flows related to piracy.

international participation and/or support.

of AMISOM and the Somali security initiatives detailed in my report on the situation in Somalia dated 9 March 2009 (S/2009/132).

Somali exclusive economic zone.

vulnerable countries, such as neighbouring Benin, whose port of Cotonou is located 19 nautical miles from the Nigerian coastal border.

security companies have substantially lowered the number of vessels successfully hijacked.

of Somalia, a legal basis within the host State for its functioning in the territory of that State, and an agreement between Somalia and the host State to regulate the respective rights and obligations of the two States.

to collect information, gather evidence and record testimonies relating to acts of Somali piracy, including and especially the identification of pirate leaders, financiers, negotiators, facilitators, support networks and beneficiaries.